Calidad de vida y factores condicionantes en personas con Labio Fisurado y Paladar Hendido No Sindrómico (LPHNs): experiencias de familiares, pacientes, y personal de salud / Quality of life and conditioning factors in people with Non-syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate (NSCLP): experiences of family members, patients, and health personnel

Objetivo: comprender las percepciones sobre calidad de vida (CV) y sus factores condicionantes en personas con Labio Fisurado y Paladar Hendido No Sindrómico (LPHNs), desde la experiencia de las personas con esta condición, y desde sus familias y equipo de salud. Métodos: estudio cualitativo con perspectiva fenomenológica. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a seis individuos que cumplían los criterios de participación (4 mujeres) y seis familiares (esposos, hermanos, padre/madre) mediante un guion estructurado. Esta información se complementó con una entrevista a un ortodoncista con experiencia en atención a estos individuos y un grupo focal con laparticipación de profesionales de la salud. Se realizó análisis de contenido cualitativo y estrategias de reducción fenomenológica desde los discursos experienciales de la población participante. Se contó con aprobación ética e institucional. Resultados: se encontraron cuatro categorías principales desde la experiencia de las personas con LPHNs que involucran diferentes perspectivas de los participantes del estudio: 1) concepto de CV y sus factores condicionantes, 2) experiencia de vida con la condición de LPHNs; 3) experiencia durante el tratamiento integral para la condición de LPHNs; y 4) expectativas generales. Todas estas categorías reflejan la historia de vida, los elementos individuales y sociales, y las dificultades propias de su condición. Conclusiones: existen factores individuales, sociales y contextuales que inciden en la CV de los pacientes con LPHNs. Esto implica un abordaje intersectorial y multidisciplinario que permita la generación de políticas en salud y estrategias de tratamiento acordes a las necesidades individuales y colectivas de estas personas.

Objective: Understand the perceptions and experiences about quality of life (QOL) and their conditionants in people with Non-syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate (NSCLP), from the experience of people living with this condition, and from their families and health personnel. Methods: A qualitative study with phenomenological perspective was conducted. Six individuals and relatives (partner, siblings, parents) were interviewed. This information was complemented by an interview with an orthodontist who works with people with NSCLP and a Focus Group with the participation of health personnel working in a Specialized Foundation focused on these individuals. Qualitative content analysis and phenomenological reduction strategies were carried out to address the main themes extracted from the discourses of the participating population. Ethical and institutional approval was obtained. Results: Four main categories of the experience of people with NSCLP were found that involve the different perspectives of the study participants: 1) concept of QOL and its conditioning factors, 2) life experience with the condition of NSCLP; 3) experience during comprehensive treatment for NSCLP condition; and 4) general expectations. All these categories reflect the life history, the individual and social elements, and the difficulties inherent to their condition. Conclusions: there are individual, social, and contextual factors that affect the QOL of people living with NSCLP. This situation implies an intersectoral and multidisciplinary approach that allows the generation of health policies and treatment strategies according to the individual and collective people's needs.

Escolhas alimentares no contexto de um município com relevante produção agrícola: a perspectiva dos ambientes alimentares em Palmeira das Missões-RS / Food choices in the context of a relevant agricultural production municipality: the food environment perspective in Palmeira das Missões-RS

Introdução: Os ambientes alimentares podem ser entendidos como o contexto em que os indivíduos acessam e realizam suas escolhas alimentares, podendo favorecer ou não a alimentação saudável e adequada. Objetivo: Analisar as escolhas alimentares de consumidores urbanos na perspectiva de ambientes alimentares em Palmeira das Missões, no Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou como técnica de pesquisa entrevista semiestruturada com consumidores residentes na área urbana no município. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo por categorias temáticas, a partir das dimensões física, econômica, política e sociocultural, as quais compõem os ambientes alimentares. Resultados e Discussões: As escolhas alimentares estão interseccionadas com a ampla disponibilidade e facilidade para encontrar mais alimentos ultraprocessados do que in natura, bem como com as condições econômicas, que se tornam limitadoras das escolhas alimentares pautadas na variedade e inclusão de alimentos in natura e minimamente processados. Constatou-se a importância do Programa Bolsa Família para a aquisição de alimentos, sobretudo para famílias de menores estratos socioeconômicos. Considerações finais: Os dados da pesquisa indicam que escolhas alimentares que incluem maior variedade e disponibilidade de alimentos in natura estão associadas principalmente às condições econômicas e à disponibilidade desses alimentos. Por isso, destaca-se a importância do fortalecimento de políticas públicas para a promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável, bem como a relevância da articulação de ações locais, tendo em vista o potencial agrícola do município. (AU)

Introduction: Food environments can be understood as the context in which individuals access and make their food choices, which may or may not favor healthy and adequate food. Objective: To analyze the food choices of urban consumers from the perspective of food environments in Palmeira das Missões, in Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: Qualitative approach research, based on semi-structured interviews with consumers living in the urban area of Palmeira das Missões. Data were analyzed through content analysis by thematic categories, from the physical, economic, political and sociocultural dimensions, both related to food environments. Results and Discussions: Food choices are intersected with the wide availability and ease of finding more ultra-processed foods than in natura, as well as with the economic conditions, which become limiting of food choices based on the variety and inclusion of fresh and minimal processed foods. The importance of the Bolsa Família Program for the purchase of food was verified, especially for families from lower socioeconomic strata. Final considerations: The research findings indicate that food choices based on greater variety and availability of fresh foods are mainly associated with economic conditions and availability of these foods. Therefore, the importance of strengthening public policies for the promotion of adequate and healthy food is highlighted, as well as the relevance of articulating local actions, considering the municipality's agricultural potential. (AU)

¿Como é o sofrimento de adolescentes diagnosticados de transtorno comportamental? Estudar da Teoria Fundamentada / How is the suffering of adolescents diagnosed with behavioral disorders? A Grounded Theory Study

Objective:to determine how suffering is inadolescents with CD and to understand its meaning for these adolescents. Method:A groundedtheory study was developed with 15 adolescents diagnosed with CD attended at children and juvenile psychiatry units in Vizcaya (Spain). 25 in-depth interviews that were analyzed following the constant comparative method of Strauss and Corbin were performed through the software NVivo version 9 for qualitative analysis. Results:The central category "FeelingSick" identifies the substantive theory generated that expresses how and what is the meaning of suffering for adolescents with CD. This suffering precedes CD and unfolds into five main categories: Absence of childhood; Complex parental relationships; Signs of suffering; Awareness of suffering and; Softeningthe suffering. Final Considerations:The early approach to CD is recommended for the identification of suffering in children before they become adolescents through interventions in the family, school and health care

Objetivo: determinar cómo es sufrimiento en los adolescentes con TC y comprender su significado para estos adolescentes. Metodo:Se llevó a caboun estudio de Teoría Fundamentada, con 15 adolescentes diagnosticados de TC atendidos en unidades de psiquiatría infanto-juvenil de Vizcaya (España). Se realizaron 25 entrevistas en profundidad que fueron analizadas siguiendo el método comparativo constante de Strauss y Corbin utilizando el programa NVivo versión 9 para el análisis cualitativo. Resultado: Lacategoría central "Pasarlo Mal" identifica la teoría sustantiva generada que expresa cómo es y cuál es el significado del sufrimiento para los adolescentes con TC. Este sufrimiento es anterior al TC y se desdobla en cinco categorías principales: Infancia ausente; Relaciones parentales complejas; Señales del sufrimiento; Concienciación del sufrimiento y; Suavizar el sufrimiento. Considerações finales:Por tanto, se recomienda el abordaje temprano del TC mediante la identificación de sufrimiento en los niños y niñas antes de llegar a ser adolescentes, a través de intervenciones en la familia, en la escuela, y en la atención de salud.