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Resumen: Introducción: Las complicaciones pulmonares postoperatorias tempranas (CPPT) son la principal causa de complicaciones no relacionadas con el procedimiento quirúrgico en la población de cirugía cardiaca. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo del 01 de enero de 2006 al 31 de diciembre de 2018 en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiaca que ingresaron a la Unidad de Cuidados Postquirúrgicos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 323 pacientes, 107 (33.1%) presentaron CPPT, siendo las más frecuentes las atelectasias (n = 60, 18.6%), derrame pleural (n = 39, 12%), neumonía (n = 5, 1.5%) y SIRA (n = 3, 1%). Los pacientes que presentaron CPPT tuvieron un EURO SCORE II más alto (3.9 ± 4.7 vs. 2.7 ± 2.2, p = 0.001), mayor tiempo de derivación cardiopulmonar (119.6 ± 40.2 vs. 75.5 ± 36.6, p = 0.001) y tiempo de pinzamiento (84.9 ± 30.5 vs. 53.5 ± 29.7, p = 0.001). La supervivencia en UCI de los pacientes con CPPT fue menor (74.8 vs. 88.4%, p = 0.002, OR = 2.6). La supervivencia hospitalaria también fue menor en los pacientes con CPPT (72.8 vs. 84.2%, p = 0.015). Conclusiones: La incidencia de CPPT posterior a la cirugía cardiaca en nuestro centro hospitalaria fue alta. Es necesaria la implementación de medidas preventivas como el retiro temprano de la ventilación mecánica y rehabilitación cardiopulmonar.
Abstract: Introduction: Early postoperative pulmonary complications (EPPC) are the main cause of complications unrelated to the surgical procedure in the cardiac surgery population. Material and methods: A retrospective, observational and descriptive study was conducted from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2018 in patients undergoing cardiac surgery admitted to the post-surgical care unit. Results: 323 patients were included, 107 (33.1%) presented EPPC, the most frequent being atelectasis (n = 60, 18.6%), pleural effusion (n = 39, 12%), pneumonia (n = 5, 1.5%) and ARDS (n = 3, 1%). Patients who presented EPPC had a higher EURO SCORE II (3.9 ± 4.7 vs. 2.7 ± 2.2, p = 0.001), longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (119.6 ± 40.2 vs. 75.5 ± 36.6, p = 0.001) and clamping time (84.9 ± 30.5 vs. 53.5 ± 29.7, p = 0.001). The ICU survival of patients with EPPC was lower (74.8 vs. 88.4%, p = 0.002, OR = 2.6). Hospital survival was also lower in patients with EPPC (72.8 vs. 84.2%, p = 0.015). Conclusions: The incidence of EPPC after cardiac surgery in our hospital was high. The implementation of preventive measures such as early removal of mechanical ventilation and cardiopulmonary rehabilitation is necessary.
Resumo: Introdução: As complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias precoces (CPPP) são a principal causa de complicações não relacionadas ao procedimento cirúrgico na população de cirurgia cardíaca. Material e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, observacional e descritivo realizado no período de 1o de janeiro de 2006 a 31 de dezembro de 2018 em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca internados na unidade de recuperação pós-cirúrgica. Resultados: Foram incluídos 323 pacientes, 107 (33.1%) apresentavam TPPP, sendo os mais frequentes atelectasia (n = 60, 18.6%), derrame pleural (n = 39, 12%), pneumonia (n = 5, 1.5%) e SIRA (n = 3, 1%). Pacientes que apresentaram CPPP tiveram maior EURO SCORE II (3.9 ± 4.7 vs 2.7 ± 2.2, p = 0.001), maior tempo de circulação extracorpórea (119.6 ± 40.2 vs 75.5 ± 36.6, p = 0.001) e tempo de pinçamento (84.9 ± 30.5 vs 53.5 ± 29.7, p = 0.001). A sobrevida na UTI de pacientes com CPPP foi menor (74.8% vs 88.4%, p = 0.002, OR = 2.6). A sobrevivência hospitalar também foi menor em pacientes com CPPT (72.8% vs 84.2%, p = 0.015). Conclusões: A incidência de CPPP após cirurgia cardíaca em nosso centro hospitalar foi alta. É necessária a implementação de medidas preventivas como a retirada precoce da ventilação mecânica e a reabilitação cardiopulmonar.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Music has been used for several years as a relaxation method to reduce stress and anxiety. It is a painless, safe, inexpensive and practical nonpharmacologic therapeutic modality, widely used all over the world. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the effect of music therapy on intraoperative awareness, patient satisfaction, awakening pain and waking quality in patients undergoing elective septorhinoplasty under general anesthesia. Methods This randomized, controlled, prospective study was conducted with 120 patients undergoing septorhinoplasty within a 2 months period. The patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups: group music (music during surgery) and control group (without music during surgery). All patients underwent standard general anesthesia. Patients aged 18-70 years who would undergo a planned surgery under general anesthesia were included. Patients who had emergency surgery, hearing or cognitive impairment, were excluded from the study. Results A total of 120 patients were enrolled, and separated into two groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics, anesthesia and surgery durations (p > 0.05). In the music group, sedation agitation scores were lower than those in the control group at the postoperative period (3.76 ± 1.64 vs. 5.11 ± 2.13; p < 0.001). In addition; in patients of the music group, the pain level (2.73 ± 1.28 vs. 3.61 ± 1.40) was lower (p < 0.001), requiring less analgesic drugs intake. Conclusion Music therapy, which is a nonpharmacologic intervention, is an effective method, without side effects, leading to positive effects in the awakening, hemodynamic parameters and analgesic requirements in the postoperative period. It is also effective in reducing the anxiety and intraoperative awareness episodes of surgical patients.
Resumo Introdução A música tem sido usada há vários anos como um método de relaxamento para reduzir o estresse e a ansiedade. É um método de tratamento não farmacológico, seguro, barato e prático, amplamente usado em todo o mundo. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da musicoterapia no despertar intraoperatório, na satisfação do paciente, na dor ao despertar e na qualidade de vigília em pacientes submetidos à rinosseptoplastia eletiva sob anestesia geral. Método Estudo prospectivo, randomizado e controlado feito com 120 pacientes submetidos a rinosseptoplastia em 2 meses. Os pacientes foram selecionados aleatoriamente e divididos em dois grupos: musicoterapia (música durante a cirurgia) e controle (sem música durante a cirurgia). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a anestesia geral padrão. Pacientes entre 18 e 70 anos que seriam submetidos a cirurgia planejada sob anestesia geral foram incluídos. Pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de emergência, apresentavam deficiência auditiva ou cognitiva foram excluídos do estudo. Resultados Foram incluídos no estudo 120 pacientes, divididos nos dois grupos. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos em relação às características demográficas, anestesia e duração da cirurgia (p > 0,05). No grupo musicoterapia, os escores de agitação da sedação foram menores do que no grupo controle no período pós-operatório (3,76 ± 1,64 vs. 5,11 ± 2,13; p < 0,001). Além disso, nos pacientes do grupo musicoterapia, o nível de dor (2,73 ± 1,28 vs. 3,61 ± 1,40) foi menor (p < 0,001) e a necessidade de analgésicos foi menor no pós-operatório. Conclusão A musicoterapia, uma intervenção não farmacológica, é um método eficaz, sem efeitos colaterais, que leva a efeitos positivos no despertar, nos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e nas necessidades analgésicas no pós-operatório, além de reduzir a ansiedade por estresse, a dor e a chance de despertar durante a cirurgia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Music , Music Therapy , Anxiety , Pain, Postoperative , Prospective Studies , Anesthesia, GeneralABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Music has been used for several years as a relaxation method to reduce stress and anxiety. It is a painless, safe, inexpensive and practical nonpharmacologic therapeutic modality, widely used all over the world. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the effect of music therapy on intraoperative awareness, patient satisfaction, awakening pain and waking quality in patients undergoing elective septorhinoplasty under general anesthesia. METHODS: This randomized, controlled, prospective study was conducted with 120 patients undergoing septorhinoplasty within a 2 months period. The patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups: group music (music during surgery) and control group (without music during surgery). All patients underwent standard general anesthesia. Patients aged 18-70 years who would undergo a planned surgery under general anesthesia were included. Patients who had emergency surgery, hearing or cognitive impairment, were excluded from the study. RESULTS: A total of 120 patients were enrolled, and separated into two groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics, anesthesia and surgery durations (p>0.05). In the music group, sedation agitation scores were lower than those in the control group at the postoperative period (3.76±1.64 vs. 5.11±2.13; p<0.001). In addition; in patients of the music group, the pain level (2.73±1.28 vs. 3.61±1.40) was lower (p<0.001), requiring less analgesic drugs intake. CONCLUSION: Music therapy, which is a nonpharmacologic intervention, is an effective method, without side effects, leading to positive effects in the awakening, hemodynamic parameters and analgesic requirements in the postoperative period. It is also effective in reducing the anxiety and intraoperative awareness episodes of surgical patients.
Subject(s)
Music Therapy , Music , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Anesthesia, General , Anxiety , Humans , Middle Aged , Pain, Postoperative , Prospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Abstract Purpose: Postoperative recovery is a complex process with physiologic, functional, and psychologic dimensions. Postoperative quality of recovery is considered as a crucial outcome following surgery and anesthesia. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the quality of postoperative recovery and health status before and after surgery, in patients undergoing elective surgery. Methods: This observational, prospective study was conducted on patients proposed for elective surgery. Evaluation of postoperative recovery was performed using the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale and health status was assessed by applying the EuroQol assessing problems in five dimensions: mobility, personal care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Poor quality of recovery was defined as recovery in fewer than two domains at postoperative Day 1 in the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale. Results: Before surgery (D0), patients with poor quality of recovery had median Visual Analog Scale scores in EuroQol similar to those of patients without poor quality of recovery, but they had more problems in the mobility, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression dimensions. At 3 months after surgery, patients with poor quality of recovery had median Visual Analog Scale scores in EuroQol similar to those of patients without poor quality of recovery, but they maintained more problems in the pain/discomfort dimension. Patients with poor quality of recovery scored significantly higher on the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 scale at baseline, although the results were similar at 3 months. Conclusions: Patients with poor quality of recovery had the worst health status at D0. Evaluation at 3 months indicated similar rates of problems in EuroQol (except for pain/discomfort) and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 scores were similar.
Resumo Objetivo: A recuperação pós-operatória é um processo complexo com dimensões fisiológicas, funcionais e psicológicas. A qualidade da recuperação pós-operatória é considerada um resultado crucial após cirurgia e anestesia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar a qualidade da recuperação pós-operatória e o estado de saúde antes e depois da cirurgia em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia eletiva. Métodos: Este estudo observacional prospectivo foi feito com pacientes agendados para cirurgia eletiva. A avaliação da recuperação pós-operatória foi feita com a Escala de Qualidade da Recuperação Pós-Operatória (Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale) e o estado de saúde foi avaliado com a aplicação do EuroQol, que analisa problemas em cinco dimensões (mobilidade, cuidados pessoais, atividades habituais, dor/desconforto e ansiedade/depressão) e a ferramenta para medida de incapacidade desenvolvida pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0). Má qualidade de recuperação foi definida como uma recuperação em menos de dois domínios da Escala de Qualidade da Recuperação Pós-Operatória no primeiro dia (D1) de pós-operatório. Resultados: Antes da cirurgia (D0), os pacientes com má qualidade de recuperação apresentaram escores medianos na escala visual analógica semelhantes aos dos pacientes sem má qualidade de recuperação, mas apresentaram mais problemas nas dimensões mobilidade, atividades habituais, dor/desconforto e ansiedade/depressão. No terceiro mês após a cirurgia, os pacientes com má qualidade de recuperação apresentaram escores na escala visual analógica medianos no EuroQol semelhantes aos dos pacientes sem má qualidade de recuperação, mas apresentaram mais problemas na dimensão dor/desconforto. Os escores World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 dos pacientes com má qualidade de recuperação foram significativamente maiores no início do estudo, embora os resultados tenham sido semelhantes no terceiro mês. Conclusões: Os pacientes com má qualidade de recuperação apresentaram o pior estado de saúde no D0. A avaliação no terceiro mês indicou taxas semelhantes de problemas no EuroQol (exceto dor/desconforto) e escores semelhantes no World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Health Status , Elective Surgical Procedures , Recovery of Function , Postoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Middle AgedABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Postoperative recovery is a complex process with physiologic, functional, and psychologic dimensions. Postoperative quality of recovery is considered as a crucial outcome following surgery and anesthesia. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the quality of postoperative recovery and health status before and after surgery, in patients undergoing elective surgery. METHODS: This observational, prospective study was conducted on patients proposed for elective surgery. Evaluation of postoperative recovery was performed using the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale and health status was assessed by applying the EuroQol assessing problems in five dimensions: mobility, personal care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Poor quality of recovery was defined as recovery in fewer than two domains at postoperative Day 1 in the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale. RESULTS: Before surgery (D0), patients with poor quality of recovery had median Visual Analog Scale scores in EuroQol similar to those of patients without poor quality of recovery, but they had more problems in the mobility, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression dimensions. At 3 months after surgery, patients with poor quality of recovery had median Visual Analog Scale scores in EuroQol similar to those of patients without poor quality of recovery, but they maintained more problems in the pain/discomfort dimension. Patients with poor quality of recovery scored significantly higher on the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 scale at baseline, although the results were similar at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with poor quality of recovery had the worst health status at D0. Evaluation at 3 months indicated similar rates of problems in EuroQol (except for pain/discomfort) and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 scores were similar.
Subject(s)
Elective Surgical Procedures , Health Status , Recovery of Function , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Period , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Abstract Background Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols consist of a set of perioperative measures aimed at improving patient recovery and decreasing length of stay and postoperative complications. We assess the implementation and outcomes of an ERAS program for colorectal surgery. Methods Single center observational study. Data were collected from consecutive patients undergoing open or laparoscopic colorectal surgery during 2 time periods, 3 years before (Pre-ERAS) and 2 years after (Post-ERAS) the implementation of an ERAS protocol. Baseline characteristics of both groups were compared. The primary outcome was the number of patients with 180 days follow-up with moderate or severe complications; secondary outcomes were postoperative length of stay, and specific complications. Data were extracted from patient records. Results There were 360 patients in the Pre-ERAS group and 319 patients in the Post-ERAS Group. 214 (59.8%) patients developed at least one complication in the pre ERAS group, versus 163 patients in the Post-ERAS group (51.10%). More patients in the Pre-ERAS group developed moderate or severe complications (31.9% vs. 22.26%, p = 0.009); and severe complications (15.5% vs. 5.3%; p < 0.0001). The median length of stay was 13 (17) days in Pre-ERAS Group and 11 (10) days in the Post-ERAS Group (p = 0.034). No differences were found on mortality rates (4.7% vs. 2.5%; p = 0.154), or readmission (6.39% vs. 4.39%; p = 0.31). Overall ERAS protocol compliance in the Post-ERAS cohort was 88%. Conclusions The implementation of ERAS protocol for colorectal surgery was associated with a significantly reduction of postoperative complications and length of stay.
Resumo Justificativa O protocolo ERAS - do Inglês Enhanced Recovery After Surgery - consiste em um conjunto de medidas perioperatórias destinadas a melhorar a recuperação do paciente e diminuir o tempo de internação e as complicações pós-operatórias. Avaliamos a implantação e os resultados de um protocolo ERAS para cirurgia colorretal. Métodos Estudo observacional em centro único. Os dados foram coletados de pacientes consecutivos submetidos à cirurgia colorretal aberta ou laparoscópica durante dois períodos: três anos antes (pré-ERAS) e dois anos após (pós-ERAS) a implantação de um protocolo ERAS. As características basais de ambos os grupos foram comparadas. O desfecho primário foi o número de pacientes com 180 dias de acompanhamento com complicações moderadas ou graves. Os desfechos secundários foram tempo de internação pós-cirurgia e complicações específicas. Os dados foram extraídos de prontuários dos pacientes. Resultados O grupo pré-ERAS foi composto por 360 pacientes e o grupo pós-ERAS por 319. No grupo pré ERAS, 214 pacientes (59,8%) desenvolveram pelo menos uma complicação versus 163 (51,10%) no grupo pós-ERAS. Um número maior de pacientes do grupo pré-ERAS desenvolveu complicações moderadas ou graves (31,9% vs. 22,26%, p = 0,009); e complicações graves (15,5% vs. 5,3%; p < 0,0001). A mediana do tempo de internação foi de 13 (17) dias no grupo pré-ERAS e de 11 (10) dias no grupo pós-ERAS (p = 0,034). Não houve diferença nas taxas de mortalidade (4,7% vs. 2,5%; p = 0,1554) ou de reinternação (6,39% vs. 4,39%; p = 0,31). A conformidade geral do protocolo ERAS na coorte pós-ERAS foi de 88%. Conclusões A implantação do protocolo ERAS para cirurgia colorretal foi associada a uma redução significativa das complicações pós-operatórias e do tempo de internação.
Subject(s)
Humans , Postoperative Complications , Colorectal Surgery/standards , Perioperative Period/methods , Enhanced Recovery After Surgery/standards , Cohort Studies , Observational StudyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols consist of a set of perioperative measures aimed at improving patient recovery and decreasing length of stay and postoperative complications. We assess the implementation and outcomes of an ERAS program for colorectal surgery. METHODS: Single center observational study. Data were collected from consecutive patients undergoing open or laparoscopic colorectal surgery during 2 time periods, 3 years before (Pre-ERAS) and 2 years after (Post-ERAS) the implementation of an ERAS protocol. Baseline characteristics of both groups were compared. The primary outcome was the number of patients with 180 days follow-up with moderate or severe complications; secondary outcomes were postoperative length of stay, and specific complications. Data were extracted from patient records. RESULTS: There were 360 patients in the Pre-ERAS group and 319 patients in the Post-ERAS Group. 214 (59.8%) patients developed at least one complication in the pre ERAS group, versus 163 patients in the Post-ERAS group (51.10%). More patients in the Pre-ERAS group developed moderate or severe complications (31.9% vs. 22.26%, p=0.009); and severe complications (15.5% vs. 5.3%; p<0.0001). The median length of stay was 13 (17) days in Pre-ERAS Group and 11 (10) days in the Post-ERAS Group (p=0.034). No differences were found on mortality rates (4.7% vs. 2.5%; p=0.154), or readmission (6.39% vs. 4.39%; p=0.31). Overall ERAS protocol compliance in the Post-ERAS cohort was 88%. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of ERAS protocol for colorectal surgery was associated with a significantly reduction of postoperative complications and length of stay.
ABSTRACT
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor após artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) é intensa e agravada pelas mobilizações, o que demanda técnica analgésica eficaz e que permita mobilidade precoce, participação nas atividades de reabilitação e rápida recuperação funcional. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar os efeitos das técnicas de analgesia controlada pelo paciente (ACP) pelas vias peridural e perineural do plexo lombar sobre a reabilitação funcional em pacientes submetidos à ATQ. MÉTODO: Pacientes estado físico ASA I a III foram alocados aleatoriamente nos grupos Peridural e Lombar. Para a ATQ, foi realizada anestesia peridural lombar contínua com ropivacaína a 0,5 por cento (Peridural) ou bloqueio contínuo do plexo lombar com ropivacaína a 0,5 por cento (Lombar). Na sala de recuperação, iniciou-se ACP com infusão de ropivacaína a 0,2 por cento (Lombar) ou ropivacaína a 0,2 por cento + fentanil 3 µg.mL-1 (Peridural). A eficácia da analgesia nas primeiras 48 horas após a ATQ (escores de dor, consumo de morfina de resgate e de bolos da bomba de ACP) foi comparada entre os grupos. Diferentes parâmetros da reabilitação pós-operatória foram estudados. RESULTADOS: Quarenta e um pacientes foram submetidos à análise estatística. Os escores de dor em repouso foram semelhantes nos dois grupos. Apesar do controle mais efetivo da dor dinâmica no grupo Peridural e o uso de morfina ter sido maior, mais frequente e mais precoce no grupo Lombar, não houve diferença entre os grupos em nenhum dos parâmetros estudados de reabilitação. As técnicas de analgesia não influenciaram as falhas no processo de reabilitação. CONCLUSÕES: A maior efetividade da analgesia peridural não se traduziu em melhora no processo de reabilitação, nem reduziu o tempo necessário para alcançar os desfechos estudados.
BAKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pain after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is severe and it is aggravated by movements, which requires an effective analgesic technique that allows early mobilization, participation in rehabilitation activities, and fast functional recovery. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of epidural and perineural patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) of the lumbar plexus on functional rehabilitation of patients undergoing THA. METHODS: Patients classified as physical status ASA I to III were randomly divided into two groups: Epidural and Lumbar. For THA, patients underwent continuous epidural lumbar block with 0.5 percent ropivacaine (Epidural) or continuous lumbar plexus block with 0.5 percent ropivacaine (Lumbar). In the recovery room, PCA with infusion of 0.2 percent ropivacaine (Lumbar) or 0.2 percent ropivacaine + fentanyl 3 µg.mL-1 (Epidural) was instituted. Analgesic efficacy in the first 48 hours after THA (pain scores, rescue morphine consumption, and bolus of the PCA pump) was compared between both groups. Different postoperative rehabilitation parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-one patients underwent statistical analysis. Resting pain scores were similar in both groups. Despite more effective control of dynamic pain in the Epidural group and the greater, more frequent, and earlier morphine consumption in the Lumbar group, rehabilitation parameters evaluated did not differ in both groups. Analgesia techniques did not affect rehabilitation failures. CONCLUSIONS: The greater effectivity of epidural analgesia did not translate in improvement of the rehabilitation process nor did it decrease the time necessary to achieve end goals.
JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El dolor después de la artroplastia total de la cadera (ATC) es intenso y se agrava por los movimientos, lo que demanda una técnica analgésica eficaz y que permita la movilidad precoz, la participación en las actividades de rehabilitación, y una rápida recuperación funcional. El objetivo de este estudio, fue comparar los efectos de las técnicas de analgesia controlada por el paciente (ACP), por las vías epidural y perineural del plexo lumbar sobre la rehabilitación funcional en pacientes sometidos a la ATC. MÉTODO: Pacientes en estado físico ASA I a III, que fueron ubicados aleatoriamente en los grupos Epidural y Lumbar. Para la ATC, se realizó la anestesia epidural lumbar continua con ropivacaína a 0,5 por ciento (Epidural) o bloqueo continuo del plexo lumbar con ropivacaína a 0,5 por ciento (Lumbar). En la sala de recuperación, se inició ACP con infusión de ropivacaína a 0,2 por ciento (Lumbar) o ropivacaína a 0,2 por ciento + fentanil 3 µg.mL-1 (Epidural). La eficacia de la analgesia en las primeras 48 horas después de la ATC (niveles de dolor, consumo de morfina de rescate y de bolos de la bomba de ACP), se comparó entre los grupos. Los diferentes parámetros de la rehabilitación postoperatoria también se estudiaron. RESULTADOS: Cuarenta y un pacientes se sometieron al análisis estadístico. Los niveles de dolor en reposo fueron similares en los dos grupos. A pesar de un control más efectivo del dolor dinámico en el grupo Epidural y de un uso más potente de la morfina, que se aplicó más a menudo y precozmente en el grupo Lumbar, no hubo diferencia entre los grupos en ninguno de los parámetros estudiados de rehabilitación. Las técnicas de analgesia no influyeron en las fallas en el proceso de rehabilitación. CONCLUSIONES: El más alto nivel de efectividad de la analgesia epidural, no se tradujo en una mejoría en el proceso de rehabilitación, ni tampoco redujo el tiempo necesario para alcanzar los resultados estudiados.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Analgesia, Epidural , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/rehabilitation , Lumbosacral Plexus , Nerve Block , Nerve Block/methodsABSTRACT
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Hipotermia intra-operatória é complicação frequente, favorecida por operação abdominal. A eficácia da associação dos métodos de aquecimento por condução e convecção na prevenção de hipotermia e seus efeitos no período de recuperação pós-operatória foram os objetivos deste estudo. MÉTODO: Quarenta e três pacientes de ambos os sexos de 18 a 88 anos de idade, submetidos à laparotomia xifopúbica sob anestesia geral e monitorização da temperatura esofágica, foram distribuídos de modo aleatório em dois grupos de aquecimento: COND (n = 24), com colchão de circulação de água a 37ºC no dorso e COND + CONV (n = 19), com a mesma condição associada à manta de ar aquecido a 42ºC sobre o tórax e membros superiores. Analisados peso, sexo, idade, duração da operação e anestesia, temperaturas na indução anestésica (Mi), horas consecutiva (M1, M2), final da operação (Mfo) e anestesia (Mfa), entrada (Me-REC) e saída (Ms-REC) da recuperação pós-anestésica (SRPA), além das incidências de tremores e queixas de frio no pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram semelhantes em todas as variáveis analisadas, exceto nas temperaturas em M2, M3, M4, Mfo e Mfa. O grupo COND reduziu a temperatura a partir da segunda hora da indução anestésica, mas o grupo COND + CONV só na quarta hora. Em COND, observou-se hipotermia na entrada e saída da SRPA. CONCLUSÕES: Associar métodos de aquecimento retardou a instalação e diminui a intensidade da hipotermia intra-operatória, mas não reduziu a incidência das queixas de frio e tremores.
JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La Hipotermia intraoperatoria es una complicación frecuente, favorecida por la operación abdominal. La eficacia de la asociación de los métodos de calentamiento por conducción y convección en la prevención de hipotermia y sus efectos en el período de recuperación postoperatoria, fueron los objetivos de este estudio. MÉTODO: Cuarenta y tres pacientes de los dos sexos, entre 18 y 88 años de edad, sometidos a la laparotomía xifopúbica bajo anestesia general y monitorización de la temperatura esofágica, aleatoriamente distribuidos en dos grupos de calentamiento: COND (n = 24) colchón de circulación de agua a 37,0ºC en el dorso y COND + CONV (n = 19) la misma condición asociada a la manta de aire calentado a 42ºC sobre el tórax y los miembros superiores. Se analizó el peso, sexo, edad, duración de la operación y anestesia, temperaturas en la inducción anestésica (Mi), horas consecutiva (M1, M2), final de la operación (Mfo) y anestesia (Mfa), entrada (Me-REC) y salida (Ms-REC) de la recuperación postanestésica (SRPA), además de las incidencias de temblores y quejidos de frío en el postoperatorio. RESULTADOS: Los grupos fueron similares en todas las variables analizadas, excepto en las temperaturas en M2, M3, M4, Mfo y Mfa. El Grupo COND redujo la temperatura a partir de la segunda hora de la inducción anestésica, pero el grupo COND + CONV sólo en la cuarta hora. En COND se observó una hipotermia en la entrada y en la salida de la SRPA. CONCLUSIONES: El asociar métodos de calentamiento, retardó la instalación y redujo la intensidad de la hipotermia intraoperatoria, pero no redujo la incidencia de los quejidos de frío y los temblores.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intraoperative hypothermia is a common complication, and its development is favored by abdominal surgeries. The efficacy of the association of conductive and convective warming methods in the prevention of hypothermia, and its effects during postoperative recovery were the objectives of this study. METHODS: Forty-three patients of both genders, ages 18 to 88 years, undergoing xyphopubic laparotomy under general anesthesia and monitoring of the esophageal temperature were randomly divided in two groups, according to the warming method: COND (n = 24), circulating-water mattress at 37º C on the back, and COND + CONV (n = 19), circulating-water mattress associated with warm air blanket at 42º C over the thorax and upper limbs. Weight, gender, age, duration of surgery and anesthesia, temperature on anesthetic induction (Mi), consecutive hours (M1, M2), end of surgery (Mes) and anesthesia (Mea), and admission (Ma-REC) and discharge (Md-REC) from the post-anesthetic recovery room (PARR), besides the postoperative incidence of tremors and complaints of cold, were analyzed. RESULTS: Both groups were similar regarding all parameters analyzed, except temperatures on M2, M3, M4, Mes, and Mea. The temperature of patients in the COND group decreased from the second hour of anesthetic induction on, but in the COND + CONV group it only happened in the fourth hour. Patients in the COND group presented hypothermia upon admission and discharge from the PARR. CONCLUSIONS: The association of different warming methods delayed the beginning and reduced the severity of intraoperative hypothermia, but it did not reduce the complaints of feeling cold and tremors.
