Transplantation of Donor-Recipient Chimeric Cells Restores Peripheral Blood Cell Populations and Increases Survival after Total Body Irradiation-Induced Injury in a Rat Experimental Model.

Current therapies for acute radiation syndrome (ARS) involve bone marrow transplantation (BMT), leading to graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). To address this challenge, we have developed a novel donor-recipient chimeric cell (DRCC) therapy to increase survival and prevent GvHD following total body irradiation (TBI)-induced hematopoietic injury without the need for immunosuppression. In this study, 20 Lewis rats were exposed to 7 Gy TBI to induce ARS, and we assessed the efficacy of various cellular therapies following systemic intraosseous administration. Twenty Lewis rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 5/group): saline control, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT), DRCC, and alloBMT + DRCC. DRCC were created by polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion of bone marrow cells from 24 ACI (RT1a) and 24 Lewis (RT11) rat donors. Fusion feasibility was confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The impact of different therapies on post-irradiation peripheral blood cell recovery was evaluated through complete blood count, while GvHD signs were monitored clinically and histopathologically. The chimeric state of DRCC was confirmed. Post-alloBMT mortality was 60%, whereas DRCC and alloBMT + DRCC therapies achieved 100% survival. DRCC therapy also led to the highest white blood cell counts and minimal GvHD changes in kidney and skin samples, in contrast to alloBMT treatment. In this study, transplantation of DRCC promoted the recovery of peripheral blood cell populations after TBI without the development of GVHD. This study introduces a novel and promising DRCC-based bridging therapy for treating ARS and extending survival without GvHD.

[Fatal radiation-induced injury resulting from the deliberate use of ionizing radiation source for illegal purposes]. / Smertel'naya radiatsionnaya travma vsledstvie umyshlennogo primeneniya istochnika ioniziruyushchego izlucheniya v protivopravnykh tselyakh.

A rare clinical observation of death from prolonged uneven external irradiation due to the deliberate use of an ionizing radiation source for illegal purposes has been presented. The main difficulties of postmortem diagnosis of this type of radiation-induced injury, considering the features of histological examinations and special methods of retrospective dosimetric evaluations, have been identified.

Radioreparative Effect of Diode Laser on Leukopoiesis Recovery: A Pilot Study.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of laser therapy on leukopoiesis recovery after irradiation with ionizing radiation. A dose of ionizing radiation was used that induced the hematological form of radiation sickness, reducing the number of blood cells. Subsequently, mice were treated with non-ionizing laser radiation. Based on the examination of the peripheral blood, the study found that laser therapy significantly impacted the number of eosinophils and basophils two weeks after irradiation. Laser therapy also led to the faster reparation of the lymphocyte lineage of white blood cells (WBCs). The research showed that the examined therapeutic laser had a long-term radioreparative effect on gamma-irradiated mice, improving the absolute counts of different lines of WBCs. The results of this study could have implications for the treatment of radiation sickness in humans.

ACUTE RADIATION SICKNESS IN HUMAN: ETIOPATHOGENESIS, CLINIC, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT (LECTURE). / ГОСТРА ПРОМЕНЕВА ХВОРОБА ЛЮДИНИ: ЕТІОПАТОГЕНЕЗ, КЛІНІКА, ДІАГНОСТИКА ТА ЛІКУВАННЯ (ЛЕКЦІЯ).

Under the conditions of war in Ukraine, there remains a high probability that russia will use nuclear weapons or commit terrorist acts against nuclear power plants, which will lead to exposure of the population in doses that cause acute radiation sickness (ARS). In this regard, our medical service must be ready for the treatment of ARS of various degrees of severity under a mass influx of victims. In peacetime, ARS is a rather infrequent pathology, so most doctors lack experience in its treatment. This article, having the form of a lecture, presents material on the pathogenesis, classification, clinic, diagnosis and treatment of ARS, taking into account the modern achievements of radiation medicine. Treatment of ARS is based on the use of pharmaceutical drugs that are licensed in Ukraine. The article will be useful for doctors and medical workers of all branches and levels of health care, who will have to deal with irradiated persons in order to timely identify patients with ARS and provide them with effective treatment.

[Protecting the life and health of customs officials from the harmful impact of radiation materials].

Radiation materials pose a serious danger to human life and health, especially for personnel who interact with such materials in the performance of their duties. The effect on the human body of ionizing radiation that emits radiation material manifests itself in the form of «radiation sickness¼, when all human organs are affected, and radioactive rays can cause gene mutations that can be inherited in the form of deformities or serious diseases. For this reason, it is very important to ask whether the radiation safety of officials of customs authorities is ensured at a sufficient level, who, when carrying out customs control of such materials, endanger their lives and health. The analysis carried out in the study testifies to the disparity in the requirements and established rules for ensuring the safety and protection of the health of customs officials working with radioactive materials. In this regard, this article studied the risks of the negative impact of radiation materials on the health of a customs inspector during customs control, studied in detail the process of organizing the work of group «A¼ personnel who have access to work with such materials, and formulated appropriate conclusions and recommendations for eliminating imperfections in ensuring the radiation safety of customs officials from the harmful effects of radioactive materials in order to protect the life and health of the inspector from the radiation threat in the performance of his duties.

[Effect of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin (rhTPO) on Long-term Hematopoietic Recovery in Mice with Acute Radiation Sickness and Relative Mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and relative mechanism of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin (rhTPO) on long-term hematopoietic recovery in mice with acute radiation sickness. METHODS: Mice were intramuscularly injected with rhTPO (100 µg/kg) 2 hours after total body irradiation with 60Co γ-rays (6.5 Gy). Moreover, six months after irradiation, peripheral blood, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) ratio, competitive transplantation survival rate and chimerization rate, senescence rate of c-kit+ HSC, and p16 and p38 mRNA expression of c-kit+ HSC were detected. RESULTS: Six months after 6.5 Gy γ-ray irradiation, there were no differences in peripheral blood white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, neutrophils and bone marrow nucleated cells in normal group, irradiated group and rhTPO group (P>0.05). The proportion of hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitor cells in mice of irradiated group was significantly decreased after irradiation (P<0.05), but there was no significant changes in rhTPO group (P>0.05). The counts of CFU-MK and BFU-E in irradiated group were significantly lower than that in normal group, and rhTPO group was higher than that of the irradiated group(P<0.05). The 70 day survival rate of recipient mice in normal group and rhTPO group was 100%, and all mice died in irradiation group. The senescence positive rates of c-kit+ HSC in normal group, irradiation group and rhTPO group were 6.11%, 9.54% and 6.01%, respectively (P<0.01). Compared with the normal group, the p16 and p38 mRNA expression of c-kit+ HSC in the irradiated mice were significantly increased (P<0.01), and it was markedly decreased after rhTPO administration (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The hematopoietic function of mice is still decreased 6 months after 6.5 Gy γ-ray irradiation, suggesting that there may be long-term damage. High-dose administration of rhTPO in the treatment of acute radiation sickness can reduce the senescence of HSC through p38-p16 pathway and improve the long-term damage of hematopoietic function in mice with acute radiation sickness.

Effect of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin (rhTPO) on Long-term Hematopoietic Recovery in Mice with Acute Radiation Sickness and Relative Mechanism / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect and relative mechanism of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin (rhTPO) on long-term hematopoietic recovery in mice with acute radiation sickness.@*METHODS@#Mice were intramuscularly injected with rhTPO (100 μg/kg) 2 hours after total body irradiation with 60Co γ-rays (6.5 Gy). Moreover, six months after irradiation, peripheral blood, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) ratio, competitive transplantation survival rate and chimerization rate, senescence rate of c-kit+ HSC, and p16 and p38 mRNA expression of c-kit+ HSC were detected.@*RESULTS@#Six months after 6.5 Gy γ-ray irradiation, there were no differences in peripheral blood white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, neutrophils and bone marrow nucleated cells in normal group, irradiated group and rhTPO group (P>0.05). The proportion of hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitor cells in mice of irradiated group was significantly decreased after irradiation (P<0.05), but there was no significant changes in rhTPO group (P>0.05). The counts of CFU-MK and BFU-E in irradiated group were significantly lower than that in normal group, and rhTPO group was higher than that of the irradiated group(P<0.05). The 70 day survival rate of recipient mice in normal group and rhTPO group was 100%, and all mice died in irradiation group. The senescence positive rates of c-kit+ HSC in normal group, irradiation group and rhTPO group were 6.11%, 9.54% and 6.01%, respectively (P<0.01). Compared with the normal group, the p16 and p38 mRNA expression of c-kit+ HSC in the irradiated mice were significantly increased (P<0.01), and it was markedly decreased after rhTPO administration (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The hematopoietic function of mice is still decreased 6 months after 6.5 Gy γ-ray irradiation, suggesting that there may be long-term damage. High-dose administration of rhTPO in the treatment of acute radiation sickness can reduce the senescence of HSC through p38-p16 pathway and improve the long-term damage of hematopoietic function in mice with acute radiation sickness.

[Therapeutic Effect of Single Intramuscular Administration of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin on Rhesus Monkeys with Acute radiation Sickness].

OBJECTIVE: To confirm the therapeutic effect of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) on rhesus monkeys irradiated with 5.0 Gy 60Co γ-ray, and provide experimental basis for clinical treatment of similar patients. METHODS: Fourteen adult rhesus monkeys were irradiated with 60Co γ-ray on both sides at the dose of 5.0 Gy (dose rate 69.2 cGy/min) to establish the acute radiation sickness model. The monkeys were divided into irradiation group (n=5), rhTPO 5 µg/kg group (n=4) and rhTPO 10 µg/kg group (n=5). Two hours after irradiation, the three groups of monkeys were injected with saline 0.1 ml/kg, rhTPO 5 µg/kg（0.1 ml/kg） and rhTPO 10 µg/kg(0.2 ml/kg), respectively. The general signs, survival, peripheral hemogram and serum biochemistry of rhesus monkeys were observed before and after irradiation, and the differences between rhTPO group and irradiation control group were compared. RESULTS: After total body irradiation with 5.0 Gy60Co γ-ray, rhesus monkeys successively showed fever, hemorrhage, sharp decrease of whole blood cell counts in peripheral blood and disorder of serum biochemical indexes. Compared with the irradiated control group, a single intramuscular injection of rhTPO 5 µg/kg or 10 µg/kg 2 hours after irradiation could improve the symptoms of fever and bleeding, increase the nadir of peripheral red blood cells and platelets counts, shorten the duration of hemocytopenia, and advance the time for blood cells to return to the pre-irradiation level. The serum biochemical results showed that rhTPO could improve the abnormality of serum biochemical indexes in rhesus monkeys induced by 5.0 Gy total body irradiation to some extent. Compared with the two administration groups, the therapeutic effect of rhTPO 10 µg/ kg was better. CONCLUSION: A single injection of rhTPO 5 µg/ kg or 10 µg/ kg 2 hours after irradiation can alleviate the injury of multilineage hematopoiesis and promote the recovery in monkeys irradiated by 5.0 Gy γ-ray. It also improves animal signs and has obvious therapeutic effect on acute radiation sickness.

[Effect of Interleukin-6 Gene Deletion on Radiation-Induced Mouse Hematopoietic Injury and Relative Mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene deletion on radiation-induced hematopoietic injury in mice and relative mechanism. METHODS: Before and after whole body 60Co γ-ray irradiation, it was analyzed and compared that the difference of peripheral hemogram, bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells conts in IL-6 gene knockout (IL-6-/-) and wild-type (IL-6+/+) mice and serum IL-6 and G-CSF expression levels in above- mentioned mouse were detected. Moreover, 30 days survival rate of IL-6-/- and IL-6+/+ mice after 8.0 Gy γ-ray irradiation were analyzed. RESULTS: IL-6 levels in serum of IL-6+/+ and IL-6-/- mice were respectively (98.95±3.85) pg/ml and (18.36±5.61) pg/ml, which showed a significant statistical differences (P<0.001). There were no significant differences of peripheral blood cell counts and G-CSF level in serum between IL-6+/+ and IL-6-/- mice before irradiation (P>0.05). However, the number of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets in peripheral blood and G-CSF level in serum of IL-6-/- mice were significantly decreased at 6 h after 8.0 Gy γ-ray irradiation compared with that of IL-6+/+ mice. On days 30 after 8.0 Gy γ-ray irradiation, the survival rate of IL-6+/+ and IL-6-/- mice was 62.5% and 12.5%, and the mean survival time of dead mice was 16.0±1.0 and 10.6±5.3 days, respectively. On days 14 after 6.5 Gy γ-ray irradiation, bone marrow nucleated cells in IL-6+/+ and IL-6-/- mice were respectively (10.0±1.2)×106 and (8.3±2.2)×106 per femur. Compared with IL-6+/+ mice, the proportion of Lin-Sca-1-c-kit+ (LK) in bone marrow of IL-6-/- mice had no significant change (P>0.05), but the proportion of Lin-Sca-1+c-kit+ (LSK) was significantly decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: IL-6 plays an obvious role in regulating hematopoietic radiation injury, and IL-6 deficiency can inhibit the radiation-induced increase of endogenous G-CSF level in serum, aggravates the damage of mouse hematopoietic stem cells（HSC） and the reduction of mature blood cells in peripheral blood caused by ionizing irradiation, resulting in the shortening of the survival time and significant decrease of the survival rate of mice exposed to lethal dose radiation.

The Protective Effects of Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Polymethoxyflavones on Mice Irradiation-Induced Intestinal Injury.

Sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) is one of the biological sources of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), which are often used to deal with gastrointestinal diseases. The intestine is highly sensitive to irradiation damage. However, limited certain cures have been released for irradiation-induced gastrointestinal injury, and the potentials of sour orange PMFs as radio-resistance agents have not been fully discussed yet. The present study aims to (1) investigate the PMF components in 12 sour orange cultivars, (2) determine the protective effects of PMFs on irradiation-induced intestinal injury by treating mice that received 12 Gy abdominal irradiation with different doses of PMFs and observing the changes in organ indexes and pathological sections and (3) test cytotoxicity of PMFs by CCK-8 method. The results showed that sour orange PMFs appeared to have high intraspecies similarity. Besides, PMFs protected mice from irradiation-induced injury by alleviating body weight loss, reliving organ index changing and maintaining the intestinal structure. Finally, IC50 concentrations to cell line CCD 841 CoN of PMFs and nobiletin were calculated as 42.23 µg/mL and 51.58 µg/mL, respectively. Our study uncovered PMF contents in 12 sour orange materials and determined the protective effects on irradiation-induced intestinal injuries, providing guidance for the utilization of sour orange resources.

COMORBID INTERNAL DISEASES IN MILITARY SERVANTS WHO HAVE SENSED THE EXPOSURE OF EXTREME FACTORS OF MILITARY SERVICE. / KOMORBIDNI VNUTRIShNI ZAKhVORIuVANNIa U VIIS'KOVOSLUZhBOVTsIV, IaKI ZAZNALY VPLYVU EKSTREMAL'NYKh FAKTORIV VIIS'KOVOÏ SLUZhBY.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze comorbid pathology by methods of its quantitative assessment in servicemen exposed toextreme factors of military service (a set of factors of radiation accidents, the influence of modern armed conflictsand modern combat trauma without blood loss). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies of comorbid pathology were performed in 613 servicemen who were treated at theclinical base of the Ukrainian Military Medical Academy (UMMA) in National Military Medical Clinical Center «MainMilitary Clinical Hospital¼ NMMCC «MMCH¼ during 1989-2018 years. Soldiers who suffered from acute radiation sick-ness (ARS) in 1961 (n = 34), participants in the liquidation of the consequences of the Chornobyl catastrophe(PLCChC) 15 years after participating in the elimination of its consequences and in a later period (respectivelyPLCChC 1st group (n = 59) and the 2nd group (n = 337)). Soldiers are participants in the anti-terrorist operation(ATO)/Combined Forces (CFO) operation who did not receive modern combat injuries with blood loss (participants inthe ATO/CFO, n = 183). All servicemen did not have any diseases limiting their fitness capabilities for military serv-ice before being exposed to extreme factors of military service. A cumulative CIRS scale was used to comprehensive-ly assess comorbidity. RESULTS: With increasing time after participation in the elimination of the consequences of radiation accidents, thecourse of arterial hypertension (AH) is aggravated, but the dose-dependence of the severity of AH on the receivedradiation dose has not been established. The easier course of hypertension in ATO/CFO servicemen compared to ARSremote servicemen and group 2 PLCChC servicemen can be explained by their younger age at the time of the surveyand less time after exposure to extreme military service factors. In the military in the remote period after exposureto a complex of factors of radiation accidents, the frequency of diagnosing diseases by individual organs and bodysystem increases comparing to non-irradiated servicemen. The total number of disease severity scores on the cumu-lative scale of CIRS diseases is also higher. However, a dose-dependent effect of the severity of comorbid patholo-gy was also not found. These data indicate a higher prevalence of comorbid pathology in servicemen affected by acomplex of factors of radiation accf5idents, compared with participants in the anti-terrorist operation / environ-mental protection. However, the lower severity of comorbid pathology in ATO/CFO participants can also be explainedby their younger age at the time of the survey and less time after exposure to extreme factors of military service. CONCLUSIONS: For servicemen, with increasing time after participation in the elimination of the consequences ofradiation accidents, the course of hypertension without its dose dependence becomes more difficult. The total num-ber of disease severity scores on the cumulative scale of CIRS diseases in servicemen in the remote period after participation in the elimination of the consequences of radiation accidents is higher than in non-irradiated service-men. However, a dose-dependent effect of the severity of comorbid pathology was also not found.

CYTOGENETIC INDICATORS OF ACUTE RADIATION SICKNESS (THE CHORNOBYL EXPERIENCE). / TsYTOGENETYChNI POKAZNYKY GOSTROÏ PROMENEVOÏ KhVOROBY (ChORNOBYL'S'KYI DOSVID).

The objective of the study was to improve the biological dosimetry approach among patients with acute radiationsickness of various degrees based on the analysis of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in peripheral bloodlymphocytes of the victims. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was based on primary cytogenetic data obtained in May 1986 within examina-tion of the 30 clean-up workers («liquidators¼) having got stage I-III acute radiation sickness. Dose verificationwas performed using the cytogenetic dosimetry based on a culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes with metaphaseanalysis of chromosome aberrations. RESULTS: A new method of evaluating the results of patients' cytogenetic examination at the beginning of specifictherapy has been developed. Procedure was performed using a model of multiple linear regression (complex of cyto-genetic parameters) and provided a satisfactory diagnostic level (featuring a compliance with initially definedclinical and laboratory diagnoses). Overall frequency of the aberrant cells and radiation markers increased in high-er disease stages. There was a trend of the frequency growth of chromatid-type aberrations with increasing of radi-ation burden. Adequacy of the proposed method based on the regression analysis of cytogenetic results was con-firmed through the preservation of group differences in estimates of disease stage in subjects with verified diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Cytogenetic dosimetry in the scope of examination of persons exposed to ionizing radiation is an oblig-atory component of radiation sickness stage verification. The recommended method of cytogenetic data evaluationbefore and at the beginning of detoxification therapy provides a satisfactory level of diagnostics.

Estimation of radiation-induced health hazards from a "dirty bomb" attack with radiocesium under different assault and rescue conditions.

In the case of a terrorist attack by a "dirty bomb", blast injuries, external irradiation and the incorporation of radioactivity are to be expected. Departing from information about the radiological attack scenario with cesium-137 in the U.S. National Scenario Planning Guide, we estimated the radiological doses absorbed. Similar calculations were performed for a smaller plume size and a detonation in a subway. For conditions as described in the U.S. scenario, the committed effective dose amounted to a maximum of 848 mSv, even for very unfavorable conditions. Red bone marrow equivalent doses are insufficient to induce acute radiation sickness (ARS). In the case of a smaller plume size, the ARS threshold may be exceeded in some cases. In a subway bombing, doses are much higher and the occurrence of ARS should be expected. The health hazards from a dirty bomb attack will depend on the location and the explosive device. The derived Haddon matrix indicates that preparing for such an event includes education of all the medical staff about radiation effects, the time lines of radiation damages and the treatment priorities. Further determinants of the outcome include rapid evacuation even from difficult locations, the availability of a specific triage tool to rapidly identify victims at risk for ARS, the availability of an antidote stockpile and dedicated hospital beds to treat seriously irradiated victims.

Role of Glutathione Peroxidases and Peroxiredoxins in Free Radical-Induced Pathologies.

In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of some socially significant diseases associated with the development of oxidative stress, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and radiation sickness, as well as the possibilities of the therapeutic application of low-molecular-weight natural and synthetic antioxidants for the correction of free radical-induced pathologies. The main focus of this review is the role of two phylogenetically close families of hydroperoxide-reducing antioxidant enzymes peroxiredoxins and glutathione peroxidases - in counteracting oxidative stress. We also present examples of the application of exogenous recombinant antioxidant enzymes as therapeutic agents in the treatment of pathologies associated with free-radical processes and discuss the prospects of the therapeutic use of exogenous antioxidant enzymes, as well as the ways to improve their therapeutic properties.

[Analysis on the status of occupational health of medical radiation workers in China in 2019].

Objective: To grasp the occupational health monitoring of radiation workers in medical institutions across the country, and to discover weak links in the prevention and treatment of occupational radiation diseases. Methods: In 2020 January, according to the monitoring data of the "National Radiation Health Information Platform" (Occupational Radiation Disease and Occupational Health Monitoring Subsystem and Occupational Radiation Disease Reporting Subsystem) , the national occupational health monitoring data from January 1 to December 31, 2019, including the number of radiation workers in medical institutions, occupational health examinations, personal dose monitoring and occupational radiation disease diagnosis, were descriptive analyzed. Results: There were a total of 394436 radiation workers in medical institutions across the country. The number of radiation workers in various provinces was quite different, with a median of 10206, which was positively correlated with the number of permanent residents in each province (r=0.947) . There were 376 personal dose monitoring institutions nationwide, and the personal dose monitoring rate of radiation workers in medical institutions was 96.61% (381045/394436) . There were 419 occupational health inspection institutions for radiation workers across the country, and 269 (64.20%) used software to print physical examination forms. A total of 334455 radiation workers in medical institutions had been subjected to occupational health examinations. The rate of occupational health examinations for radiation workers in medical institutions was 84.79% (334455/394436) . The abnormal rate of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of radiation workers in medical institutions was 0.33% (776/233571) , the detection rate of posterior posterior subcapsular turbidity was 0.63% (2093/334455) , and the abnormality rate of thyroid color ultrasound was 28.49% (14946/52464) . In 2019, a total of 16 cases of occupational radiation diseases were reported. Conclusion: The personal dose monitoring rate and occupational health examination rate of medical radiation workers nationwide are relatively high, but the quality of lymphocyte chromosome aberration analysis, eye lens examination and thyroid color photograph examination needs to be further improved.

Ionizing radiation induces ferroptosis in granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells of murine bone marrow.

Purpose: To study whether radiation-induced bleeding in the bone marrow induced iron accumulation, and subsequently caused ferroptosis in granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells.Materials and methods: Male mice were subjected to different doses (0, 4, 8, or 10 Gy) of gamma radiation from a 137Cs source. The changes in iron metabolism or ferroptosis-related parameters of irradiated bone marrow were accessed with biochemical, histopathological, and antibody methods. Hematocytes were detected with a hematology analyzer. The counts of granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells were measured with the granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit.Results: Iron accumulation occurred in the bone marrow, which caused by radiation-induced hemorrhage. The iron accumulation triggered an iron regulatory protein-ferroportin 1 axis to increase serum iron levels. Using LDN193189, radiation-induced iron accumulation was demonstrated to decrease white blood cell counts at least partly through a decrease in the counts of granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells. The reduction in the counts of granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells was subsequently demonstrated to attribute to ferroptosis with the use of ferroptosis inhibitors and through the detection of ferroptosis related-parameters. The survival rate of irradiated mice was improved using Ferrostatin-1 or LDN193189.Conclusions: These findings suggest that radiation-induced hemorrhage in the bone marrow causes ferroptosis in granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells, and anti-ferroptosis has the potential to be a radioprotective strategy to ameliorate radiation-induced hematopoietic injury.

Crucial moments in Czechoslovak radiobiology history.

If we consider the development of any specialization in our region in an historical context, we cannot separate the Czech and Slovak Republics. The 75 years together (with the exception of 1939-1945) were a period of narrow cooperation between Czech and Slovak Universities and Scientific Institutes, and Radiobiology is no exception, which is why the discussion falls to Czechoslovak Radiobiology, as opposed to Czech Radiobiology alone. Czechoslovak Radiobiology has gone through three important stages in its history, influenced also by international political-military situations. Here it is necessary to emphasize that the results obtained by Czechoslovak Radiobiology were and are comparable with foreign institutions. The first period, which dates back to 1895-1939, represents the initial discovery period of the mechanism and consequences of ionizing radiation on the body. The second period in 1939-1990 is considered to be the phase of peaceful uses of nuclear energy, their misuse for military purposes, along with detailed studies of radiation sickness and radiation protection, the majority of the results which were kept secret and could not be published at the time. The third period after 1990 is dedicated to the detailed study of post-radiation changes at the intracellular level with the aim to be used especially in radiotherapy and radiation protection, as well as the dangers of misuse of ionizing radiation by terrorists. Increased attention is also devoted to the effect of ionizing radiation on plants and their possible subsequent use.

CLINICAL TYPES OF CATARACTS IN A LONG-TERM PERIOD AFTER ACUTE RADIATION SICKNESS. / KLINIChNI RIZNOVYDY KATARAKTY U VIDDALENOMU PERIODI PISLIa PERENESENOÏ GOSTROÏ PROMENEVOÏ KhVOROBY.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the clinical types of cataracts in the remote period after acute radiation sickness (ARS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty four - thirty three years after the emergency exposure, a complete ophthalmolog- ic examination of 53 reconvalescents of ARS conducted. The average age of patients at the time of the examination was (64.6 ± 1.2) years, the average radiation dose of the examined patients was (2.39 ± 0.17) Gy. Ophthalmologic examination included visometry with and without correction, tonometry, autorefractokeratometry, biomicroscopy on a slit lamp, retroillumination photography (infrared and color) of a lens. To evaluate the results of surveys used statistical methods: calculation of average values of quantitative indicators, estimation of probability difference by Student's method. RESULTS: In 10 patients (17 eyes) of the 53 reconvalescents of ARS in the remote period after irradiation artifakia after surgical treatment was recognized. In all other patients, changes in the transparency of the lens were detect- ed, and most patients had combined changes. Radiation cataract with it's characteristic clinical picture was detect- ed in 32 people, and in one more case, it's first signs were recorded. But 14 reconvalescents of ARS in the remote period after irradiation had not radiation cataract. CONCLUSIONS: Radiation cataract has not been detected in 14 reconvalescents of ARS in the remote period after irra- diation; the radiation doses of these patients significantly exceeds the threshold levels. Therefore, the absence of it's signs in the remote period in individuals exposed to doses above 2 Gy may indicate that this well-known radia- tion-induced effect is stochastic. Further analysis of the clinical features of the len's pathology in the reconvales- cents of ARS is promising for the study of the mechanism of damage to the lens in this category of victims of the Chornobyl accident.

Introduction to national occupational radiation disease reporting system / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective@#To establish the national occupational radiation disease reporting system and learn about the incidence of occupational radiation sickness in radiation workers.@*Methods@#In accordance with the relevant regulations, standards and literatures available in China, the system was designed and implemented to survey the requirements of diagnosis institutions of occupational radiation sickness and administrative departments.@*Results@#The system was initially established with expectant functions. The system functional modules consisted of case reporting, case information enquiry, statistical analysis and system management. The diagnosis institutions of occupational radiation sickness had used the system to report the cases diagnosed in 2017.@*Conclusions@#The system achieved the standardized case reporting for the institutions of occupational radiation sickness, and provided scientific data for the health surveillance of radiation workers and decisions of governments.

Introduction to national occupational radiation disease reporting system / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To establish the national occupational radiation disease reporting system and learn about the incidence of occupational radiation sickness in radiation workers. Methods In accordance with the relevant regulations, standards and literatures available in China, the system was designed and implemented to survey the requirements of diagnosis institutions of occupational radiation sickness and administrative departments. Results The system was initially established with expectant functions. The system functional modules consisted of case reporting, case information enquiry, statistical analysis and system management. The diagnosis institutions of occupational radiation sickness had used the system to report the cases diagnosed in 2017. Conclusions The system achieved the standardized case reporting for the institutions of occupational radiation sickness, and provided scientific data for the health surveillance of radiation workers and decisions of governments.