ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different forms (powder, pellet, and coated pellet) of red ginseng marc (RGM) and fermented red koji (FRK) feed additive on the blood parameters and fatty acid (FA) profiles of laying hens, after two months of dietary supplementation. A number of 240 40-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were randomly designated to four dietary treatments, each with six replicates of 10 hens each, in a completely randomized design. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the other three treatments groups were fed 1% RGM powder mixed with FRK, pellets of 1% RGM with FRK, and coated pellets of 1% RGM with FRK. The powder and coated pellet diets contained the lowest total cholesterol and glucose levels, respectively, whereas the coated pellet diet contained the highest HDL cholesterol level, compared to the basal diet of the control group. For FA profiles, significant differences (p 0.05) were observed among the groups with regard to the percentages of myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, margaroleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, a-linolenic acid, eicosenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Moreover, addition of different forms of the RGM and FRK blend to the hens diets showed an increase (p 0.05) in the relative percentages of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and the UFA: SFA ratio and a decrease (p 0.05) in the relative percentages of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the egg yolk, compared to the control group. In conclusion, dietary coated pellets of RGM and FRK as a feed additive blend had a beneficial effect on serum cholesterol and FA profiles in laying hens.
Subject(s)
Animals , Food Additives , Chickens/blood , Reference Standards , Panax , Fatty Acids , Blood Chemical Analysis/veterinaryABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different forms (powder, pellet, and coated pellet) of red ginseng marc (RGM) and fermented red koji (FRK) feed additive on the blood parameters and fatty acid (FA) profiles of laying hens, after two months of dietary supplementation. A number of 240 40-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were randomly designated to four dietary treatments, each with six replicates of 10 hens each, in a completely randomized design. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the other three treatments groups were fed 1% RGM powder mixed with FRK, pellets of 1% RGM with FRK, and coated pellets of 1% RGM with FRK. The powder and coated pellet diets contained the lowest total cholesterol and glucose levels, respectively, whereas the coated pellet diet contained the highest HDL cholesterol level, compared to the basal diet of the control group. For FA profiles, significant differences (p 0.05) were observed among the groups with regard to the percentages of myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, margaroleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, a-linolenic acid, eicosenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Moreover, addition of different forms of the RGM and FRK blend to the hens diets showed an increase (p 0.05) in the relative percentages of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and the UFA: SFA ratio and a decrease (p 0.05) in the relative percentages of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the egg yolk, compared to the control group. In conclusion, dietary coated pellets of RGM and FRK as a feed additive blend had a beneficial effect on serum cholesterol and FA profiles in laying hens.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Panax , Food Additives , Fatty Acids , Chickens/blood , Reference Standards , Blood Chemical Analysis/veterinaryABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different forms (powder, pellet, and coated pellet) of red ginseng marc (RGM) and fermented red koji (FRK) feed additive on the blood parameters and fatty acid (FA) profiles of laying hens, after two months of dietary supplementation. A number of 240 40-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were randomly designated to four dietary treatments, each with six replicates of 10 hens each, in a completely randomized design. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the other three treatments groups were fed 1% RGM powder mixed with FRK, pellets of 1% RGM with FRK, and coated pellets of 1% RGM with FRK. The powder and coated pellet diets contained the lowest total cholesterol and glucose levels, respectively, whereas the coated pellet diet contained the highest HDL cholesterol level, compared to the basal diet of the control group. For FA profiles, significant differences (p 0.05) were observed among the groups with regard to the percentages of myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, margaroleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, a-linolenic acid, eicosenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Moreover, addition of different forms of the RGM and FRK blend to the hens diets showed an increase (p 0.05) in the relative percentages of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and the UFA: SFA ratio and a decrease (p 0.05) in the relative percentages of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the egg yolk, compared to the control group. In conclusion, dietary coated pellets of RGM and FRK as a feed additive blend had a beneficial effect on serum cholesterol and FA profiles in laying hens.
ABSTRACT
In this study, 240 one-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks (160 males and 80 females) were randomly allocated in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates. Broilers were fed from hatching to 28 d of age four diets: a basal diet (control), 2% red ginseng marc, 1% fermented red ginseng marc with red koji, and 2% liquid red ginseng. Growth performance and fatty acid profiles in broiler were evaluated. Supplementing diets with different types of red ginseng did have significant effects (p 0.05) on initial body weight, due to differences in the birth weights of birds, including weight gain, and mortality. However, no significant differences between the treatments (p>0.05) were found for final body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion. In addition, supplementing broiler diets with different types of red ginseng did not significantly influence (p>0.05) fatty acid profiles in either breast or thigh meats. We concluded that growth performance (weight gain and mortality) was most enhanced in diets supplemented with 1% fermented red ginseng powder combined with red koji. (AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Panax/administration & dosage , Panax/physiology , Plants, Medicinal/physiology , Chickens/growth & development , Food Additives/analysis , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Nutrition Programs , Meat Industry , Animal Husbandry/methods , Weight Gain , Mortality , EfficiencyABSTRACT
In this study, 240 one-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks (160 males and 80 females) were randomly allocated in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates. Broilers were fed from hatching to 28 d of age four diets: a basal diet (control), 2% red ginseng marc, 1% fermented red ginseng marc with red koji, and 2% liquid red ginseng. Growth performance and fatty acid profiles in broiler were evaluated. Supplementing diets with different types of red ginseng did have significant effects (p 0.05) on initial body weight, due to differences in the birth weights of birds, including weight gain, and mortality. However, no significant differences between the treatments (p>0.05) were found for final body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion. In addition, supplementing broiler diets with different types of red ginseng did not significantly influence (p>0.05) fatty acid profiles in either breast or thigh meats. We concluded that growth performance (weight gain and mortality) was most enhanced in diets supplemented with 1% fermented red ginseng powder combined with red koji.
Subject(s)
Animals , Food Additives/analysis , Chickens/growth & development , Panax/administration & dosage , Panax/physiology , Plants, Medicinal/physiology , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Weight Gain , Animal Husbandry/methods , Efficiency , Meat Industry , Mortality , Nutrition ProgramsABSTRACT
We assessed the effects of supplementing broiler diets with a combination of fermented red ginseng marc powder and red-koji on thigh meat quality of broiler chick during storage. Broilers (n = 120) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control or treatment with 1% fermented red ginseng marc combined with red-koji. There were four replicates per group, each comprising 15 birds (10 male and 5 female). Neither the dietary supplementation group nor the number of storage days had a significant (p > 0.05) effect on meat pH. However, TBARS, a measure of lipid oxidation, was significantly affected (p 0.05) by both the number of storage days and the dietary supplementation, with reduced TBARS activity noted in the treatment group after 7 days of storage. There was no significant impact (p > 0.05) on the lightness (L*) of meat in group after 1 and 7 day of storage (included T1 group), or redness (a*) of meat in group at 1 through 7 days of storage, whereas the yellowness (b*) of meat in both groups increased significantly (p 0.05) with an increase in storage duration. Our results suggest that supplementing broiler diets with fermented red ginseng marc combined red-koji powder does not affect meat color, even after storage. We conclude that dietary supplementation with 1% fermented red ginseng powder combined with red-koji can reduce lipid oxidation in broiler thigh
Avaliamos os efeitos de dietas de frango de corte suplementadas por pó de ginseng vermelho fermentado e koji vermelho sobre a qualidade de coxa de frango de corte durante armazenamento. Os frangos de corte (n = 120) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, controle e tratamento com 1% ginseng vermelho fermentado acrescentado de koji vermelho, com quatro repetições por grupo, cada qual com 15 aves (10 machos e 5 fêmeas). Não houve efeitos significativos (p > 0.05) sobre pH da carne no grupo com suplementação nem no número de dias de armazenamento. TBARS, a medida de oxidação de lipídios, foi afetada significantemente (p 0.05) sobre a brancura (L*) da carne após 1 e 7 dias de armazenamento (inclusive grupo T1), ou cor vermelha (a*) na carne no grupo entre 1 e 7 dias de armazenamento, enquanto a cor amarela (b*) da carne nos dois grupos aumentou significantemente (p < 0.05) com o aumento do período de armazenamento. Os resultados sugerem que as dietas suplementadas por ginseng vermelho fermentado e pó de koji vermelho não alteram a cor da carne após armazenamento. Podemos concluir que a suplementação dietária com 1% de ginseng vermelho fermentado e pó de koji vermelho pode reduzir a oxidação de lipídios na carne da coxa de frangos de corte após 7 dias de armazenamento.
Subject(s)
Animals , Food, Fortified/analysis , Food, Fortified/adverse effects , Meat/analysis , Chickens/metabolism , PanaxABSTRACT
We assessed the effects of supplementing broiler diets with a combination of fermented red ginseng marc powder and red-koji on thigh meat quality of broiler chick during storage. Broilers (n = 120) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control or treatment with 1% fermented red ginseng marc combined with red-koji. There were four replicates per group, each comprising 15 birds (10 male and 5 female). Neither the dietary supplementation group nor the number of storage days had a significant (p > 0.05) effect on meat pH. However, TBARS, a measure of lipid oxidation, was significantly affected (p 0.05) by both the number of storage days and the dietary supplementation, with reduced TBARS activity noted in the treatment group after 7 days of storage. There was no significant impact (p > 0.05) on the lightness (L*) of meat in group after 1 and 7 day of storage (included T1 group), or redness (a*) of meat in group at 1 through 7 days of storage, whereas the yellowness (b*) of meat in both groups increased significantly (p 0.05) with an increase in storage duration. Our results suggest that supplementing broiler diets with fermented red ginseng marc combined red-koji powder does not affect meat color, even after storage. We conclude that dietary supplementation with 1% fermented red ginseng powder combined with red-koji can reduce lipid oxidation in broiler thigh(AU)
Avaliamos os efeitos de dietas de frango de corte suplementadas por pó de ginseng vermelho fermentado e koji vermelho sobre a qualidade de coxa de frango de corte durante armazenamento. Os frangos de corte (n = 120) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, controle e tratamento com 1% ginseng vermelho fermentado acrescentado de koji vermelho, com quatro repetições por grupo, cada qual com 15 aves (10 machos e 5 fêmeas). Não houve efeitos significativos (p > 0.05) sobre pH da carne no grupo com suplementação nem no número de dias de armazenamento. TBARS, a medida de oxidação de lipídios, foi afetada significantemente (p < 0.05) pelo número de dias de armazenamento e pela suplementação, com decréscimo de TBARS no grupo tratamento após 7 dias de armazenamento. Não houve impacto significante (p > 0.05) sobre a brancura (L*) da carne após 1 e 7 dias de armazenamento (inclusive grupo T1), ou cor vermelha (a*) na carne no grupo entre 1 e 7 dias de armazenamento, enquanto a cor amarela (b*) da carne nos dois grupos aumentou significantemente (p < 0.05) com o aumento do período de armazenamento. Os resultados sugerem que as dietas suplementadas por ginseng vermelho fermentado e pó de koji vermelho não alteram a cor da carne após armazenamento. Podemos concluir que a suplementação dietária com 1% de ginseng vermelho fermentado e pó de koji vermelho pode reduzir a oxidação de lipídios na carne da coxa de frangos de corte após 7 dias de armazenamento.(AU)