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1.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30097162

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To characterize laryngo-pharyngeal reflux (LPR) in patients over 60 years of age. METHODS: Retrospective review of patients over 60 years of age with symptoms suspicious of LPR, seen from 2005 to 2014 at an ENT Department of an academic hospital. Eighty-five consecutive patients (54 females, 31 males) who had completed a dual-sensor 24-hour pH-metry were included (considered "gold-standard" in LPR diagnosis). Body mass index, and reflux information and interventions were revised. pH-metries were evaluated according to DeMeester & Johnson's criteria. Symptoms were assessed according to the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and classified as abnormal if score was ≥13. A naso-fibro-laryngoscopy enabled findings to be documented according to the Reflux Finding Score (RFS), and they were classified as abnormal if the score was ≥7. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 67 years. A positive pH-metry was present in 70 patients (82.5%). Fifty patients (59%) had abnormal body mass index, and almost 90% of them had an abnormal pH-metry. Mean RSI score was 9.8, with abnormal results in 24 patients (28%). Only 20 patients (23%) with abnormal RSI had a positive pH-metry. Posterior commissure hypertrophy was the most common finding (90% of patients). Mean RFS score was 9.07, with abnormal results in 69 patients (81%). Sixty-one patients (70%) with abnormal RFS had a positive pH-metry. Only 18 patients (20%) had coincidental abnormal pH-metry, RSI, and RFS. CONCLUSIONS: In ageing patients, abnormal body mass index is strongly associated with abnormal pH-metry. RSI is a weak indicator of LPR, whereas RFS has a moderate value.


Subject(s)
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/diagnosis , Symptom Assessment , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Endoscopy , Female , Hernia, Hiatal/diagnosis , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/drug therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors
2.
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: biblio-1096895

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El reflujo faringolaríngeo. Se origina por el flujo retrógrado de contenido gástrico hacia la faringe, pero existen factores, capaces de perpetuarlo: disfunción del esfínter esofágico, tiempo de exposición y sensibilidad del tejido al material refluido, estos elementos permiten considerar al reflujo faringolaríngeo como una entidad diferente del reflujo gastroesofágico. OBJETIVO: Encontrar una correlación entre los signos endoscópicos de pacientes con síntomas por reflujo gastroesofágico y reflujo faringolaringeo a través de los hallazgos de la fibrolaringoscopía flexible y video endoscopia digestiva alta. Además de identificar la distribución epidemiológica de los pacientes participantes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y analítico. Se incluyeron pacientes que consultaron al servicio de Otorrinolaringología y Gastroenterología de la Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola Córdoba Argentina, por sintomatología de reflujo faringolaríngeo y gastroesofágico. Entre mayo/2016 y mayo/2017. Los hallazgos de reflujo faringolaríngeo por fibrolaringoscopía flexible y de esofagitis por video endoscopia digestiva alta de cada paciente se compararon con la prueba de Chi cuadrado. Se consideró significativo un valor de p ≤0.05. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 49 pacientes entre 7 y 80 años; de éstos, el 45% son de género masculino, y 55% femenino. El 100% de los pacientes presentaron criterios fibrolaringoscópicos diagnósticos de reflujo faringolaríngeo, por el contrario, la video endoscopia digestiva alta mostró que solo el 55% de los pacientes tenían signos de esofagitis (p= 0.24). CONCLUSIONES: En este estudio, no se observó una correlación diagnóstica entre los signos de la fibrolaringoscopía y video endoscopia digestiva alta en relación al diagnóstico de reflujo faringolaríngeo y esofagitis. No se encontró una diferencia entre ambos géneros y los signos de reflujo faringolaríngeo y esofagitis. La frecuencia de las manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas del reflujo faringolaríngeo se relaciona directamente con el incremento de la edad; sobre todo, la cuarta década de la vida. (AU)


OBJECTIVE: Find a correlation between the endoscopic signs of patients with symptoms due to gastroesophagic reflux and faringolaryngeal reflux through the findings of fiber-optic laryngoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In addition, identify the epidemiological distribution of the participant's patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective and analytical study of patients who have consulted the service of Otorhinolaryngology and Gastroenterology of the Reina Fabiola University Clinic, due to symptomatology of pharyngolaryngeal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux. Between May/2016 and May/2017. The findings of pharyngolaryngeal reflux by fiber-optic laryngoscopy and esophagitis by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy of each patient were compared with the Chi square test. A value of p ≤0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: We included 49 patients between 7 and 80 years old; 45% of them were male and 55% were female. 100% of the patients had fiber-optic laryngoscopy diagnostic criteria of pharyngolaryngeal reflux. In contrast, upper digestive endoscopy showed that only 55% of the patients had signs of esophagitis (p = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, wasn´t observed a diagnostic correlation between the signs of fiber-optic laryngoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in relation to the diagnosis of pharyngolaryngeal reflux and esophagitis. We did not find a difference between both genders and signs of esophageal pharyngolaryngeal reflux. The frequency of otorhinolaryngological manifestations of pharyngolaryngeal reflux is directly related to the increase in age. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnostic imaging , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods , Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/diagnostic imaging , Esophagitis, Peptic/diagnostic imaging , Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology , Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/epidemiology
3.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28522132

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) is a disease characterized by the presence of symptoms, signs and tissue damage caused by retrograde flow of gastric contents to the upper aerodigestive tract. It represents up to 10% of otolaryngology consultations. The aim of the study is to describe the findings obtained by applying the salivary pepsin test (PEP-test) in a sample of patients with the clinical suspicion of LPR. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our descriptive clinical study included 142 subjects with symptoms suggestive of LPR and a score above 13 on the RSI scale. The subjects underwent laryngeal endoscopy to rule out other pathologies that could justify the symptoms and the salivary pepsin test (PEP-test). The latter was carried out on fasting subjects and a second test one hour after eating, only on those with negative results. RESULTS: The results obtained in the tests performed on the 142 patients included in the study were: 105 (73.94%) presented positive results in some of the salivary pepsin tests and the results of both tests were negative in 37 subjects (26.06%). CONCLUSION: The salivary pepsin test is a simple, low-cost, non-invasive and easily repeatable tool which could minimize empirical treatments and invasive tests for LPR diagnosis, although further research is needed for its validation.


Subject(s)
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/diagnosis , Pepsin A/analysis , Saliva/chemistry , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
4.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 77(4): 456-466, dic. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-902803

ABSTRACT

La tos ocurre por la compleja acción del arco de la tos. En condiciones normales es esencial para proteger la vía aérea. Es un síntoma muy frecuente, con un gran número de etiologías posibles. El enfrentamiento diagnóstico de los pacientes con tos crónica, puede resultar un desafío diagnóstico. Deben considerarse las patologías más prevalentes, que incluyen el reflujo faringolaríngeo y la descarga posterior: ambas condiciones que son parte del área otorrinolaringológica. En el presente artículo de revisión se pretende entregar un enfoque actualizado de su enfrentamiento y manejo, con la finalidad de aportar información que resulte relevante para la práctica clínica diaria.


Cough occurs due to the complex action of the coughing arch. Under normal conditions it is essential to protect the airway. It is a very frequent symptom with a large of possible etiologies. The diagnosis process of patients with chronic cough can be a challenge. The most prevalent pathologies must be considered. Thus includes pharyngolaryngeal reflux and posterior discharge: both conditions that are part of the otorhinolaryngolocical area. In the present article review, we pretend to provide an updated approach and management to this condition, in order to asses relevant information to daily clinical practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cough/diagnosis , Cough/etiology , Otolaryngology , Chronic Disease , Cough/physiopathology , Cough/therapy , Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/complications
5.
Rev. Fed. Argent. Soc. Otorrinolaringol ; 24(3): 23-27, 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-908160

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el reflujo faringolaríngeo se origina por el flujo retrógrado de contenido gástrico hacia la faringe, pero existen factores capaces de perpetuarlo: disfunción del esfínter esofágico, tiempo de exposición y sensibilidad del tejido al material refluido, estos elementos permiten considerar al reflujo faringolaríngeo como una entidad diferente del reflujo gastroesofágico. Material y método: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y analítico. Se incluyeron pacientes que consultaron al servicio de Otorrinolaringología y Gastroenterología de la Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola Córdoba Argentina, por sintomatología de reflujo faringolaríngeo y gastroesofágico. Entre mayo/2016 y mayo/2017. Los hallazgos de reflujo faringolaríngeo por fibrolaringoscopía flexible y de esofagitis por videoendoscopía digestiva alta de cada paciente se compararon con la prueba de Chi cuadrado. Se consideró significativo un valor de p ≤0,05. Resultados: Se incluyeron 49 pacientes entre 7 y 80 años; de éstos, el 45% son de género masculino, y 55% femenino. El 100% de los pacientes presentaron criterios fibrolaringoscópicos diagnósticos de reflujo faringolaríngeo; por el contrario, la videoendoscopía digestiva alta mostró que solo el 55% de los pacientes tenían signos de esofagitis (p= 0,24). Conclusiones: En este estudio no se observó una correlación diagnóstica entre los signos de la fibrolaringoscopía y videoendoscopía digestiva alta en relación al diagnóstico de reflujo faringolaríngeo y esofagitis. No se encontró una diferencia entre ambos géneros y los signos de reflujo faringolaríngeo y esofagitis. La frecuencia de las manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas del reflujo faringolaríngeo se relaciona directamente con el incremento de la edad; sobre todo, la cuarta década de la vida.


Introduction: pharyngolaryngeal reflux. Its etiology, the retrograde flow of gastric contents towards the pharynx would be the origin, but there are factors, capable of perpetuating it: dysfunction of the esophageal sphincter, time of exposure and sensitivity of the tissue to the refluxed material, which allows pharyngolaryngeal reflux to be considered as a different entity from gastroesophageal reflux. Material and method: Observational, retrospective and analytical study of patients who have consulted the service of Otorhinolaryngology and Gastroenterology of the Reina Fabiola University Clinic, due to symptomatology of pharyngolaryngeal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux. Between May/2016 and May/2017. The findings of pharyngolaryngeal reflux by fiber-optic laryngoscopy and esophagitis by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy of each patient were compared with the Chi square test. A value of p ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: We included 49 patients between 7 and 80 years old; 45% of them were male and 55% were female. 100% of the patients had fiber-optic laryngoscopy diagnostic criteria of pharyngolaryngeal reflux. In contrast, upper digestive endoscopy showed that only 55% of the patients had signs of esophagitis (p = 0.24). Conclusions: In this study, wasn´t observed a diagnostic correlation between the signs of fiber-optic laryngoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in relation to the diagnosis of pharyngolaryngeal reflux and esophagitis. We did not find a difference between both genders and signs of esophageal pharyngolaryngeal reflux. The frequency of otorhinolaryngological manifestations of pharyngolaryngeal reflux is directly related to the increase in age.


Introdução: o refluxo faringolaríngeo. Sua etiologia é o fluxo retrógrado de conteúdo gástrico para a faringe, mas existem fatores capazes de perpetuá- lo: disfunção do esfíncter esofágico, tempo de exposição e sensibilidade do tecido ao material refluído, o que permite considerar o refluxo faringolaríngeo como uma entidade diferente do refluxo gastroesofágico. Material e métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo e analítico de amostra de pacientes que consultaram o serviço de Otorrinolaringologia e Gastroenterologia da Clínica Universitária Reina Fabiola, devido à sintomatologia de refluxo faringolaríngeo e refluxo gastroesofágico, entre maio/2016 e maio/2017. Os achados do refluxo faringolaríngeo por fibrolaringoscopia flexível e esofagite por endoscopia digestiva alta de cada paciente foram comparados com o teste do chi-quadrado. Um valor de p ≤ 0,05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: Foram estudados 49 pacientes entre 7 e 80 anos; destes, 45% do sexo masculino e 55% do sexo feminino. 100% os pacientes apresentavam critérios fibrolaringoscópicos para refluxo faringolaríngeo. Em contraste, a endoscopia digestiva alta mostrou que apenas 55% dos pacientes apresentavam sinais de esofagite (p = 0,24). Conclusões: Neste estudo, não foi observada correlação diagnóstica entre os sinais de fibrolaringoscopia e endoscopia digestiva alta em relação ao diagnóstico de refluxo faringolaríngeo e esofagite. Não foi encontrada diferença entre os sexos e os sinais de refluxo faringoaríngeo e esofagite. A freqüência das manifestações otorrinolaringoló- gicas do refluxo faringolaríngeo está diretamente relacionada ao aumento de idade.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Laryngoscopy , Esophagitis , Gastroesophageal Reflux , Laryngitis , Laryngopharyngeal Reflux , Laryngitis/epidemiology
6.
GEN ; 70(2): 42-47, jun. 2016. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-785937

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el reflujo faríngolaríngeo y la ausencia de porción intra-abdominal del esfínter esofágico inferior. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico, prospectivo y de corte transversal evaluando 65 pacientes referidos a la consulta de Gastroenterología por la Consulta de Otorrinolaringología con el diagnóstico de reflujo faríngolaríngeo, del Centro Medico Docente La Trinidad en el período Enero 2013 a Noviembre 2014. Se les realizo interrogatorio evaluando síntomas típicos (regurgitación y pirosis) y síntomas atípicos (tos, carraspeo y disfonía), manometría y monitoreo del pH esofágico de 24 horas. Posteriormente se seleccionaron dos grupos a comparar: Grupo A con ausencia de porción intra-abdominal del esfínter esofágico inferior y grupo B con presencia de porción intra-abdominal del esfínter esofágico inferior. Resultados: Las variables: edad, sexo, síntomas típicos (pirosis, regurgitación), atípicos (tos, carraspeo, ronquera), presión del esfínter esofágico inferior y la motilidad del cuerpo esofágico no fueron significativas al compararse los grupos Grupo A N=17, y grupo B N=48. El monitoreo de pH esofágico de 24 horas fue estadísticamente significativo al compararse los grupos, evidenciándose que el grupo A tenía mayor porcentaje de resultados positivos para reflujos patológicos. Conclusión: La ausencia de porción intra-abdominal determinada por manometría esofágica se relaciona con la presencia de reflujos patológicos determinados por el monitoreo de pH esofágico de 24 horas, demostrando que esta puede ser un factor desencadenante de ERGE y por consiguiente de reflujo faríngolaríngeo.


Objetive: To determine the relationship between pharyngolaryngeal reflux and the absence of intra-abdominal portion of the lower esophageal sphincter. Materials and methods: Analitical, prospective study. Evaluating 65 patients referred to the consultation of the Gastroenterology from Consultation of the Otorhinolaryngology diagnosed with reflux pharyngolaryngeal of Medical Teaching Center La Trinidad period January 2013 to November 2014. They were interviewed to assess typical symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation) and atypical symptoms (cough, hawking and hoarseness), esophageal manometry and ambulatory 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring. Two groups were selected to compare: group A with no intra-abdominal portion of the lower esophageal sphincter and group B with presence of intra-abdominal portion of the sphincter upper esophageal. Results: The variables: age, gender, typical symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation) and atypical symptoms (cough, hawking and hoarseness), pressure of the lower esophageal sphinter and the motility of the esophagic body, they were not significant when compared groups. The ambulatory 24 hours esophageal pH monitoring was significant statistically when compared groups, demostrating that the group A had the highest percentage of positive results for pathological reflux. Conclusion: the absence of intra-abdominal portion determined by esophageal manometry is related to the presence of pathological reflux determined by ambulatory 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring, demonstrating that this can be a trigger factor of Gastroesophageal reflux disease and therefore pharyngolaryngeal reflux.

7.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 76(1): 7-14, abr. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-784877

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La laringitis fúngica es una patología poco planteada en pacientes inmunocompetentes, sin embargo se debería tener en consideración en el diagnóstico diferencial de leucoplaquias en estos pacientes, más aún con factores predisponentes como reflujo faringolaríngeo, tabaquismo crónico y/o uso de corticoides. Objetivo: Presentar una serie de casos de pacientes inmunocompetentes con diagnóstico clínico de laringitis fúngica y tratamiento antimicótico empírico. Describir la asociación con factores predisponentes claves. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó a 11 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de laringitis fúngica por correlación de la clínica, factores predisponentes y hallazgos en la videoestroboscopía laríngea (leucoplaquias múltiples en los pliegues vocales) sumado a la respuesta a tratamiento empírico con fluconazol oral. Se realizó además una revisión de la literatura disponible hasta el año 2015. Resultados: Todos los diagnósticos fueron clínicos correlacionando síntomas con hallazgo de leucoplaquias características en la laringe. El principal factor asociado fue el reflujo faringolaríngeo (91%) seguido por uso de corticoides (55%). Todos los pacientes fueron tratados con un esquema empírico de fluconazol oral por 14-21 días. El 100% de los pacientes respondió de forma exitosa al uso de este fármaco con remisión de los síntomas y de las lesiones laríngeas. Conclusión: El diagnóstico clínico y tratamiento con fluconazol oral como tratamiento de primera línea generarían buena tasa de respuesta, siempre que se correlacionen los síntomas y signos del paciente con los hallazgos encontrados en la laringe.


Introduction: The fungal laryngitis is an unusual disease in immunocompetent patients, however should take into consideration in the differential diagnosis of leukoplakias, especially in patients with predisposing factors such as pharyngolaryngeal reflux, use of inhaled, oral or intravenous corticosteroids. Aim: Describe a series of cases of fungal laryngitis in immunocompetent patients with clinical diagnosis and empirical antifungal treatment. In addition, finding the association with predisposing factors keys. Material and method: Retrospective study of 11 patients with diagnosis of fungal laryngitis according to clinical presentation, predisposing factors and findings in the laryngeal videostroboscopy (vocal folds leukoplakias) joined the response to empirical treatment with oral fluconazole. Also an extensive literature review was conducted until 2015. Results: The main predisposing factor was the pharyngolaryngeal reflux (91%) followed by use of corticosteroids (55%). All patients were treated empirically with fluconazole for 14-21 days. 100% of patients responded successfully, with remission of symptoms and laryngeal lesions. Conclusion: Clinical diagnosis and treatment with fluconazole as first-line treatment generate good response rate, provided that the patient's symptoms and signs with the findings in the larynx are correlated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Laryngitis/microbiology , Laryngitis/epidemiology , Vocal Cords , Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications , Fluconazole/therapeutic use , Laryngitis/immunology , Laryngitis/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Diabetes Complications , Immunocompetence
8.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 75(1): 61-66, abr. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-745621

ABSTRACT

El reflujo faringo laríngeo (RFL), es una causa común de morbilidad del tracto aerodigestivo superior. A pesar de su alta prevalencia, aún existe controversia respecto de la precisión diagnóstica de esta enfermedad, así como de su fisiopatología y manejo. Los test diagnósticos actuales aún presentan limitaciones significativas, de ahí que surja el interés por encontrar métodos rápidos y eficientes que mejoren su pesquisa. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto la revisión de la literatura actual en cuanto a los métodos disponibles para su diagnóstico.


The laryngopharyngeal reflux is a common cause of morbidity of the upper aerodigestive tract. Despite its high prevalence, there is still controversy regarding the diagnostic accuracy of this disease and its pathophysiology and management. The current diagnostic test still have significant limitations, hence the interest arises to find fast and efficient methods to improve their research. This paper aims to review the current literature regarding available methods for diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Saliva/chemistry , Pepsin A/analysis , Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/diagnosis , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/physiopathology
9.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 112(1): 78-82, feb. 2014. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1159579

ABSTRACT

Está demostrado que hay una fuerte asociación entre el reflujo gastroesofágico y el reflujo faringolaríngeo como causantes de enfermedad respiratoria, que puede manifestarse como disfonía, estridor, tos, laringitis recurrente, obstrucción bronquial, laringoespasmo y eventos de aparente amenaza para la vida (ALTE). Estas manifestaciones pueden ser leves o graves y potencialmente mortales. Se presentan los casos de dos pacientes con laringitis grave que requirieron intubación endotraqueal, a uno de los cuales se le realizó una traqueotomía. Se describen los métodos diagnósticos, sus limitaciones y la evolución presentada por los pacientes


There is a strong association between gastroesophageal reflux and pharyngolaryngeal reflux as factors leading to respiratory disease, manifested as dysphonia, wheezing, coughing, recurrent laryngitis, bronchial obstruction, laryngospasm and apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs). These manifestations can be mild or severe and may sometimes put the patient’s life at risk. We present two cases of patients with severe laryngitis who required endotracheal intubation, one of which underwent tracheostomy. The diagnostic methods and their limitations and the patients outcomes are described.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications , Laryngitis/etiology , Severity of Illness Index , Algorithms
10.
Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp ; 64(5): 363-8, 2013.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23305863

ABSTRACT

Cough lasting more than 8 weeks is considered chronic. If the classic causes of chronic cough have been discarded, vagus nerve sensory disturbances are currently considered the most important etiological cause. Patients with chronic cough of laryngeal origin have associated symptoms such as globus, dysphagia, dysphonia, dyspnoea and/or stridor. These patients are more likely to have paradoxical vocal fold movement. There is a higher cough reflex sensibility and neuropathic laryngeal response, mainly caused by viral infection or reflux. The cough associated with reflux has 2 mechanisms: Exposure to acid in the distal oesophagus (gastroesophageal reflux) and microaspiration of oesophageal contents into the larynx and tracheo-bronchial tree (pharyngo-laryngeal reflux). Laryngeal neuropathy hypersensitivity responds well to speech therapy as a treatment for refractory chronic cough. Because chronic cough is a sign of laryngeal sensory, neuropathy can improve with neuroleptic drugs such as amitriptyline and gabapentin.


Subject(s)
Cough/etiology , Laryngeal Diseases/complications , Algorithms , Chronic Disease , Cough/diagnosis , Cough/therapy , Humans
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