Objective and subjective measures of air pollution and self-rated health: the evidence from Chile.

PURPOSE: The literature exploring individual differences in self-rated health has grown fast in recent years. Self-rated health (SRH) is a good indicator of general health status. This empirical study explores the association between outdoor air pollution and SRH in Chile. This type of analysis is infrequent in Latin America. METHODS: We used objective and subjective air pollution measures. The first corresponds to PM2.5, and the latter to the perception of a high level of air pollution. Drawing on data from two independent and repeated nationwide surveys over the period 2006-2017 at the individual level in Chile, we performed repeated cross-sectional analyses for each year of survey application. Ordered Logit (OL) and Logit (L) multivariate models were used to investigate the association between SRH and air pollution measures, considering other socioeconomic and demographic covariates. RESULTS: We found that the higher is the level of air pollution, the lower the SRH in Chile, regardless of whether air pollution is physically measured or perceived by respondents. The results were consistent over the years in the sign and significance of regression coefficients using two surveys and two forms of the outcome variable. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings add evidence that air pollution is a relevant determinant of SRH. In addition, they show that subjective measures of air pollution can be as reliable as physical measures in the analysis of the association between air pollution and human health.

Multitrait Bayesian shrinkage and variable selection models with the BGLR-R package.

The BGLR-R package implements various types of single-trait shrinkage/variable selection Bayesian regressions. The package was first released in 2014, since then it has become a software very often used in genomic studies. We recently develop functionality for multitrait models. The implementation allows users to include an arbitrary number of random-effects terms. For each set of predictors, users can choose diffuse, Gaussian, and Gaussian-spike-slab multivariate priors. Unlike other software packages for multitrait genomic regressions, BGLR offers many specifications for (co)variance parameters (unstructured, diagonal, factor analytic, and recursive). Samples from the posterior distribution of the models implemented in the multitrait function are generated using a Gibbs sampler, which is implemented by combining code written in the R and C programming languages. In this article, we provide an overview of the models and methods implemented BGLR's multitrait function, present examples that illustrate the use of the package, and benchmark the performance of the software.

Quantifying Cardinal Temperatures of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Using Non-Linear Regression Models.

Temperature is the main factor that impacts germination and therefore the success of annual crops, such as chia (Salvia hispanica L.), whose seeds are known for their high nutritional value related to its oil. The effect of temperature on germination is related to cardinal-temperature concepts that describe the range of temperature over which seeds of a particular species can germinate. Therefore, in this study, in addition to calculated germinative parameters such as total germination and germination rate of S. hispanica seeds, the effectiveness of non-linear models for estimating the cardinal temperatures of chia seeds was also determined. We observed that germination of S. hispanica occurred in cold to moderate-high temperatures (10-35 °C), having an optimal range between 25 and 35 °C, with the highest GR and t50 at 30 °C. Temperatures higher than 35 °C significantly reduced germination. Output parameters of the different non-linear models showed that the response of chia germination to temperature was best explained by beta models (B). Cardinal temperatures calculated by the B1 model for chia germination were: 2.52 ± 6.82 °C for the base, 30.45 ± 0.32 °C for the optimum, and 48.58 ± 2.93 °C for the ceiling temperature.

Biocapacity convergence clubs in Latin America: an analysis of their determining factors using quantile regressions.

Latin America experiences an increasing urban primacy index and a rapid expansion of the financial system, putting direct pressure on the demand for resources to satisfy the consumption of large cities. We investigate the convergence of per capita biocapacity in 16 Latin America countries and evaluate the factors that influence its evolution over time. Specifically, we analyze the impact of the urban primacy index, economic progress, and the financial globalization index on the convergence of per capita biocapacity. We use the methodological framework developed by Phillips and Sul Econometrica 75:1771-1855, (2007) to analyze the convergence and the formation of convergence clubs of biocapacity during 1970-2017. The findings indicate that the countries of the region do not share a common trend of biocapacity, although they are grouped into five converging clubs. Biocapacity transition analysis reveals that countries have heterogeneous transition pathways between them. Using marginal effects, we find that the urban primacy index and economic progress reduce the biocapacity. The effect of the financial globalization index on biocapacity is not conclusive. The quantile regressions reveal that quantiles' impact of the urban primacy index and financial globalization on per capita biocapacity is heterogeneous. However, the effect of economic progress on biocapacity that predominates among quantiles is positive. The adoption of common policies among the countries that form the converging clubs could improve the effectiveness of pro-environmental policies and promote the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals related to environmental quality.

Supporting Physiological Trait for Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in Drought-Stressed Popcorn.

The identification of traits associated with drought tolerance in popcorn is a contribution to support selection of superior plants under soil water deficit. The objective of this study was to choose morphological traits and the leaf greenness index, measured on different dates, to estimate grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE), evaluated in a set of 20 popcorn lines with different genealogies, estimated by multiple regression models. The variables were divided into three groups: morpho-agronomic traits-100-grain weight (GW), prolificacy (PR), tassel length (TL), number of tassel branches, anthesis-silking interval, leaf angle (FA) and leaf rolling (FB); variables related to the intensity of leaf greenness during the grain-filling period, at the leaf level, measured by a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and at the canopy level, calculated as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The inbred lines were cultivated under two water conditions: well-watered (WW), maintained at field capacity, and water stress (WS), for which irrigation was stopped before male flowering. The traits GY (55%) and PE (28%) were most affected by water restriction. Among the morpho-agronomic traits, GW and PR were markedly reduced (>10%). Under dry conditions, the FA in relation to the plant stalk tended to be wider, the FB curvature greater and leaf senescence accelerated (>15% at 22 days after male flowering). The use of multiple regression for the selection of predictive traits proved to be a useful tool for the identification of groups of adequate traits to efficiently predict the economically most important features of popcorn (GY and PE). The SPAD index measured 17 days after male flowering proved useful to select indirectly for GY, while, among the morphological traits, TL stood out for the same purpose. Of all traits, PR was most strongly related with PE under WS, indicating its use in breeding programs. The exploitation of these traits by indirect selection is expected to induce increments in GY and PE.

Evaluation of the bioaccumulation kinetics of toxic metals in fish (A. brasiliensis) and its application on monitoring of coastal ecosystems.

This study proposes a pro-active approach for evaluations of methylmercury (MeHg), total mercury (THg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in situ bioaccumulation in fish (Atherinella brasiliensis) muscles, using specimens from the external sector of Guanabara Bay as a study case. This approach included an hierarchical sequence: analysis of the pollutants concentrations and their comparison to safety criteria; correlations between specimens concentrations vs length (as a proxy of exposure time); projections of concentrations in key lengths (sexual maturation, asymptotic, length limits for fishing and median of fish population) through polynomial regressions, dose-response analysis (Probit), decreasing curves and incorporation rates (using only three length intervals). The incorporation rates were ascending for MeHg and THg (continued bioaccumulation) and descending for As, Pb and Cd (possible biological dilution). The projections were satisfactory, evidencing their use for an improvement on the risks monitoring of fishing and fish consumption by humans in coastal environments.

Prevalence of cervical HPV infection in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this systematic review and meta-regression were: 1) to compare the prevalence of cervical HPV infection between SLE patients and healthy controls and 2) to evaluate the relationship between cervical HPV infection and traditional and SLE-related risk factors for cervical HPV infection in these patients. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Virtual Health Library and SciELO databases) following PRISMA guidelines and using meta-regression to investigate the pooled prevalence of cervical HPV infection in adult women with SLE. The articles included were independently evaluated by two investigators who extracted information on study characteristics, defined outcomes, risk of bias and summarized strength of evidence [Quality of evidence using the Oxford Centre for evidence-based medicine (EBM) Levels of Evidence]. Using meta-regression, we further analyzed whether factors such as multiple sexual partners and immunosuppressive therapy were associated with HPV prevalence. We evaluated the quality of evidence included using the Oxford Centre for EBM levels of evidence. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for studies providing data on HPV prevalence in women with SLE and in healthy controls. RESULTS: A total of 687 articles were identified; 9 full-text articles examining the prevalence of cervical HPV infection in SLE women were included, comprising 751 SLE women. Eight studies employed PCR using general primers. The HPV prevalence varied from 3.1% to 80.7%. In the random effects meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of cervical HPV infection in SLE vs. controls was 34.15% (95% CI: 19.6%-52.5%) vs. 15.3% (95% CI 0.79-27.8%), OR = 2.87 (95% CI: 2.20-3.76) p < .0001, with large between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 95.4%). When only SLE women were evaluated, meta-regression showed no significant differences between patients with and without a background of multiple sexual partners and any immunosuppressive therapy. In addition, the prevalence of cervical HPV infection did not significantly differ between SLE patients on azathioprine or cyclophosphamide. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that the prevalence of cervical HPV infection is higher in SLE women than in healthy controls. However, multiple sexual partners and any immunosuppressive therapy or specific immunosuppressive treatment (azathioprine and cyclophosphamide) were not associated with the prevalence of cervical HPV infection.

Efecto de atributos paisajísticos en los patrones de presencia de Ateles fusciceps en el noroccidente ecuatoriano / Landscape attributes effects on Ateles fusciceps presence patterns in northwestern Ecuador

Este trabajo evalúa el efecto que tienen ciertas variables paisajísticas (ríos, tierras agropecuarias, áreas antrópicas y bosque nativo) en los patrones de presencia del mono araña, Ateles fusciceps, en el noroccidente ecuatoriano. Se utilizaron registros geográficos de Ateles fusciceps tomados en campo y de estudios previos. Se evaluó el efecto de la proximidad de cada variable por medio de la prueba T de Student. Posteriormente mediante regresiones logísticas y por medio del Criterio de Información de Akaike (AIC) se seleccionaron los mejores modelos y se identificaron las variables más importantes. Se observó que tierras agropecuarias y zonas antrópicas tienen un efecto negativo para este primate, pues los puntos de presencia se encontraron alejados de éstas. Se evidencia también que Ateles fusciceps prefiere sitios cercanos a bosque, resultado que corrobora investigaciones previas, sin embargo también se encuentra una asociación con ríos, resultado que no ha sido reportado en estudios anteriores. Se encontraron dos modelos importantes para predecir patrones de presencia de este primate, el primero compuesto por: bosque nativo, ríos y zonas antrópicas (AICw=0.48), mientras que el segundo abarca: bosque nativo, ríos, zonas antrópicas y tierras agropecuarias (AICw=0.34). Estos resultados servirán de base para futuros análisis, dirigidos a la conservación de A. fusciceps.

In this work, I investigate the effect of some landscape variables (rivers, agricultural lands, anthropic areas and native forest) on the presence patterns of spider monkey, Ateles fusciceps, in the northwestern Ecuador. Geographical records collected in field and others from previous studies were used to conduct this study. Effects of proximity of each variable to presence of A. fusciceps were assessed with Student T tests. The best model and the most important variables were identified using logistic regressions and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The results showed that agricultural lands and anthropic zones were from the primate presence points, suggesting a negative effect on A. fusciceps. I also found that A. fusciceps prefers sites near rivers, this observation has not been reported in previous studies. Two important models were found to predict the presence of A. fusciceps, the first one was composed by three variables: native forest, rivers and anthropic areas (AICw= 0.48) and the second model was composed by the four variables: native forest, rivers, anthropic areas and agricultural lands (AICw= 0.34). The results of this work will contribute a basis for future studies aimed on A. fusciceps conservation.

Las estrategias de afrontamiento que utilizan los adolescentes ante situaciones que provocan miedo / Coping strategies assumed by teenagers in situations that cause fear

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento que usan los adolescentes mexicanos ante situaciones que provocan miedo. Método: El tipo de estudio fue no experimental. Los partici pantes fueron 400 adolescentes mexicanos de nivel secundaria (50 % hombres y 50 % mujeres), Media de edad = 13.90 (DE= 0.96). Un instrumento midió la intensidad del miedo ante nueve tipos de situaciones: violencia social, animales, estar solo, médicos, situaciones sociales, lo desco nocido, violencia doméstica, escuela y muerte (a = .93). Por medio de preguntas abiertas se pre guntó a los participantes qué harían ante cada una de las situaciones, lo que permitió identificar el tipo de afrontamiento. Resultados: Las mujeres informaron mayor miedo que los hombres en todas las situaciones, excepto en miedo a la escuela, donde ellas tuvieron mayor puntaje. El patrón general fue que las mujeres usan más estrategias de desahogo emocional y búsqueda de apoyo, mientras que los hombres usan estrategias directas al problema, agresivas y de distracción. En particular, ante el miedo a la muerte, los hombres usan estrategias evitativas, distracción y búsqueda de apoyo, mientras que las mujeres usan estrategias directas al problema, desahogo emocional, búsqueda de apoyo, evitativas, distracción y agresivas. Ante el miedo a lo desconocido, los varones usan estrategias de distracción, agresivas y directas al problema, mientras que las muje res usan desahogo emocional, directo al problema y agresivas. Las estrategias de afrontamiento no son buenas ni malas, su conveniencia depende del apoyo que brindan para resolver la situación que genera miedo.

Abstract Objective: This study aims to identify coping strategies used by Mexican teenagers in situations that elicit fear. Method: This study was non-experimental. The sample consisted of 400 Mexican teenager in secondary level (50 % men and 50 % women) mean age = 13.90 (of= 0.96). Research ers used an instrument to measure the intensity of the fear assumed in nine different types of situations such as: social violence, animals, living alone, doctors, social situations, the unknown, domestic violence, school and death (a =. 93). Through an open-ended question, the participants were asked the following: what would they do in those situations? Allowing them to identify the way they cope with these situations. Results: Women reported greater fear than men in all situ ations except fear of school, where they scored higher. Women generally used more strategies of emotional relief and searching for support while men used aggressive and distraction strategies in relation to those situations. In relation to the fear of death, men assume avoidance strategies, distraction and search for support while women assume direct strategies such as: emotional relief, search for support, avoidance distraction and aggression. In conclusion, coping strategists are not good or bad; it depends on the support given to solve the situation that generates fear.

Pedotransfer functions to estimate bulk density from soil properties and environmental covariates: Rio Doce basin

Soil bulk density (b) data are needed for a wide range of environmental studies. However, b is rarely reported in soil surveys. An alternative to obtain b for data-scarce regions, such as the Rio Doce basin in southeastern Brazil, is indirect estimation from less costly covariates using pedotransfer functions (PTF). This study primarily aims to develop region-specific PTFs for b using multiple linear regressions (MLR) and random forests (RF). Secondly, it assessed the accuracy of PTFs for data grouped into soil horizons and soil classes. For that purpose, we compared the performance of PTFs compiled from the literature with those developed here. Two groups of data were evaluated as covariates: 1) readily available soil properties and 2) maps derived from a digital elevation model and MODIS satellite imagery, jointly with lithological and pedological maps. The MLR model was applied step-wise to select significant predictors and its accuracy assessed by means of cross-validation. The PTFs developed using all data estimated b from soil properties by MLR and RF, with R2 of 0.41 and 0.51, respectively. Alternatively, using environmental covariates, RF predicted b with R2 of 0.41. Grouping criteria did not lead to a significant increase in the estimates of b. The accuracy of the regional PTFs developed for this study was greater than that found with the compiled PTFs. The best PTF will be firstly used to assess soil carbon stocks and changes in the Rio Doce basin.(AU)

Pedotransfer functions to estimate bulk density from soil properties and environmental covariates: Rio Doce basin

Soil bulk density (b) data are needed for a wide range of environmental studies. However, b is rarely reported in soil surveys. An alternative to obtain b for data-scarce regions, such as the Rio Doce basin in southeastern Brazil, is indirect estimation from less costly covariates using pedotransfer functions (PTF). This study primarily aims to develop region-specific PTFs for b using multiple linear regressions (MLR) and random forests (RF). Secondly, it assessed the accuracy of PTFs for data grouped into soil horizons and soil classes. For that purpose, we compared the performance of PTFs compiled from the literature with those developed here. Two groups of data were evaluated as covariates: 1) readily available soil properties and 2) maps derived from a digital elevation model and MODIS satellite imagery, jointly with lithological and pedological maps. The MLR model was applied step-wise to select significant predictors and its accuracy assessed by means of cross-validation. The PTFs developed using all data estimated b from soil properties by MLR and RF, with R2 of 0.41 and 0.51, respectively. Alternatively, using environmental covariates, RF predicted b with R2 of 0.41. Grouping criteria did not lead to a significant increase in the estimates of b. The accuracy of the regional PTFs developed for this study was greater than that found with the compiled PTFs. The best PTF will be firstly used to assess soil carbon stocks and changes in the Rio Doce basin.

Polynomial order selection in random regression models via penalizing adaptively the likelihood.

Orthogonal Legendre polynomials (LP) are used to model the shape of additive genetic and permanent environmental effects in random regression models (RRM). Frequently, the Akaike (AIC) and the Bayesian (BIC) information criteria are employed to select LP order. However, it has been theoretically shown that neither AIC nor BIC is simultaneously optimal in terms of consistency and efficiency. Thus, the goal was to introduce a method, 'penalizing adaptively the likelihood' (PAL), as a criterion to select LP order in RRM. Four simulated data sets and real data (60,513 records, 6675 Colombian Holstein cows) were employed. Nested models were fitted to the data, and AIC, BIC and PAL were calculated for all of them. Results showed that PAL and BIC identified with probability of one the true LP order for the additive genetic and permanent environmental effects, but AIC tended to favour over parameterized models. Conversely, when the true model was unknown, PAL selected the best model with higher probability than AIC. In the latter case, BIC never favoured the best model. To summarize, PAL selected a correct model order regardless of whether the 'true' model was within the set of candidates.

¿El valor de algunos servicios ecosistémicos de los Andes colombianos?: transferencia de beneficios por meta - análisis / Valuation of the ecosystem services in the Colombian Andes. The benefit transfer method: A meta-analysis / ¿O valor de alguns serviços ecossistémicos dos Andes colombianos?: transferência de benefícios por meta-análise

La valoración económica de la biodiversidad y lo servicios ecosistémicos es importante para la planificación de desarrollo socioeconómico de Colombia. La obtención d datos primarios es costosa, pero existe un método denominad "transferencia de beneficios". Se presenta una aproximación: a la valoración de algunos servicios ecosistémicos en lo Andes colombianos incorporando un meta-análisis de lo estudios realizados en Colombia, aplicando: transferencia d funciones y transferencia de valores medios. El valor de lo servicios ecosistémicos (disponibilidad de agua, recreación y conservación), arrojó valores entre 106 a 339 mil millones de dólares en 2011. La determinación del valor global de lo ecosistemas configura un reto complejo, debido a la dificulta en la síntesis de los estudios, la variabilidad de los mismo: y la ausencia de experiencias documentadas. La valoración: económica en Colombia, enfrenta el inconveniente de l presentación, obtención y variabilidad de datos. Se concluyó que la información existente es insuficiente, encontrándose pocos estudios bien diseñados. Esta contribución formula recomendaciones para futuros ejercicios.

The economic valuation of biodiversity and ecosystem services plays an important role in Colombia's conservation planning and economic development, but gathering data to conduct an original study can be expensive. To this end, there is an alternative yet controversial method called "benefits transfer". Here, we present a meta-analysis of available literature on the economic valuation of the Colombian Andes using two approaches: transfer functions and transfer of mean values. The economic value of ecosystem services, which included water availability, recreation and conservation for the Colombian Andes, yielded values between 106 and 339 trillion 2011 USD. However, determining the overall value of ecosystems presents a complex challenge due to the difficulty in the synthesis of the studies, their variability, and the nonexistence of documented experiences. Economic valuation in Colombia is faced with issues in the presentation, collection and variability of data. We concluded that the existing information is insufficient; there are few well-designed studies to procure consistent ecosystem values to support the creation of development policies in Colombia.

A valorização económica da biodiversidade e os serviços ecossistémicos é importante para a planificação do desenvolvimento socioeconómico de Colômbia. A obtenção dos dados primários utiliza um método denominado "transferência de benefícios". Apresenta-se uma aproximação da avaliação de alguns serviços ecossistémicos nos Andes colombianos incorporando uma meta-análise dos estudos realizados em Colômbia, aplicando: transferência de funções e transferência de valores médios. O valor dos serviços ecossistémicos (disponibilidade de água, recreação e conservação), exibiu valores entre 106 a 339 mil milhões de dólares em 2011. A determinação do valor global dos ecossistemas configura um desafio complexo, devido à dificuldade na síntese dos estudos, a variabilidade dos mesmos, e a ausência de experiências documentadas. A avaliação económica em Colômbia, enfrenta o inconveniente da presentação, obtenção e variabilidade de dados. Concluiu-se que a informação existente é insuficiente, encontrando-se poucos estudos bem desenhados. Esta contribuição formula recomendações para futuros exercícios.

Produtividade da cana-de-açúcar: variabilidade linear e espacial entre componentes tecnológicos e da produção / Productivity of cane sugar: linear and spatial variability between components and technological production

Na atualidade, a cultura da cana-de-açúcar desempenha frente à realidade brasileira, sobretudo no aspecto relacionado às fontes energéticas alternativas, importantíssimo papel. No ano de 2009, no município de Suzanápolis (SP), no Cerrado Brasileiro, foi instalado um experimento com a cultura da cana-de-açúcar em um Argissolo Vermelho eutrófico, com o objetivo de selecionar, por meio de coeficientes de correlação de Pearson, da modelagem de regressões lineares simples e de múltiplas e da correlação espacial, os melhores componentes tecnológicos e os de produção, para explicar a variabilidade da produtividade da cana-de-açúcar. Foi instalada a malha geoestatística, para a coleta de dados, com 120 pontos amostrais, numa área de 14,53 ha. Para as regressões lineares simples, a população de plantas é o componente da produção que apresenta a melhor correlação quadrática com a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar, dada por: PRO = -0,553**xPOP2+16,14*xPOP-15,77. Entretanto, para as regressões lineares múltiplas, a equação PRO = - 21,11+4,92xPOP**+0,76xPUR** é a que melhor se apresenta para estimar a referida produtividade. Espacialmente, a melhor correlação com a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar é determinada, também, pelo componente da produção da população de plantas.

Nowadays, the culture of the sugarcane plays an important role regarding the Brazilian reality, especially in the aspect related to the alternative energy sources. In 2009, the municipality of Suzanápolis (SP), in the Brazilian Cerrado, an experiment was conducted with the culture of the sugarcane in a Red eutrophic, with the aim of selecting, using Pearson correlation coefficients, modeling, simple, linear and multiple regressions and spatial correlation, and also the best technological and productive components, to explain the variability of the productivity of the sugarcane. The geostatistical grid was installed in order to collect the data, with 120 sampling points, in an area of 14.53 ha. For the simple linear regressions, the plants population is the component of production that presents the best quadratic correlation with the productivity of the sugarcane, given by: PRO = -0.553**xPOP2+16.14*xPOP-15.77. However, for multiple linear regressions, the equation PRO = -21.11+4.92xPOP**+0.76xPUR** is the one that best presents in order to estimate that productivity. Spatially, the best correlation with yield of the sugarcane is also determined by the component of the production population of plants.

Linear correlation between components production and yield of rice upland in no-tillage / Correlação linear entre componentes da produção e produtividade do arroz de terras altas em sistema plantio direto

The rice is one of the main sources of the humanitys feeding. During the agricultural year 2009/2010, in Selvíria County, Mato Grosso do Sul State, in the Brazilian Savannah, an experiment was installed with rice upland in a Dystropherric Red Latosol (Typic Acrustox) under no-tillage, irrigated by central pivot, with the purpose of selecting the best components production to explain the variability the irrigated rice yield upland. The geostatistical grid was installed, to collect the data, with 120 sampling points, in an area of 3.0 ha and and homogeneous slope of 0.055 m m-1. The medium rice yield was of the 5980 kg ha-1. For the simple lineal regressions, the number of spikelets grenades for panicle presented the best direct potential correlation with the yield rice, given for: PGO = 115,5.NEG0,770. However, for the multiple lineal regressions, the equation equação PGO = 2754,30-411,55.NEG-461,07.NEC+436,59. NET it was the one that better she came to esteem the yield rice. However, spatial, it was not possible to establish correlation between the yield rice and the components production, once none of those it presented spatial dependence in their data.

O arroz é uma das principais fontes de alimentação da humanidade. Durante o ano agrícola 2009/2010, no município de Selvíria (MS), no Cerrado Brasileiro, foi instalado um experimento com arroz de terras altas em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico sob sistema plantio direto, irrigado por pivô central, com o objetivo de selecionar os melhores componentes da produção para explicar a variabilidade da produtividade do arroz de terras altas irrigado. Foi instalada a malha geoestatística, para a coleta de dados, com 120 pontos amostrais, numa área de 3,0 ha e declive homogêneo de 0,055 m m-1. A produtividade média de grãos de arroz foi de 5980 kg ha-1. Para as regressões lineares simples, o número de espiguetas granadas por panícula apresentou a melhor correlação potencial direta com a produtividade de grãos de arroz, dada por: PGO = 115,5.NEG0,770. Entretanto, para as regressões lineares múltiplas, a equação PGO = 2754,30-411,55.NEG-461,07.NEC+436,59.NET foi a que melhor se apresentou para estimar a produtividade de grãos de arroz. No entanto, espacialmente, não foi possível estabelecer correlação entre a produtividade de grãos de arroz e os componentes da produção, uma vez que nenhum desses apresentou dependência espacial nos seus dados.

Linear correlation between components production and yield of rice upland in no-tillage / Correlação linear entre componentes da produção e produtividade do arroz de terras altas em sistema plantio direto

The rice is one of the main sources of the humanitys feeding. During the agricultural year 2009/2010, in Selvíria County, Mato Grosso do Sul State, in the Brazilian Savannah, an experiment was installed with rice upland in a Dystropherric Red Latosol (Typic Acrustox) under no-tillage, irrigated by central pivot, with the purpose of selecting the best components production to explain the variability the irrigated rice yield upland. The geostatistical grid was installed, to collect the data, with 120 sampling points, in an area of 3.0 ha and and homogeneous slope of 0.055 m m-1. The medium rice yield was of the 5980 kg ha-1. For the simple lineal regressions, the number of spikelets grenades for panicle presented the best direct potential correlation with the yield rice, given for: PGO = 115,5.NEG0,770. However, for the multiple lineal regressions, the equation equação PGO = 2754,30-411,55.NEG-461,07.NEC+436,59. NET it was the one that better she came to esteem the yield rice. However, spatial, it was not possible to establish correlation between the yield rice and the components production, once none of those it presented spatial dependence in their data.

O arroz é uma das principais fontes de alimentação da humanidade. Durante o ano agrícola 2009/2010, no município de Selvíria (MS), no Cerrado Brasileiro, foi instalado um experimento com arroz de terras altas em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico sob sistema plantio direto, irrigado por pivô central, com o objetivo de selecionar os melhores componentes da produção para explicar a variabilidade da produtividade do arroz de terras altas irrigado. Foi instalada a malha geoestatística, para a coleta de dados, com 120 pontos amostrais, numa área de 3,0 ha e declive homogêneo de 0,055 m m-1. A produtividade média de grãos de arroz foi de 5980 kg ha-1. Para as regressões lineares simples, o número de espiguetas granadas por panícula apresentou a melhor correlação potencial direta com a produtividade de grãos de arroz, dada por: PGO = 115,5.NEG0,770. Entretanto, para as regressões lineares múltiplas, a equação PGO = 2754,30-411,55.NEG-461,07.NEC+436,59.NET foi a que melhor se apresentou para estimar a produtividade de grãos de arroz. No entanto, espacialmente, não foi possível estabelecer correlação entre a produtividade de grãos de arroz e os componentes da produção, uma vez que nenhum desses apresentou dependência espacial nos seus dados.