Parent-Child Relationship Quality in the Family of Origin and Later Romantic Relationship Functioning: A Systematic Review.

A large and diverse literature has shown that parent-child relationship quality shapes development to affect later romantic relationship functioning. Guided by the developmental psychopathology framework, the current systematic review aimed to characterize the links between two major subtypes of parent-child relationship quality (parent-child attachment security and interaction quality) and several romantic relationship outcomes (i.e., adjustment, attachment security, aggression, and observed interaction quality), as well as to identify mechanisms accounting for these associations. We focused on studies that included both members of a couple/partnership for dyadic assessment of romantic relationship functioning, to more accurately and fully capture both partners' perspectives. A total of 40 articles met inclusion criteria, most of which sampled early/emerging adult couples between the ages of 18 and 26 years. Findings suggest that parent-child attachment security and interaction quality have similar associations with dyadic romantic relationship functioning, with the strongest evidence of effects on romantic relationship adjustment and observed interactions between romantic partners. Many studies found gender differences in effects, as well as cascading effects across development and over the course of a relationship. We argue that it is important for future studies to explore effects of one partner's parent-child relationship quality history on the other partner's romantic relationship adjustment and behavior, and to evaluate the extent to which parent-child attachment security mediates associations between parent-child interaction quality and romantic relationship functioning.

Se ha demostrado en publicaciones completas y variadas que la calidad de la relación entre padres e hijos determina el desarrollo de una manera que influye en el funcionamiento posterior de las relaciones amorosas. Guiado por el marco de la psicopatología evolutiva, el presente análisis sistemático tuvo como finalidad caracterizar los vínculos entre dos grandes subtipos de calidad de la relación entre padres e hijos (seguridad en el apego entre padres e hijos y calidad de la interacción) y varias consecuencias en las relaciones amorosas (p. ej.: adaptación, seguridad en el apego, agresión y calidad de la interacción observada), así como identificar los mecanismos que dan cuenta de estas asociaciones. Nos centramos en estudios que incluyeron tanto a integrantes de una pareja/asociación para la evaluación diádica del funcionamiento de las relaciones amorosas con el fin de captar más precisa y completamente las perspectivas de ambos integrantes de la pareja. Cuarenta artículos en total cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, la mayoría de los cuales usaron como muestras a parejas de adultos emergentes de entre 18 y 26 años. Los resultados indican que la seguridad en el apego entre padres e hijos y la calidad de la interacción tienen asociaciones similares con el funcionamiento diádico de las relaciones amorosas, y que los indicios más claros de los efectos están en la adaptación de las relaciones amorosas y las interacciones observadas entre los integrantes de la relación amorosa. En muchos estudios se hallaron diferencias de género en los efectos, así como efectos dominó a lo largo del desarrollo y durante el transcurso de una relación. Sostenemos que es importante para estudios futuros analizar los efectos del historial de la calidad de la relación entre padres e hijos de uno de los integrantes de la pareja en la adaptación a la relación amorosa y la conducta del otro integrante de la pareja, y evaluar hasta qué punto la seguridad en el apego entre padres e hijos actúa como mediadora de las asociaciones entre la calidad de la interacción entre padres e hijos y el funcionamiento de la relación amorosa.

O papel paterno durante o primeiro ano de vida do bebê: revisão integrativa / El rol paterno durante el primer año de vida del bebé: revisión integradora / Paternal role during the baby's first year of life: integrative review

Objetivo: identificar na literatura científica nacional e internacional a abordagem das principais funções que o pai exerce com o neonato, após o seu nascimento. Método: revisão integrativa, realizada no segundo semestre de 2020 com as bases de dados Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online e PsycINFO. Foram selecionadas para a busca dos estudos primários, com os descritores: paternidade, relações pai-filho, puerpério e enfermagem. Resultados: identificou-se 711 estudos primários, dos quais foram lidos títulos e resumos, posteriormente a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, selecionou-se 22 para a leitura na íntegra, e destes, sete compuseram a amostra final. Conclusão: As principais funções exercidas pelos pais estão relacionadas aos cuidados neonatais, apoio para mãe durante o puerpério e suporte para organização do lar. No entanto, é notória a escassez da literatura relacionadas à temática.(AU)

Objective: to identify in the national and international scientific literature the approach of the main functions that the father performs with the newborn, after birth. Method: an integrative review carried out in the second half of 2020 with the Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library, Scientific Electronic Library Online and PsycINFO databases. They were selected for the search of primary studies, with the descriptors: paternity, father-child relationships, puerperium and nursing. Results: 711 primary studies were identified, of which titles and abstracts were read, after applying the eligibility criteria, 22 were selected for full reading, and of these, seven comprised the final sample. Conclusion: The main functions performed by parents are related to neonatal care, support for the mother during the puerperium and support for the organization of the home. However, the scarcity of literature related to the subject is notorious.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar en la literatura científica nacional e internacional el abordaje de las principales funciones que realiza el padre con el recién nacido, después del nacimiento. Método: revisión integradora realizada en el segundo semestre de 2020 con el Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, la Biblioteca Científica Electrónica en Línea y las bases de datos PsycINFO. Fueron seleccionados para la búsqueda de estudios primarios, con los descriptores: paternidad, parentesco padre-hijo, puerperio y enfermería. Resultados: Se identificaron 711 estudios primarios, de los cuales se leyeron títulos y resúmenes, luego de aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad, se seleccionaron 22 para lectura completa, y de estos, siete conformaron la muestra final. Conclusión: Las principales funciones que desempeñan los padres están relacionadas con el cuidado neonatal, el apoyo a la madre durante el puerperio y el apoyo a la organización del hogar. Sin embargo, es notoria la escasez de literatura relacionada con el tema.(AU)

Os benefícios do pré-natal masculino para a consolidação do trinômio mãepai-filho: uma revisão integrativa / The benefits of male prenatal for the consolidation of the mother-father-son trinomial: an integrative review / Los beneficios del prenatal masculino para la consolidación del trinomio madrepadre-hijo: una revisión integrativa

Objetivo: Evidenciar, por meio de revisão de literatura, a importância do envolvimento paterno no decorrer do ciclo gravídico-puerperal, no favorecimento do trinômio mãe-pai-filho. Método: Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada em outubro de 2020, nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Portal de Periódicos Capes e o Scielo, com recorte temporal de 20 anos em que 24 artigos foram analisados. Resultados: Observou-se predomínio de estudos com abordagem qualitativa (n=24) 100%, em periódicos nacionais (n=23) 95,83%, seu nível de evidência muito baixo, segundo método Grade (n=24) 100%, se concentraram em periódicos da área de enfermagem (n=16) 66,66% e na base de dados BVS (n=21) 87,50%. Conclusão: A inclusão durante as consultas de pré-natal, além de promover da saúde, previne e facilita diagnósticos de enfermidades e fortalecimento de vínculos que, por sua vez, possibilitam um melhor desenvolvimento fetal e um acompanhamento de saúde do casal durante todo o ciclo gravídico-puerperal, a partir da inserção precoce dos pais no trinômio mãe-pai-filho.

Objective: to highlight, through a literature review, the importance of paternal involvement during the pregnancy-puerperal cycle, in favor of the mother-father-son trinomial. Method: This is an integrative literature review conducted in October 2020 in the databases Virtual Library in Health, Portal de Periódicos Capes and Scielo with a 20-year time frame in which 24 articles were analyzed. Results: There was a predominance of studies with a qualitative approach (n = 24) 100%, in national journals (n = 23) 95.83%, their level of evidence very low according to the Grade method (n = 24) 100%, if concentrated in nursing journals (n = 16) 66.66% and in the VHL database (n = 21) 87.50%. Conclusion: inclusion during prenatal consultations, in addition to promoting health, prevents and facilitates diagnoses of illnesses and strengthens bonds, which, in turn, enable better fetal development and health monitoring of the couple throughout the pregnancy cycle -puerperal, from the early insertion of parents in the motherfather-son trinomial.

Objetivo: Resaltar, a través de una revisión de la literatura, la importancia del involucramiento paterno durante el ciclo embarazo-puerperal, en favor del trinomio Madre-Padre-Hijo. Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada en octubre de 2020, en las bases de datos Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Portal de Periódicos Capes y Scielo, con un plazo de 20 años en el que se analizaron 24 artículos. Resultados: Predominó los estudios con enfoque cualitativo (n = 24) 100%, en revistas nacionales (n = 23) 95,83%, su nivel de evidencia muy bajo, según el método Grade (n = 24) 100%, si concentrado en revistas de enfermería (n = 16) 66,66% y en la base de datos BVS (n = 21) 87,50%. Conclusión: La inclusión durante las consultas prenatales, además de promover la salud, previene y facilita el diagnóstico de enfermedades y fortalece lazos que, a su vez, permiten un mejor desarrollo fetal y seguimiento de la salud de la pareja durante todo el ciclo del embarazo -puerperal, desde la inserción temprana de los padres en el trinomio madre-padre-hijo.

Transformando um mundo selvagem: ajudando crianças e famílias ante a negligência na província de Quebec, Canadá / Reshaping a wild world: helping children and families facing negligence in the province of Quebec, Canada / Transformando un mundo salvaje: ayudando niños y familias ante la negligencia en la provincia de Quebec, Canadá

A negligência é um problema social complexo, com graves consequências para o cumprimento das necessidades de uma criança, pelos adultos que compõem a família da criança e da rede social; não somente pais, mas outros adultos que entram em contato com a criança (incluindo profissionais). Pela complexidade das relações sociais envolvidas, os sistemas de proteção da criança têm dificuldade de identificar e criar programas de atendimento. Na verdade, eles apresentam uma tendência a concentrar-se sobre as deficiências dos pais em relação à sua responsabilidade para com os seus filhos. Este artigo descreve a fundamentação teórica de um modelo ecossistêmico e de desenvolvimento que tem como base os serviços integrados de negligência infantil em Québec, no Canadá. Também descreve os componentes e atividades que visam a operacionalizar esse modelo ecossistêmico e o modelo de desenvolvimento de negligência infantil.

Child neglect is a complex social problem with serious consequences to the fulfillment of a child's needs, provided by adults who are the members of the child's family, and the social network; not only parents, but other adults who interrelate with the child (including professionals). Due to the complexity of the social relations involved, it is hard for child protection systems to design and develop assistance programs. In fact, they have a tendency to concentrate on parents' deficiencies concerning their responsibility for their children. This article describes the theoretical foundation of an ecosystemic and developmental model which is based on the integrated services dealing with child neglect in Quebec, Canada. It also describes the components and activities that aim to operationalize this ecosystemic and developmental model approaching child neglect.

La negligencia es un problema social complejo con graves consecuencias para el cumplimiento de las necesidades de un niño por parte de los adultos en la familia inmediata del niño y de la red social - no sólo padres, sino también otros adultos que están en contacto con el niño (incluyendo los profesionales). Por la complejidad de las relaciones sociales implicadas, los sistemas de protección de los niños tienen dificultades para identificar y crear programas de atención. De hecho, tienen una tendencia a concentrarse en las deficiencias de los padres con respecto a su responsabilidad con sus hijos. En este artículo se describe el fundamento teórico de un modelo ecosistémico y de desarrollo que constituye la base de los servicios integrados de negligencia infantil en Quebec, Canadá. También se describen los componentes y actividades que tienen como objetivo poner en práctica este modelo ecosistémico y el modelo de desarrollo de negligencia infantil.

Parent-Child Attunement Moderates the Prospective Link between Parental Overcontrol and Adolescent Adjustment.

Parental overcontrol (OC), behavior that intrusively or dominantly restricts child autonomy, has been identified as a transdiagnostic risk factor for youth. However, it is as yet unknown whether the association between parental OC and child maladjustment remains even when OC is exerted infrequently or by attuned parents. Rather, the selective use of OC might steer children away from danger. Taking a developmental psychopathology approach, this study focuses on the larger parent-child relationship context, testing whether either the dose at which parents demonstrate OC or the degree to which children perceive their parents as attuned determines whether OC is risky or protective for adolescents' adjustment. Among a community sample of 114 families of children followed from the ages of 12-18, we examine whether OC, behaviorally coded from triadic mother-father-child discussions in middle childhood, is associated with later risky behavior and anxiety symptoms in adolescence. Overcontrol exerted by either mothers or fathers had a curvilinear effect on adolescent risky behaviors, and this effect was moderated by children's perceived attunement. Although OC generally was associated with increased risky behaviors, low doses of OC or OC exerted by highly attuned parents protected against engagement in risky behaviors. No main effect of OC was observed on adolescent anxiety; however, mothers' OC interacted with perceived parental attunement, such that OC exerted by less attuned parents predicted greater anxiety. Results underscore that the effect of parenting behaviors depends on the larger parent-child relationship context.

Beyond "Lots of Hugs and Kisses": Expressions of Parental Love From Parents and Their Young Children in Two-Parent, Financially Stable Families.

Given that parental love is essential for children's optimal development, the current study gathered examples of how parental love was demonstrated within parent-child relationships. Fifty-eight two-parent, financially stable families consisting of a mother, father, and young child (3-7 years old) from the Midwest were interviewed regarding how they demonstrated or perceived parental love. Results from an inductive thematic analysis revealed considerable variability in how parental love was demonstrated, with five themes emerging that overlapped between parents and their children: playing or doing activities together, demonstrating affection, creating structure, helping or supporting, and giving gifts or treats. Some gendered patterns among these themes were found with mothers emphasizing physical and verbal affection and fathers highlighting their more prominent role as playmates. The lay examples provided by parents and children in this exploratory study extend previous conceptualizations of parental love and underscore the importance of parents being attuned and responsive to the specific needs of their children.

Relationship Quality with Parents: Implications for Own and Partner Well-Being in Middle-Aged Couples.

Relationships with parents have significant implications for well-being throughout the lifespan. At midlife, these ties are situated within both developmental and family contexts that often involve the adult offspring's spouse. Yet, it is not known how ties with aging parents are related to psychological well-being within middle-aged couples. This study examined how middle-aged wives' and husbands' views of the current quality of relationships with their own parents (positive and negative) are linked to their own and their partner's psychological well-being. Using a sample of 132 middle-aged couples from Wave 1 of the Family Exchanges Study, we estimated actor-partner interdependence models to evaluate these dyadic associations while controlling for each spouse's marital satisfaction. Both actor and partner effects were observed. With respect to actor effects, wives who reported more negative relationship quality with their own parents had elevated depressive symptoms and lower life satisfaction. Husbands who reported more negative relationship quality with their own parents had lower life satisfaction. In terms of partner effects, husbands had lower depressive symptoms and greater life satisfaction when wives reported more positive relationship quality with their own parents. Finally, the link between wives' positive ties with parents and husbands' lower depressive symptoms was intensified when husbands had less positive relationships with their own parents. Findings suggest that relationship quality with wives' aging parents has implications for both spouses' well-being and may serve as a critical social resource for husbands.

Paternidad y su incidencia en el desistimiento delictual: una revisión teórica / Parenthood and its incidence in the Desistance of crime: a theoretical review / Paternidade e sua incidência na desistência do comportamento criminoso: uma revisão teórica

Resumen Introducción: El comportamiento delictual ha sido foco de intenso estudio durante las últimas décadas, lo cual ha propiciado la emergencia de diversos enfoques y teorías que han intentado comprender los factores que inciden tanto en la comisión de delitos como en el mantenimiento y desistimiento de las carreras delictivas. Objetivo: el propósito de este artículo de revisión es analizar la posible influencia de la paternidad sobre el proceso de desistimiento delictual. Método: Para ello se realizó una revisión bibliográfica descriptiva, que contempló la utilización de las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus, con una estrategia de búsqueda mediante palabras claves relacionadas con el tema de estudio. Resultados: Los hallazgos evidencian un valor disímil de la paternidad en el cese de comportamientos delictivos, según variables como género, ciclo vital y tipo de vínculo establecido entre padre e hijo. Discusión: Se analizan los resultados en el marco de la importancia del despliegue de intervenciones que promuevan el desistimiento delictual, a través del fortalecimiento de vínculos prosociales, instando a mirar con mayor detenimiento el aporte que puede realizar la paternidad en dicho proceso.

Abstract Introduction: Delinquent behavior has been under the focus of intense studies in the course of the past few decades and entails the urgency of diverse approaches and theories attempted to understand the factors influencing the commission of crimes as well as both the preservation and dropping of criminal careers. The objective: of this review article is to analyze the likely influence of parenthood and/or parenting on the renunciation of tort. Method: For this purpose, a descriptive bibliographic review was carried out envisaging the utilization of the Web of Science and Scopus databases with a searching strategy by means of Key words relating to the study matter. Results: The findings have evidenced a dissimilar value of parenthood in the cessation of criminal behaviors, according to certain variables such as gender, vital cycle and type of parent-child bond. Discussion: The results obtained within the framework of the importance of intervention displays promoting the renunciation of crime through the invigoration of pro-social bonds, urging to watch in greater depth the contribution that parenthood might make in this process.

Resumo Introdução: O comportamento criminoso foi centro do estudo intenso durante as últimas décadas, e leva a emergência de diversos enfoques e teorias que tentaram compreender os fatores que incidem tanto na perpetração dos crimes como na manutenção e desistência das carreiras criminosas. O objetivo: deste artigo da revisão é analisar a influência possível da paternidade no processo de desistência do comportamento criminoso. Método: Para esse efeito uma revisão bibliográfica descritiva foi realizada. Contemplou o uso dos bancos de dados Web de Science e Scopus, com uma estratégia de busca por meio das palavras chaves relacionadas ao assunto do estudo. Os resultados: demonstram um valor dissimilar da paternidade na terminação de comportamentos delitivos, de acordo com variáveis como gênero, ciclo vital e tipo de ligação estabelecida entre o pai e o filho. Discussão: eles analisaram os resultados são discutidos dentro da estrutura da importância da implantação das intervenções que promovem a desistência do comportamento criminoso, através do fortalecimento de vínculos pró-sociais, instando a prestar atenção detalhadamente à contribuição do que a paternidade pode fazer neste processo.

Coparental Affect, Children's Emotion Dysregulation, and Parent and Child Depressive Symptoms.

Children's emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms are known to be affected by a range of individual (parent, child) and systemic (parent-child, marital, and family) characteristics. The current study builds on this literature by examining the unique role of coparental affect in children's emotion dysregulation, and whether this association mediates the link between parent and child depressive symptoms. Participants were 51 mother-father-child triads with children aged 7 to 12 (M age = 9.24 years). Triads discussed a time when the child felt sad and a time when the child felt happy. Maternal and paternal displays of positive affect were coded, and sequential analyses examined the extent to which parents were congruent in their displays of positive affect during the emotion discussions. Results indicated that interparental positive affect congruity (IPAC) during the sadness discussion, but not the happiness discussion, uniquely predicted parent-reported child emotion dysregulation, above and beyond the contributions of child negative affect and parental punitive reactions. The degree of IPAC during the sadness discussion and child emotion dysregulation mediated the association between maternal, but not paternal, depressive symptoms and child depressive symptoms. Findings highlight the unique role of coparental affect in the socialization of sadness in youth and offer initial support for low levels of IPAC as a risk factor for the transmission of depressive symptoms in youth.

Observed Mother- and Father-Child Interaction Differences in Families with Medically Assisted Reproduction-Conceived Twins and Singletons.

Increased medically assisted reproduction (MAR) use to treat infertility has resulted in a growing twin birth rate. Little is known about parent-child relationships for twin relative to singleton children in middle childhood. This study fills this gap by examining parent-child relationships in 57 families with eighty 6- to 12-year-old MAR twin and singleton children using observational data (warm and supportive communication, control, and hostility). Nested ANCOVAs indicate that while mothers exhibit similar interactional behaviors toward twins and singletons, fathers have less optimum behaviors toward twins relative to singletons. Twins displayed less engaged behavior with mothers and fathers relative to singletons. Given the vitality of parent-child relationships for family and child adjustment, future studies should examine determinants and outcomes of twin-singleton relationship differences to bolster twins' and their families' functioning.

Family Communication about Donor Conception: A Qualitative Study with Lesbian Parents.

In this qualitative study of 10 lesbian couples who built their families through anonymous donor conception, we explore how lesbian parents experience communication about the donor conception within the family. While for these families "disclosure" of donor conception is often seen as evident, the way parents and children discuss this subject and how this is experienced by the parents themselves has not received much research attention. To meet this gap in the literature, in-depth interviews with lesbian couples were conducted. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis showed that this family communication process can be understood within the broader relational context of parent-child relationships. Even though parents handled this family communication in many different ways, these were all inspired by the same motives: acting in the child's best interest and-on a more implicit level-maintaining good relations within the family. Furthermore, parents left the initiative for talking about the DC mostly to the child. Overall, parents aimed at constructing a donor conception narrative that they considered acceptable for both the children and themselves. They used different strategies, such as gradual disclosure, limiting the meaning of the donor, and justifying the donor conception. Building an acceptable donor conception narrative was sometimes challenged by influences from the social environment. In the discussion, we relate this qualitative systemic study to the broader issues of selective disclosure and bidirectionality within families.