How to design effective educational videos for teaching evidence-based medicine to undergraduate learners - systematic review with complementing qualitative research to develop a practicable guide.

BACKGROUND: eLearning can be an effective tool to achieve learning objectives. It facilitates asynchronous distance learning, increasing flexibility for learners and instructors. In this context, the high educational value of videos provides an invaluable primary component for longitudinal digital curricula, especially for maintaining knowledge on otherwise rarely taught subjects. Although literature concerning eLearning evaluation exists, research comprehensively describing how to design effective educational videos is lacking. In particular, studies on the requirements and design goals of educational videos need to be complemented by qualitative research using grounded theory methodology. METHODS: Due to the paucity of randomized controlled trials in this area, there is an urgent need to generate recommendations based on a broader fundament than a literature search alone. Thus, the authors have employed grounded theory as a guiding framework, augmented by Mayring's qualitative content analysis and commonly used standards. An adaptive approach was conducted based on a literature search and qualitative semi-structured interviews. Drawing on these results, the authors elaborated a guide for creating effective educational videos. RESULTS: The authors identified 40 effective or presumedly effective factors fostering the success of video-based eLearning in teaching evidence-based medicine, providing a ready-to-use checklist. The information collected via the interviews supported and enriched much of the advice found in the literature. DISCUSSION: To the authors' knowledge, this type of comprehensive guide for video-based eLearning needs has not previously been published. The interviews considerably contributed to the results. Due to the grounded theory-based approach, in particular, consensus was achieved without the presence of a formal expert panel. Although the guide was created with a focus on teaching evidence-based medicine, due to the general study selection process and research approach, the recommendations are applicable to a wide range of subjects in medical education where the teaching aim is to impart conceptual knowledge.

Life cycle assessment of integrated microalgae oil production in Bojongsoang Wastewater Treatment Plant, Indonesia.

This study aims to determine the eco-friendliness of microalgae-based renewable energy production in several scenarios based on life cycle assessment (LCA). The LCA provides critical data for sustainable decision-making and energy requirement analysis, including net energy ratio (NER) and cumulative energy demand (CED). The Centrum voor Milieuwetenschappen Leiden (CML) IA-Baseline was used on environmental impact assessment method by SimaPro v9.3.0.3® software and energy analysis of biofuel production using native polyculture microalgae biomass in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) Bojongsoang, Bandung, Indonesia. The study was analyzed under three scenarios: (1) the current scenario; (2) the algae scenario without waste heat and carbon dioxide (CO2); and (3) the algae scenario with waste heat and carbon dioxide (CO2). Waste heat and CO2 were obtained from an industrial zone near the WWTP. The results disclosed that the microalgae scenario with waste heat and CO2 utilization is the most promising scenario with the lowest environmental impact (- 0.139 kg CO2eq/MJ), positive energy balance of 1.23 MJ/m3 wastewater (NER > 1), and lower CED value across various impact categories. It indicates that utilizing the waste heat and CO2 has a positive impact on energy efficiency. Based on the environmental impact, NER and CED values, this study suggests that the microalgae scenario with waste heat and CO2 is more feasible and sustainable to adopt and could be implemented at the Bojongsoang WWTP.

Exploring Physician Perspectives on Using Real-world Care Data for the Development of Artificial Intelligence-Based Technologies in Health Care: Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: Development of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies in health care is proceeding rapidly. The sharing and release of real-world data are key practical issues surrounding the implementation of AI solutions into existing clinical practice. However, data derived from daily patient care are necessary for initial training, and continued data supply is needed for the ongoing training, validation, and improvement of AI-based solutions. Data may need to be shared across multiple institutions and settings for the widespread implementation and high-quality use of these solutions. To date, solutions have not been widely implemented in Germany to meet the challenge of providing a sufficient data volume for the development of AI-based technologies for research and third-party entities. The Protected Artificial Intelligence Innovation Environment for Patient-Oriented Digital Health Solutions (pAItient) project aims to meet this challenge by creating a large data pool that feeds on the donation of data derived from daily patient care. Prior to building this data pool, physician perspectives regarding data donation for AI-based solutions should be studied. OBJECTIVE: This study explores physician perspectives on providing and using real-world care data for the development of AI-based solutions in health care in Germany. METHODS: As a part of the requirements analysis preceding the pAItient project, this qualitative study explored physician perspectives and expectations regarding the use of data derived from daily patient care in AI-based solutions. Semistructured, guide-based, and problem-centered interviews were audiorecorded, deidentified, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed inductively in a thematically structured approach. RESULTS: Interviews (N=8) with a mean duration of 24 (SD 7.8) minutes were conducted with 6 general practitioners and 2 hospital-based physicians. The mean participant age was 54 (SD 14.1; range 30-74) years, with an average experience as a physician of 25 (SD 13.9; range 1-45) years. Self-rated affinity toward modern information technology varied from very high to low (5-point Likert scale: mean 3.75, SD 1.1). All participants reported they would support the development of AI-based solutions in research contexts by donating deidentified data derived from daily patient care if subsequent data use was made transparent to them and their patients and the benefits for patient care were clear. Contributing to care optimization and efficiency were cited as motivation for potential data donation. Concerns regarding workflow integration (time and effort), appropriate deidentification, and the involvement of third-party entities with economic interests were discussed. The donation of data in reference to psychosomatic treatment needs was viewed critically. CONCLUSIONS: The interviewed physicians reported they would agree to use real-world care data to support the development of AI-based solutions with a clear benefit for daily patient care. Joint ventures with third-party entities were viewed critically and should focus on care optimization and patient benefits rather than financial interests.

Defining competence profiles of different medical specialties with the requirement-tracking questionnaire - a pilot study to provide a framework for medial students' choice of postgraduate training.

BACKGROUND: The medical specialties are characterised by a great diversity in their daily work which requires different sets of competences. A requirement analysis would help to establish competence profiles of the different medical specialities. The aim of this pilot study was to define competence profiles for individual medical specialties. This could provide a framework as support for medical graduates who wish to choose a medical specialty for their postgraduate training. METHODS: In February 2020, physicians were invited via the State Chamber of Physicians' monthly journal to electronically fill out the requirement tracking (R-Track) questionnaire. It contains 63 aspects assigned to six areas of competence: "Mental abilities", "Sensory abilities", "Psychomotor and multitasking abilities", "Social interactive competences", "Motivation", and "Personality traits". The expression of the different aspects was assessed on a 5-point Likert scale (1: "very low" to 5: "very high"). Sociodemographic data and information about the current workplace (hospital or practice) were also collected. RESULTS: In total, 195 practicing physicians from 19 different specialities followed the invitation by the State Chamber of Physicians to participate in this survey. For almost all medical specialties, the competence area "Motivation" reached rank 1. "Psychomotor and multitasking abilities" received high ranks among specialties performing surgical activities, while "Social interactive competences" and "Personality traits" were highly rated by specialties with an intense level of patient-physician-interaction. "Mental abilities" were only rated highly by radiologists (rank 2) and physiologists (rank 3) while "Sensory abilities" were generally rated very low with the expression (rank 4) for anaesthesiology and ENT. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, a first outline of competences profiles for 17 medical specialties were defined. The specific "Motivation" for a medical specialty seemed to play the greatest role for most specialties. This first specialty specific competence framework could provide a first insight into specific competences required by medical specialties and could serve medical graduate as a decision aid when looking for a medical specialty for their postgraduate training.

A Data-Driven Expectation Prediction Framework Based on Social Exchange Theory.

Along with the rapid application of new information technologies, the data-driven era is coming, and online consumption platforms are booming. However, massive user data have not been fully developed for design value, and the application of data-driven methods of requirement engineering needs to be further expanded. This study proposes a data-driven expectation prediction framework based on social exchange theory, which analyzes user expectations in the consumption process, and predicts improvement plans to assist designers make better design improvement. According to the classification and concept definition of social exchange resources, consumption exchange elements were divided into seven categories: money, commodity, services, information, value, emotion, and status, and based on these categories, two data-driven methods, namely, word frequency statistics and scale surveys, were combined to analyze user-generated data. Then, a mathematical expectation formula was used to expand user expectation prediction. Moreover, by calculating mathematical expectation, explicit and implicit expectations are distinguished to derive a reliable design improvement plan. To validate its feasibility and advantages, an illustrative example of CoCo Fresh Tea & Juice service system improvement design is further adopted. As an exploratory study, it is hoped that this study provides useful insights into the data mining process of consumption comment.

[The "human factor" as a risk and a chance]. / "Human factor" ­ der Mensch als Risikofaktor und Chance.

Medical devices are subjected to very complex development and testing processes, in which comprehensive requirements are defined and controlled. However, this wide range of requirements is not taken into account or checked when employing medical personnel. Systematic requirement analyses and recognized competence deficits of graduate medical students show that more must be invested in training and selection in order to reduce the "human factor" as a risk and on the other hand to be able to use it positively.

Predicting technology usage by health information need of older adults: Implications for eHealth technology.

BACKGROUND: Information and communication technology increasingly addresses the information needs patients have regarding their personal health. While an understanding of older adults' needs is crucial for developing successful eHealth technology, user research results hardly apply to different systems. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims at: (1) describing and analysing the context of digital health systems in a general manner, (2) investigating if information need of older adults influences their technology usage to show the relevance of the concept for a general context analysis and (3) testing which demographic variables intervene with their health information need. METHODS: Survey data from a longitudinal study with older adults (N = 551) were reported descriptively. After showing a significant relationship during chi-square tests, we quantified the ones between general health information need and technology usage, as well as between general health information need and the demographic variables age, education, chronic diseases and gender by means of (multiple) linear regression models. RESULTS: We predicted older adults' technology usage based on their health information need. The results confirmed this relationship. Higher information need led to a more frequent usage of apps installed on the tablet personal computer (PC), to a frequent use of smartwatches and to the possession of a computer or laptop. Users' education has a higher impact on health information need than amount of chronic diseases, gender and age. CONCLUSIONS: Information need emerged as a useful object for investigation of context and user requirement analysis across different systems: it predicted technology usage so that design recommendations derived from the descriptive gained in importance.

User Requirements Analysis of the Intelligent Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist.

The Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) is an ICU delirium assessment recommended by the Society of Critical Care Medicine. Its diagnostic accuracy, however, is relatively low during routine practice among bedside nurses. This study aims to analyze the potential errors or mistakes made by bedside nurses using ICDSC, and to provide evidence for developing an intelligent ICDSC. The results showed issues associated with the paper-based ICDSC include easy to miss items, scored errors.

Development of a database for war wound / 军事医学

Objective To develop a war wound database that is capable of data acquisition , audit, storage, query and statistical analysis,and can be used to record wounds, diagnosis,treatment and outcomes.Methods Based on requirement analysis and database design , the basic structure and function of this database system were determined before we developed this database system by Java on Oracle 11g.Results The database had eight data modules , including basic information , wounded information , wound conditions , first aid and treatment information , medication information , surgical information , medical evacuation , and operational background .The database management system ( DBMS ) was established , and the functions were ensured .Conclusion The records of war wound in the databases are highly continuous , timely, and standardized .They can adapt to the language of medical support research and war wound treatment research .

Study on the Situation and the Users' Demands of Chronic Disease Management Application in Guangzhou / 现代医院

Objective To understand the application status and users' demands of the chronic disease management application in Guangzhou. Methods From June to October 2017, 794 patients with chronic disease (hypertension as an example) and 25 community health workers were investigated and analyzed by questionnaire and personal interview in Guangzhou. Results The utilization rate of hypertension management type APP was 71. 7％ in Guangzhou, and that of community health service staff was 25. 0％. The demand of this kind of APP users lies in perfecting the basic function of chronic disease management, stressing market norms and technological innovation, emphasizing the health education of patients with chronic disease and continuous education of medical staff. Conclusion Currently, the chronic disease management applications can not meet the most practical and urgent needs of its users, so it is necessary to continuously evaluate the market and adjust the development strategy.

[Assessment of physicians? : Results of a sample analysis for the selection of physicians for staff positions]. / Assessment für Mediziner? : Ergebnisse einer Stichprobenanalyse zur Personalauswahl für Ärzte.

As in aviation and other organizations requiring high levels of safety, medical complications and errors can in most cases be traced back to the human factor as a main cause. The correct selection of medical students and physicians is therefore very important, especially in leadership and key positions. This is not only a necessary safety aspect but also the prerequisite for the stipulated efficiency of modern medicine.

Requirement analysis to promote small-sized E-waste collection from consumers.

The collection and recycling of small-sized waste electrical and electronic equipment is an emerging problem, since these products contain certain amounts of critical metals and rare earths. Even if the amount is not large, having a few supply routes for such recycled resources could be a good strategy to be competitive in a world of finite resources. The small-sized e-waste sometimes contains personal information, therefore, consumers are often reluctant to put them into recycling bins. In order to promote the recycling of E-waste, collection of used products from the consumer becomes important. Effective methods involving incentives for consumers might be necessary. Without such methods, it will be difficult to achieve the critical amounts necessary for an efficient recycling system. This article focused on used mobile phones among information appliances as the first case study, since it contains relatively large amounts of valuable metals compared with other small-sized waste electrical and electronic equipment and there are a large number of products existing in the market. The article carried out surveys to determine what kind of recycled material collection services are preferred by consumers. The results clarify that incentive or reward money alone is not a driving force for recycling behaviour. The article discusses the types of effective services required to promote recycling behaviour. The article concludes that securing information, transferring data and providing proper information about resources and environment can be an effective tool to encourage a recycling behaviour strategy to promote recycling, plus the potential discount service on purchasing new products associated with the return of recycled mobile phones.

Requirements of older adults for a daily use of an internet-based cognitive training platform.

A decline of cognitive abilities is a part of normal human ageing. However, recent research has demonstrated that an enriched environment can have a beneficial impact on cognitive function in old age. Accordingly, mentally and socially active lifestyles are associated with less cognitive decline in old age. Specific interventions such as computerized cognitive training programs for older adults are also known to have a positive effect on the level of cognitive functioning. Therefore, online platforms combining cognitive training with web 2.0 features may yield multiple benefits for older users. However, to date only little research exists on technological acceptance and media use in this age-group especially for cognitively-impaired seniors. Therefore, in order to assess specific preferences and potential barriers of older adults regarding a web-based platform for cognitive training, we conducted qualitative interviews with 12 older adults. Half of the participants were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Most importantly, our results show that cognitive exercises should incorporate themes and topics older adults are interested in. Additional communication features could serve as ideal methods for increasing user motivation. Furthermore, we derived eight critical requirements of older adults concerning daily use of a web-based cognitive training platform. Implications for future research and development are discussed.

Requirement Analysis and Design of the Operation and Maintenance Management System for Hospital Information Platforms / 医学信息学杂志

〔Abstract〕 The paper analyzes the current situation and problems existing in the operation and maintenance of hospital information platforms, provides solutions for establishing the hospital information operation and maintenance system , and elaborates functions which should be equipped in the system from aspects of resource constraints , checking -in, the real -name system, authority, information completeness, openness, real-time tracking and positioning, publicity of the person -in-charge, relevance display, etc.

Investigation and analysis of psychological consulting requirement for the hospital staff / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To learn the psychological needs of the hospital staff in terms of their life,medical care and psychological health.Methods 2910 hospital staff were interviewed with questionnaires and the outcomes analyzed with x2 test and descriptive analysis.Results 96.9％of the surveyed found themselves in need of psychological counseling; considerable consulting needs of the staff; most of them turn to friends to complain instead of their leaders.Conclusion The psychological counseling should be enhanced to build effective communication channels and ease stress of the staff.

Reform and assessment on English curriculum for medical doctor-postgraduates based on the requirement analysis theory / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To reform and assess the English curriculum for medical doctor-post-graduates based on the requirement analysis theory. Methods All of the medical doctor-postgradu-ates in grade 2012 of the Third Military Medical University were surveyed using questionnaires and face-to-face interviews on randomly chosen students,which collected information on the current Eng-lish skill levels,the requirements and the motivations of English learning,the satisfiable degree of English curriculum,and the outcomes of the curriculum reform. Statistical analysis methods were ap-plied in this study,especiallyχ22 test which was used to test the impact of current English levels on the requirements and motivations of English learning and the analysis results were applied to guide the curriculum reform and assessment. Results The questionnaires were handed out for twice,340 in total. Before and after the course setting,168 and 170 effective ones were got respectively. The first questionnaire showed the requirement of English learning wasn't influenced by the current English skill levels (P=0.329). That was to say 70.2%(118/168)of the surveyed students whether they were in level 4 or 6 all desired to improve English listening and speaking skills;and regard to English lear-ning motivations,publishing SCI papers,studying abroad,personal interest,or passing the course's exams accounted for 53.6%(90/168),24.4%(41/168),15.5%(26/168),6.5%(11/168)respec-tively,but relevant to their English levels (P=0.036). Regardless of their English levels,publishing SCI papers was the chief motivation of English learning. However,passing curriculum examinations as a motivation was more relevant to low-level students. The second survey also showed that 86.5%(147/170)students satisfied the setting of ‘listening and speaking’to ‘reading and writing’(2∶1) and 86 . 3%(145/168 )of students considered necessary to have a SCI dissertation writing course . However,once taking it,30.3%(44/145)out of the 86.3%(145/168)students expressed dissatisfac-tion to the course. In addition,about 48.8%(83/170)of students supported the tiered teaching model. Conclusions The requirement analysis technique is conducive to curriculum setting for medical doc-tor-postgraduates. However,the curriculum system needs to be optimized from the aspects of teaching methods,the tiered teaching model,and the teaching staff team. In particular,the cooperation be-tween English language teachers and medical major teachers should be strengthened in order to ap-proach an adequate and effective curriculum.

Requirement analysis and database design of USIS / 医疗卫生装备

Based on the development and application of medical ultrasonic diagnosis information system(USIS) of Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital,this article deeply expounds the requirement analysis and the database design of USIS's development.With the analyses of the distinguishing feature of ultrasonic diagnosis work flow and the design of the relational data structure of USIS,the thought and method to overcome the difficulty of data storage are proposed.

Analysis and Design of Database for Electronic Medical Tag Information System / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To accomplish the requirement analysis and design of database for electronic medical tag information system. Methods According to the principle and requirement of information engineering methodology, the operation requirement and data requirement were analyzed, and the database was designed including its concept, logic and physics models. Results The thought and method of electronic medical tag information database were proposed. Conclusion A basic data platform is established for casualties' information collection, storage, transmission, exchange and utilization in wartime.