Efectividad de una intervención de video-feedback grupal en respuesta sensible de cuidadores de residencias / Effectiveness of a video-feedback intervention in sensitivity response aimed at orphanage caregivers

Resumen: El presente estudio evaluó la efectividad de una intervención de video-feedback grupal en cuidadores chilenos de residencias de preescolares y lactantes que tenía como objetivo promover la respuesta sensible. La sensibilidad del adulto se ha asociado al desarrollo de apegos seguros por parte de los infantes a su cargo. Precisamente niñas y niños que crecen en un contexto residencial tienen muchas veces alterado el sistema de apego. El estudio comprendió una muestra de 14 cuidadores diurnos de la Fundación San José divididos en 4 grupos que recibieron cada uno 5 sesiones de video-feedback. Se encontraron diferencias significativas previo y posterior a la intervención en el puntaje de sensibilidad total, en la subescala de responsividad y en la de sintonía. Los resultados preliminares son prometedores considerando que es una intervención novedosa.

Abstract: The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a group video-feedback intervention aimed at Chilean caregivers of a preschool and infants orphanage that intended to enhance adult sensitivity. Adult sensitivity has been associated with the development of secure attachments in children. Nevertheless, infants that grow in an institutional setting tend to have insecure attachment patterns. The study included a sample of 14 caregivers of Fundación San José institution, which were divided in 4 groups each receiving 5 sessions of video-feedback. Differences were found between the general score of sensitivity and the subscales of responsivity and synchronicity before and after the intervention. These preliminary results are promising considering that it was the first time that a group video-feedback intervention had been applied in orphanage caregivers.

Mental Health and Quality & Safety of Care in Czech Residential Institutions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Long-stay institutions have been considerably affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the mental health of clients and staff as well as quality and safety of care in long-stay institutions during the state-of-emergency in the Czech Republic in response to COVID-19 pandemic. We found a high prevalence of poor mental health outcomes in clients (46% poor well-being, 58% depression, 45% anxiety) and staff (17% poor well-being, 22% depression, 14% anxiety). In clients, COVID-19 health-related and economic worries were associated with depression (1.79, 95% CI = 1.14; 2.8 and 2.28, 95% CI = 1.27; 4.08 respectively) and anxiety (1.63, 95% CI = 1.11; 2.4 and 1.85, 95% CI = 1.2; 2.85 respectively) and in staff with any mental health outcome (1.92, 95% CI = 1.33; 2.77 and 1.75, 95% CI = 1.15; 2.66 respectively). Lack of information and communication from authorities, lack of protective equipment and logistic difficulties were reported as challenges. Delivery of care was mostly disrupted as well as admission and discharge processes. Other reported issues included lack of staff, lack of activities for patients or an increase in usage of restrictive measures. Best practices and key future measures were identified by each institution, a summary of which is presented in the article.

Family Members of Adults with Intellectual Disability Living in Residential Settings: Roles and Collaboration with Professionals. A Review of the Literature.

The aim of this article is to review the literature concerning the role of family members of adults with an intellectual disability living in diverse residential settings and their collaboration with residential staff. Whenever the scarce literature on the subject allowed, the focus was laid on family members of persons with additional challenging behavior. Electronic databases, reference screening, and hand search of selected journals was employed to collate literature using key terms such as family members, intellectual disability, and residential setting. By extracting relevant data of the eighteen articles that fulfilled all inclusion criteria, the following 3 main themes with each subthemes were identified inductively: roles of family members after the transition, the effects of the transition on family members, and the collaboration between the family members and professional care staff. This review presents the different roles family members partake and highlights the importance of regular open two-sided communication for collaboration with professional staff to be successful. Practical implementations are discussed and the need for further research in the field is indicated.

Variations in death notification of nursing home residents to Australian Coroners.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the impact of changes to the reporting requirements in coronial legislation on the nature and frequency of nursing home resident deaths reported to Coroners. DESIGN: National retrospective study of a population cohort of nursing home resident deaths. SETTING: Accredited Australian nursing homes between July 2000 and June 2013. PARTICIPANTS: Residents who died in nursing homes accredited by the Aged Care Standards and Accreditation Agency reported to Coroners. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We explored three death-reporting models in the nursing home setting: comprehensive model, selective 'mechanism of death' model and selective 'age of death' model. These models were examined by manner of death subgroups: natural, falls-related and other external causes using the outcome measure of deaths notified to the Coroner per 1000 residents. We used an interrupted time series analysis using generalised linear regression with a negative binomial probability distribution and a log link function. RESULTS: The comprehensive model showed the proportion of reportable deaths due to natural causes far exceeded those from falls and other external cause. In contrast, the selective notification models reduced the total number of reportable deaths. Similarly, the selective 'age of death' model showed a decline in the reportable external cause deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Variation in the causes, locations and ages of persons whose deaths are legally required to be notified to Coroners impacts the frequency and nature of deaths of nursing home residents investigated by Coroners. This demonstrates that legislation needs to be carefully framed and applied to ensure that the prevention mandate of Coroners in Australia is to be achieved.

Infection status of intestinal parasites in children living in residential institutions in Metro Manila, the Philippines

A small scale survey was performed to know the infection status of intestinal parasite in children of the residential institutions and street communities in Metro Manila, Philippines. A total of 284 stool samples from 11 institutions and 3 street communities was examined by the formalin-ether concentration method. The scotch tape anal swab was adapted to 121 children to investigate the infection status of Enterovius vermicularis. It was found out that 62.0% of the children examined were positive for one or more intestinal parasites. Multiple infections were observed in 34.2% of the children. Among 172 children who gave detail information, the prevalence for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm was 36.0%, 44.8%, and 7.0% respectively. Of the children examined, 47.7% were found to be harboring parasitic protozoans such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Blastocystis hominis. The most prevalent of these protozoans was B. hominis with an infection rate of 40.7%. The prevalence of these infections among children living in institutions was relatively high. More efforts should be made to implement anthelminthic programs including bi-annual follow-up treatments.