Restauração transcirúrgica: passo a passo / Transsurgical restoration: step by step

Sabe-se que para uma restauração ser considerada um sucesso clínico é preciso que haja uma concomitância saudável entre a estrutura dentária, o material restaurador e as estruturas biológicas periodontais. As restaurações transcirúrgicas caracterizam-se como procedimentos alternativos para possibilitar a restauração de dentes com cárie dentária extensa, restaurações subgengivais desadaptadas e fraturas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um relato de caso de um procedimento cirúrgico-restaurador, através de uma técnica de restauração transcirúrgica. Este estudo tem como justificativa relatar um caso clínico, colaborando com maiores informações sobre a escolha da técnica a ser empregada, mostrando em quais situações devemos escolher uma restauração transcirúrgica e quais seus benefícios. Também, salientar se devemos fazer a recuperação do espaço biológico do periodonto ou não(AU)

It is known that for a restoration to be considered a clinical success, there must be a healthy concomitance between the tooth structure, the restorative material and the periodontal biological structures. Transsurgical restorations are characterized as alternative procedures to enable the restoration of teeth with extensive dental caries, maladapted subgingival restorations and fractures. The present study aims to carry out a case report of a surgical-restorative procedure, using a transsurgical restoration technique. This study is justified by reporting a clinical case, providing more information on the choice of technique to be used, showing in which situations we should choose a transsurgical restoration and what its benefits are. Also, highlight whether we should recover the biological space of the periodontium or not(AU)

Restauração indireta em resina composta: um relato de prontuário / Indirect resin composite restoration: a dental record report

Restaurações diretas em resina composta são amplamente utilizadas em odontologia para restaurar dentes posteriores. Todavia, quando há grande destruição coronária, onde a distância do istmo excede dois terços da distância intercuspídea, as restaurações indiretas em resina composta são indicadas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo relatar a análise de um prontuário de um paciente que recebeu uma restauração indireta em resina composta em dente posterior amplamente destruído. Através da análise de prontuários de pacientes atendidos nas disciplinas de Estágios Supervisionados do Curso de Odontologia da FSG Centro Universitário no ano de 2023, foi selecionado um prontuário de um paciente que compareceu a clínica odontológica da FSG com uma restauração em amálgama fraturada com reparo em resina composta que apresentou sintomatologia dolorosa. O procedimento diagnóstico ocorreu através de exame clínico e radiográfico, que constatou a indicação de substituição da restauração insatisfatória e realização de uma restauração indireta em resina composta. Os resultados estéticos e funcionais apresentados demostraram a viabilidade da técnica restauradora indireta em resina composta para reabilitar dentes posteriores com ampla destruição coronária(AU)

Direct composite resin restoration are widely used in dentistry to restore posterior teeth. However, when there is large coronary destruction, that the distance from the isthmus exceeds two- thirds of the intercuspal distance, indirect composite resin restorations are indicated. This study aimed to report the analysis of a dental record of a patient who received an indirect restoration in composite resin in a badly destroyed posterior tooth. Through the analysis of dental records of patients seen in the disciplines of Supervised Internship of the Dentistry Course at FSG Centro Universitário in the year 2023, the dental record of a patient who attended the FSG dental clinic with fractured amalgam restoration with composite resin repair was selected who had painful symptoms. The diagnostic procedure took place through clinical and radiographic examination, which revealed the indication of replacing the unsatisfactory restoration and carrying out an indirect restoration in composite resin.The aesthetic and functional results presented demonstrated the viability of the indirect composite resin restoration technique for rehabilitating posterior teeth with extensive coronal destruction(AU)

Classification system for maxillary fixed dental prostheses.

PURPOSE: To present an addendum to existing fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) classification system for maxillary prostheses. The new classification identifies the relationships between FP-1 (fixed prostheses) designs and newly developed clinical interdental gingival contours. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and laboratory descriptions of the various types of full-arch fixed prostheses are described with photographic illustrations. Benefits and limitations of the various prosthetic designs are explained. Surgical differences in the amount of alveolectomy are illustrated. One clinical case is demonstrated. RESULTS: A new classification system for maxillary implant fixed complete dentures is presented. The new system will serve as an improved communication aid for clinicians, patients, and laboratory technicians. Treatment of patients with edentulous maxillae and/or terminal dentitions and implant fixed complete dentures include several options relative to design and materials. Restorative space can have a major impact on prosthesis design and longevity. Early on in dental implant therapy, prostheses were generally made with cast metal frameworks, denture bases and denture teeth. Prosthetic complications were widely reported. With increased clinical experience and improved materials, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) protocols were developed that allowed stronger prostheses to be constructed in reduced or small restorative volumes. FP-1 ceramic implant-supported fixed prostheses (CISFPs) are designed to replace only the dental hard tissues and to promote preservation and rehabilitation of gingival soft tissues. The physical properties and minimum thickness requirements in full arch prostheses are influenced by several factors including distances between implants and rigid connector sizes. CONCLUSION: FP-1 CISFPs may be the closest prostheses the profession can offer edentulous patients that mimic the look, feel, and function of missing dentitions. Aesthetic outcomes of FP-1 CISFPs are variable and depend on a multitude of factors. This article presented a classification system that builds on existing classification by identifying the level of papilla heights achieved with FP-1 CISFPs.

Resin tags formation by modified Renewal MI formulations in a carious dentine model.

Objectives: To determine which components in a new restorative material (Renewal MI) improve its ability to form resin tags within demineralized dentine. Methods: Varied components included polylysine (PLS), monocalcium phosphate (MCP), powder to liquid ratio (PLR), 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4META), and polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate (PPGDMA). Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), containing PPGDMA (24 wt%) and 4META (3 wt%), was mixed with glass filler with MCP (8 wt%) and PLS (5 wt%). PLR was 3:1 or 5:1. Reducing MCP and/or PLS to 4 and 2 wt% respectively or fully removing MCP, PLS, 4META or PPGDMA gave 16 formulations in total. Renewal MI, Z250 (with or without Scotchbond Universal adhesive) and Activa were used as commercial comparators. Collagen discs were obtained by totally demineralizing 2 mm thick, human, premolar, coronal dentine discs by immersion in formic acid (4M) for 48 h. The restorative materials were then applied on top (n = 3), before dissolving the collagen in sodium hypochlorite (15%). SEM/EDX was employed to determine resin tags length, composition, and surface coverage. Results: Tags were >400, 20 and 200 µm and covered 62, 55 and 39% of the adhesion interface for Renewal MI, Scotchbond and Activa, respectively. With experimental formulations, they were 200 and >400 µm long with high vs. low PLR and composed primarily of polymerized monomers. Percentages of the adhesion interface covered varied between 35 and 84%. Reducing PLS or MCP caused a decline in coverage that was linear with their concentrations. Reducing MCP had lesser effect when PLS or PLR were low. Removal of 4META caused a greater reduction in coverage than PPGDMA removal. Conclusion: PLS, MCP, 4META, PPGDMA and low PLR together enhance Renewal MI tags formation in, and thereby sealing of, demineralized dentine.

Environmental implications of dental restorative materials on the zebrafish Danio rerio: Are dental chair drainage systems an emerging environmental threat?

This study aimed to evaluate the environmental impact of dental materials: commercial composite Tetric EvoCeram®, glass ionomer Equia Forte® HT Fil, laboratory-prepared composite, alkasite Cention® Forte, amalgam Amalcap® Plus, and samples from dental chair drainage systems (DCDS). Methacrylate monomers were detected in the eluates of experimental and commercials composites, and alkasite. In DCDS samples solely mercury was found at concentrations of 0.08-1.86µg/L. The experimental composite (48h incubation) exhibited the highest toxicity on zebrafish Danio rerio (LC50=0.70g/L), followed by amalgam (LC50=8.27g/L) < Tetric EvoCeram® (LC50=10.94g/L) < Equia Forte® HT Fil (LC50=24.84g/L) < Cention® Forte (LC50=32.22g/L). Exposure of zebrafish to DCDS samples resulted in decreased larval body length and increased occurrences of edema and blood accumulation. The results obtained highlight the need for additional monitoring and further research on the release of unreacted monomers and mercury from dental materials and their environmental impact.

Examining the Efficacy of a 405 nm Wavelength Diode Laser as a Diagnostic Tool in Routine Dental Practice.

In recent years, significant advancements in dental and periodontal diagnostics have paved the way for improved care. Among the available approaches, laser fluorescence (LF) is a promising method. This case report explores the utilization of a 405 nm diode laser as a diagnostic tool in the non-surgical treatment of biofilm-induced gingivitis, as well as its application in routine daily practice for diagnosing restorations and dental caries. A 24-year-old male patient and a 21-year-old female patient were included. A 405 nm diode laser (Smart M, Lasotronix, Poland) was used as a diagnostic tool with a tip diameter of 8 mm. In case one, the utilization of the 405 nm diode laser enhanced the patient's ability to perceive the presence and extent of plaque and calculus, aiding in motivation and education regarding supra-gingival dental biofilm control and it assisted the operator in precisely localizing plaque and calculus, thereby enabling more effective mechanical debridement and ultimately improving treatment outcomes. In the second case, the utilization of the laser facilitated the detection of defective composite fillings aiding in both accurate diagnosis for the operator and effective communication with the patient regarding the need for re-treatment. This study illustrates the potential of the relatively new 405 nm diode laser as a promising diagnostic tool in the daily management of periodontal patients and the detection of defective dental fillings in daily practice.

Residential quality, physical activity, and restorative perceptions: A seasonal longitudinal study.

While the restorative benefits of residential environments are known, the influence of residents' physical activity on their perceptions of restorativeness in different settlements is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mediating and moderating roles of residents' physical activities and seasons on restorative perceptions using survey data from three settlements in Harbin, China, involving a baseline survey conducted in June 2023 and questionnaires administered at 30-day intervals from July to December 2023 (534 interviews). Residents' restorative perceptions and physical activity levels were highest in autumn, with settlement quality having a seasonal moderating effect and physical activity having a mediating effect.

Learning from the Codon Table: Convergent Recoding Provides Novel Understanding on the Evolution of A-to-I RNA Editing.

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing recodes the genetic information. Apart from diversifying the proteome, another tempting advantage of RNA recoding is to correct deleterious DNA mutation and restore ancestral allele. Solid evidences for beneficial restorative editing are very rare in animals. By searching for "convergent recoding" under a phylogenetic context, we proposed this term for judging the potential restorative functions of particular editing site. For the well-known mammalian Gln>Arg (Q>R) recoding site, its ancestral state in vertebrate genomes was the pre-editing Gln, and all 470 available mammalian genomes strictly avoid other three equivalent ways to achieve Arg in protein. The absence of convergent recoding from His>Arg, or synonymous mutations on Gln codons, could be attributed to the strong maintenance on editing motif and structure, but the absence of direct A-to-G mutation is extremely unexpected. With similar ideas, we found cases of convergent recoding in Drosophila genus, reducing the possibility of their restorative function. In summary, we defined an interesting scenario of convergent recoding, the occurrence of which could be used as preliminary judgements for whether a recoding site has a sole restorative role. Our work provides novel insights to the natural selection and evolution of RNA editing.

Effect of Child Health Drinks on Color Stability of Various Aesthetic Restorative Materials - An In Vitro Study.

Introduction: In pediatric dentistry, the esthetically pleasing materials have tremendously changed the concept of restorative practice. Aim and Objectives: 1. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of child health drinks on color stability of various esthetic restorative materials via spectrophotometric analysis and to identify the esthetic restorative material that is color-stable against child health drinks. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 disk-shaped specimens with a diameter of 12 mm and a thickness of 2 mm were made from a composite (Dyract), giomer (Shofu), and composite (GC). Each group of 40 specimens of each material was divided into four sub-groups. Each sub-group was stored in different solutions, distilled water, Bournvita, Horlicks, and Pediasure, for 60 days. The color change measurement was done using a spectrophotometer both before and after staining. Result: One-way analysis of variance depicted that when the ΔE values of the restorative material were tested against each of the child health drink, there was a statistically significant difference between all child health drinks (P < 0.00001). When restorative materials were compared with the staining agent on 60 days duration, except Pediasure and Control, others (i.e. Horlicks and Bournvita) showed a statistically high significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Bournvita caused the highest color changes in 60 days time interval, followed by Horlicks and Pediasure. When the discoloration of several materials is studied, the highest level of discoloration was observed in the compomer, followed by the giomer, and the lowest level in the composite.

The Application of artificial intelligence in restorative Dentistry: A narrative review of current research.

This review explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on restorative dentistry. By discussing the diagnostic processes, treatment planning, image analysis, prosthodontics, and material/biomaterial research, this study highlights the role of AI in optimizing precision and efficiency. It emphasizes personalized material selection, accelerated biomaterial research, and AI-enabled clinical workflows for enhanced patient outcomes. The review concludes with insights into the challenges, ethical considerations, and future trends, emphasizing the collaborative efforts needed for continued innovation in AI-driven restorative dentistry.

Place perception and restorative experience of recreationists in the natural environment of rural tourism.

Introduction: In contemporary society, people spend long periods under high stress, and tourism activities have gradually been internalized as a new means of stress release and self-recovery. Studies have found that the high-quality natural environment of rural tourism destinations has a higher restorative effect than other places, and the rural natural environment can provide psychological recovery to visitors on top of offering visual beauty and other experiences. Methods: This paper starts with the relationship between rural place perception and restorative experience evaluation. Based on theories such as the restorative environments theory, we investigates whether rural natural environmental factors have a restorative effect on recreationists through collecting 300 questionnaires and using SPSS 26.0 structural equation modeling for analysis. Results: The study found that there is a positive correlation between rural natural perception, place dependence, and restorative experience, forming a positive feedback loop dynamic system. The analysis suggests that enhancing the perception of the rural natural environment and place attachment can improve the restorative experience of recreationists in rural settings. Discussion: This research establishes a systematic research framework for the relationship between rural natural perception, place attachment, and restorative experience, to deeply understand the dynamic interaction between them. It reveals the relationship between rural natural perception and restorative experience, suggesting that enriching the perceptual elements in rural natural spaces can meet the diverse needs of recreationists, enhance the sense of dependence and identification with rural spaces, and thus promote the psychological well-being and restorative experience of recreationists. The study also finds that place dependence plays a mediating role between rural natural perception and restorative experience. Place attachment and place identity, as mediating variables, act as bridges and catalysts in the process of rural natural perception affecting restorative experience.

To Preserve or Extract? A Scoping Review and a Prognostic Decision Tool using Multispecialty Indicators.

As implant-supported restorations have become very popular, there is a tendency to extract teeth and replace them with implants. However, the first goal of dentistry should always be the preservation of natural teeth, given the prerequisite that these can be maintained with the application of appropriate treatment modalities. Therefore, individual tooth risk assessment and prognosis are very important in the treatment plan process. Four important factors influencing the dentist's decision on whether to save or extract a compromised tooth have been identified, and an extensive search of the related English language literature has been performed. Additionally, hand-search in related journals was implemented, and classical textbooks were consulted. Identified articles on patient-related, periodontal, endodontic, and restorative factors were thoroughly analyzed, focusing on diagnosis and tooth prognosis. Fifty-two selected references have been carefully selected and reviewed. Available information was used to develop a color-coded prognostic decision chart with four different factors and up to fourteen crucial parameters. All factors and parameters were analyzed in an effort to help the restorative dentist make a prognostic decision. The proposed color-coded prognostic decision chart can be helpful when a treatment plan is made, and predictable restorative care is planned. This comprehensive prognostic decision chart can aid dentists in providing clinical care of high quality and establishing a consensus on available restorative options. It can additionally establish appropriate communication with patients and third-party individuals in the restorative care process, effectively manage risk factors, and provide a framework for quality assessment in restorative treatment.

Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial of Low Intensity Shockwave Therapy for the Treatment of Post-Radical Prostatectomy Erectile Dysfunction: "SHARP-ED TRIAL".

Introduction: Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is a common challenge post Radical Prostatectomy (RALP), affecting men's sexual health after undergoing definitive cancer therapy. Despite employing nerve-sparing techniques, ED remains a prevalent issue in this population. Studies indicate that approximately 70%-85% of men experience varying degrees of ED following RALP. The existing treatment landscape for post-RALP-ED presents limitations, and a discernible knowledge gap persists. To address this, our study aims to investigate the efficacy of Shockwave Therapy (SWT) as a potential intervention for managing ED after RALP. Methods: This prospective, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial aims to recruit 189 eligible patients post-RP and assess the effects of SWT. Comprehensive screening, including medical history, physical examinations, and biochemical evaluations, will be conducted to confirm eligibility. The intervention involves utilizing a device to administer focal shockwaves targeted at cavernosal tissue. Safety measures include continuous monitoring for adverse events and rigorous reporting protocols. The primary endpoint assesses changes in participants' ability to engage in penetrative intercourse from baseline to study completion, while secondary endpoints encompass various measures of erectile function, including questionnaire-based assessments, ultrasound parameters, and clinical outcomes. Results: Statistical analysis, encompassing ANOVA for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical ones, will evaluate demographic characteristics, baseline data, and primary as well as secondary outcomes for statistical significance. Detailed analysis of trends, subgroup comparisons, and treatment effects will provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of SWT on post-RP ED. Conclusion: This study protocol represents a rigorous investigation into the potential therapeutic role of SWT in managing post-RP ED. The outcomes from this study aim to contribute valuable insights into the efficacy, safety, and potential improvements in erectile function following SWT, providing significant guidance for future interventions aimed at addressing this challenging condition affecting men's health and quality of life.

Contact point marking with the OccluSense system-an in vitro study on reliability and validity.

BACKGROUND: Occlusal contacts can be stained and thereby visualised employing occlusal indicators. Qualitative and quantitative indicators are differentiated. The hybrid system OccluSense supposedly combines analogue contact marking and digital registration of contacts. The reliability and validity of its contact marking have not yet been validated. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this controlled randomised in-vitro study was to examine the reliability and validity of analogue contact staining with OccluSense compared to Arti-Fol and the reference standard Gnatho-Film. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experimental apparatus was designed to simulate static occlusion. The occlusal contacts were stained 50 times with Gnatho-Film to determine the average number and location of contacts registered. For comparison, the contacts were pre-stained with Gnatho-Film and then registered with Arti-Fol or OccluSense 50 times each. Every staining was statistically evaluated and compared to Gnatho-Film alone, regarding the number and location of contacts. Based on the observed characteristic staining behaviour of OccluSense, a modified evaluation strategy was developed for its colour markings (OccluSense (mod.)). RESULTS: Both evaluations of OccluSense determine that the same number of contacts was registered in over 94% of all cases. Neither OccluSense nor Arti-Fol stain the exact same number of contacts as Gnatho-Film, but the modified evaluation OccluSense (mod.) did improve the results for validity. CONCLUSION: When employing the modified evaluation strategy, OccluSense staining achieves similar reliability and validity as the reference standard. Pre-colouring of occlusal contacts with Gnatho-Film and the modified evaluation strategy, might become standard for analysing occlusal contacts stained by OccluSense in the future.

Restorative Justice and Trauma: Responding to the Needs and Misdeeds of Young People with Trauma Histories.

Young people that offend evidence higher rates of trauma and post-traumatic distress than non-offending peers. Effects of post-traumatic distress also parallel research on some young people that participate in restorative justice (RJ) meetings who struggle with communication, emotionally withdraw, become agitated or defiant, evidence poor understanding of harms they have caused, or fail to demonstrate empathy or remorse. In this paper I suggest post-traumatic distress may explain some variation in RJ process and outcomes hitherto ignored in existing research. I also suggest research on trauma in young people raises four areas of concern for thinking about RJ as a "trauma-informed" practice, including impacts of trauma and post-traumatic distress on (1) oral language proficiency and non-verbal communication; (2) the experience and expression of emotions; (3) offender perceptions of fairness and respect; and (4) difficulties in behavioural changes following participation in RJ meetings. I conclude with discussion of challenges to and suggestions for using RJ as a trauma-informed practice in youth justice settings.

Association between non-restorative sleep and psychotic-like experiences among Chinese college students: A latent profile and moderated mediation analysis.

BACKGROUND: Non-restorative sleep (NRS) is a core symptom of insomnia that has considerable consequences for daily life. However, the association between NRS and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) remains unclear. The current study was designed to explore the relationship between NRS and PLEs as well as the mediation/moderation role of rumination and resilience among college students in China. METHODS: 3060 college students were recruited from two universities in South China from September 21st to October 26th, 2022. Non-restorative Sleep Scale, 8-item Positive Subscale of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences, Ruminative Response Scale, and 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were administered. Latent profile analysis and moderated mediation analysis were performed. RESULTS: 11.3 % participants reported frequent PLEs in the past one month. Three profiles of rumination were identified and named as "low rumination" group (27.7 %), "medium rumination" group (55.3 %), and "high rumination" group (16.9 %). NRS directly predicted PLEs, and rumination played a significant mediation role between NRS and PLEs. Resilience significantly moderated the association between NRS and rumination as well as the association between NRS and PLEs. CONCLUSIONS: NRS, rumination and resilience are important predictors to PLEs. Strategies on increasing restorative sleep, decreasing rumination, and enhancing resilience are of great significance in the prevention of PLEs.

Evaluation of Turkish Dentists' Approach to Over-the-Counter Whitening Agents: A Questionnaire-Based Study.

AIM: Over-the-counter teeth-whitening products have become popular in accordance with the increasing demands of patients. These products can also be recommended to patients by dentists. The aim was to determine the rates of recommendation of over-the-counter teeth whitening products by dentists in Turkey divided into different categories for their patients and to interpret them based on a cause-and-effect relationship. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After obtaining ethics committee approval, the survey questions were created using Google Forms (Google Inc., Mountainview, CA) and delivered to dentists via social media. Dentists who signed the informed consent form completed the survey. Within the study's scope, statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Values were expressed as frequency (n) and percentage (%). A chi-square test was used to compare participants' teeth-whitening recommendations according to their demographic characteristics. The statistical significance level was accepted as p <0.05 throughout the study. RESULTS: A total of 57.9% of dentists working in Turkey did not recommend over-the-counter teeth-whitening products to their patients. When the answers to the question "Which whitening products sold on the market do you recommend to your patients?" were compared according to the participants' place of work, there was a statistically significant difference between the place of work and the recommended whitening product (p <0.05). Participants working in the private sector answered "I do not recommend" at a higher rate than participants working in the public sector. Among those who recommended toothpaste, more dentists with five or fewer years of experience recommended toothpaste to their patients than dentists with greater than five years of experience. Additionally, more dentists working in the public sector recommended toothpaste to their patients than dentists working in the private sector, and more specialist dentists recommended toothpaste to their patients than general practitioner dentists. CONCLUSION: Most dentists in Turkey do not recommend over-the-counter teeth-whitening products to their patients. Among those who recommend such products, toothpaste has been determined to be the first choice. The results of this study may raise awareness among dentists about over-the-counter teeth-whitening products and encourage new studies.

2-year survival and cost analysis of occlusoproximal ART restorations using encapsulated glass ionomer cement in primary molars: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The survival of ART restorations can be influenced by the choice of the restorative material. The aim of this randomized non-inferiority controlled trial was to compare the 2-year survival rate and cost analysis of two encapsulated glass ionomer cements (GIC) as occlusoproximal restorative materials in primary molars. METHODS: Children from public schools in Tietê (Brazil), aged 4-8 years with occlusoproximal dentine carious lesions in primary molars were selected and randomly assigned to receive either Equia Forte (EF) or Riva Self Cure (RSC) as restorative materials. Treatment was carried out by two trained final-year dental students in schools following ART premises. Restorations were assessed by a trained and calibrated examiner after 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The primary outcome was restoration survival after 2 years, analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analysis (α = 5%). Professional and materials costs for each group were collected in Brazilian Reais (R$) and converted into US dollars (US$) and analyzed using Monte-Carlo simulation. RESULTS: A total of 152 children (76 per group) were included in the study, and 121 (79%) were evaluated after 2 years. The overall 2-year restoration survival rate was 39% (EF = 45%; RSC = 32%) with no difference between the groups. The baseline and 2-year total cost of restorations using RSC was lower when compared to EF (incremental cost: US$ 6.18). CONCLUSION: After two years of follow-up, Riva Self Cure shows comparable restoration survival rates to Equia Forte, being more cost-effective in the Brazilian perspective. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This randomized clinical trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.Gov - NCT02730000.

Effect of the Different Dietary Supplements on the Average Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Direct Restorative Materials Used in Pediatric Dentistry.

Increased surface roughness and discoloration of the direct restorative materials used in pediatric patients affect the longevity of restorations and impair children's oral health. Many factors can alter these properties. One of these factors is the intake of dietary supplements. It is crucial to predict the properties of restorative materials when exposed to dietary supplements to maintain the dental care of children. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of various syrup-formed dietary supplements on the average surface roughness and color stability of current restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry. Seven different restorative materials (conventional glass ionomer [Fuji IX GP], resin-modified glass ionomer, [Fuji II LC], zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer [Zirconomer Improved], polyacid-modified composite resin [Dyract®XTRA], bulk-fill glass hybrid restorative [Equia Forte HT Fill], conventional resin composite [Charisma Smart], and resin composite with reactive glass fillers [Cention N]) were tested. The specimens prepared from each type of restorative material were divided into five subgroups according to dietary supplements (Sambucol Kids, Resverol, Imunol, Umca, and Microfer). These specimens were immersed daily in supplement solution over a period of 28 days. Surface roughness and color difference measurements were performed at baseline and at the 7th and 28th days. The color difference and Ra values showed that there was an interaction among the type of restorative material, type of dietary supplement, and immersion time factors (p < 0.05). Whereas lower Ra values were found in the composite resin group, the highest Ra values were found in the conventional glass ionomer group. All supplements caused increasing color difference values, and Resverol and Umca showed higher discoloration values above the clinically acceptable threshold. The intake of dietary supplement type, the immersion time of the dietary supplement, and the restorative material type affected the surface roughness and color stability of the tested direct restorative materials. All of the experimental groups showed higher Ra values than clinically acceptable surface roughness values (0.2 µm). The color difference values also increased with the immersion time.