ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe common bacterial organisms cultured from retrobulbar cellulitis and abscess lesions, in vitro susceptibility patterns, common diagnostic techniques utilized, etiologies encountered, and prevalence of blindness. ANIMALS STUDIED: Thirty-eight dogs diagnosed with retrobulbar cellulitis or abscessation from 2007 to 2017. PROCEDURE: For cases of orbital cellulitis or abscess, signalment, orbital imaging, cytology, histopathology, bacterial culture and susceptibility testing, presence of vision at the initial examination and resolution, and presumed cellulitis/abscess etiology were recorded. RESULTS: Most cases were medically (78.9%) versus surgically managed (18.4%). Most common form of orbital imaging was computed tomography (48.5%) followed by ocular ultrasound (18.2%). Fifteen of eighteen cultures (83.3%) showed growth of aerobic bacterial organisms, anaerobic bacterial organisms, or both. Most common aerobic bacteria were gram-negative bacilli (40.0%) followed by Corynebacterium sp. (26.7%) and α-hemolytic Streptococci sp. (26.7%) but Micrococcus and Bacillus spp. were also identified. Most common anaerobic bacteria were gram-negative bacilli (40.0%). Antibiotics with highest susceptibility patterns included gentamicin, followed equally by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, and imipenem. No bacteria were susceptible to cefovecin. Six cases presented with vision loss due to retrobulbar disease (15.8%). Idiopathic (50%) disease and tooth root abscessation (23.7%) were most commonly diagnosed cause of orbital disease. CONCLUSION: Retrobulbar cellulitis/abscess is a serious and vision-threatening process, which can be effectively managed by broad-spectrum antibiotics such as gentamicin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, but not cefovecin. This study identified three organisms that have not been previously reported to be associated with orbital cellulitis (Corynebacterium sp., Bacillus sp. and Micrococcus sp.).
Subject(s)
Cellulitis/veterinary , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Bacterial/veterinary , Orbital Diseases/veterinary , Animals , Bacillus/isolation & purification , Blindness/microbiology , Blindness/veterinary , Cellulitis/diagnosis , Cellulitis/epidemiology , Cellulitis/therapy , Corynebacterium/isolation & purification , Disease Susceptibility , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/microbiology , Dog Diseases/therapy , Dogs , Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Bacterial/epidemiology , Eye Infections, Bacterial/therapy , Female , Male , Micrococcus/isolation & purification , Orbital Diseases/diagnosis , Orbital Diseases/epidemiology , Orbital Diseases/therapy , Southeastern United States/epidemiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/veterinaryABSTRACT
Retrobulbar orbital abscess in children is a rare condition, and diagnosis and management can be challenging. We report the case of a 5-week-old male infant with retrobulbar orbital abscess secondary to acute dacryocystitis developed from a dacryocystocele. The patient presented with respiratory difficulty, sepsis and progressive clinical findings suggestive of post-septal cellulitis. He was successfully treated with endonasal incision of subturbinate dacryocystoceles followed by probing of the lacrimal ducts. Congenital dacryocystocele must be considered a differential diagnosis in infants with respiratory difficulty and may develop into a vision- and life-threatening condition requiring immediate intervention.
Subject(s)
Abscess/etiology , Dacryocystitis/complications , Eye Infections, Bacterial/etiology , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Staphylococcal Infections/etiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Dacryocystitis/congenital , Dacryocystitis/diagnostic imaging , Dacryocystitis/therapy , Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnostic imaging , Eye Infections, Bacterial/therapy , Humans , Infant , Male , Orbital Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Orbital Diseases/therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnostic imaging , Staphylococcal Infections/therapyABSTRACT
With a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the foot, and basic surgical instruments, digit surgery can be performed in field situations. Sepsis of the distal interphalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints should be treated surgically because conservative treatment is often ineffective. Most of the diseases described in this article are chronic and often the animals have been suffering for some time. Perioperative analgesia is important to alleviate the pain of those animals. All those procedures should be performed under local or regional anesthesia.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/surgery , Lameness, Animal/surgery , Sepsis/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , Chronic Disease , Sepsis/surgeryABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Abscess , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis , Drainage , Erythema , Exophthalmos , Eye , Eyelids , Molar , Orbit , Sinusitis , Tooth , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
It is not common that formation of retrobulbar abscess by inflammatory spreading of chronic frontal sinusitis and even rare that the abscess cause acute exophthalmos and ocular pain. But, if the acute exophthalmos with ocular pain arise from the patient associated with chronic rhinitis or paranasal sinusitis, it should be suspected that peri bulbar abscess was formed by spreading of these disease and otorhinologic examination should be taken. The authors experienced a case of acute exophthalmos with ocular pain in a 27-years old woman and founded that abscess arising from the chronic frontal sinusitis disrupted the superomedial wall of orbit and spread to the retrobulbar area by computed tomography and other radiologic evaluation. We had good result by performing incision and drainage and some otorhinologic therapy.
