Exploring How Self-care Language Is Used for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in the Canadian and American Literature.

Barbara Riegel's theory of self-care has been used to create a Self-Care of Heart Failure Index, which has been adapted by researchers into a Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI) for individuals living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The SCODI measures how an individual is currently caring for their T2DM to identify areas in need of health-care provider support. The SCODI tool appears to have widespread international dissemination, but it is unknown how the SCODI or Riegel's concept of self-care are being utilized in the Canadian or American diabetes literature. In this critical review we seek to determine how the concept of self-care, including Riegel's concept of self-care, and the SCODI are being utilized in the Canadian and American diabetes literature for adults with T2DM. Critical review methodology was used to identify publications that had an adult T2DM population and self-care language. All included studies (n=11) were assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement and Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist to determine methodologic quality. Included studies were of medium to high quality and often did not define or measure self-care. When studies measured self-care, they utilized the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) more often (46%) than the SCODI (18%). Future research should collaborate with the international community to set a clear definition of self-care and create a theory-driven approach to self-care for T2DM as well as consider understanding the differences and similarities between the SDSCA and SCODI tools.

Nosografia dos Transtornos Afetivos: um recorte histórico de Kraepelin ao DSM-5 / Nosography of Affective Disorders: A historical review from Kraepelin to DSM-5 / Nosographie des troubles affectifs: un aperçu historique de Kraepelin au DSM-5 / Nosografia de los trastornos afectivos: un corte histórico de Kraepelin al DSM-5

A nosografia dos transtornos do humor e do afeto relaciona-se diretamente com as formas de apreensão dos quadros clínicos em cada contexto histórico. É indagado se o resgate histórico contribuiria para melhor compreensão e utilização da atual nosologia dos transtornos de humor. Objetiva-se realizar uma revisão histórica e crítica acerca de suas transformações conceituais e nosológicas com enfoque ao campo médico-psiquiátrico. O recorte pretendido se inicia com a proposição da "Insanidade Maníaco-Depressiva" por Emil Kraepelin em 1899, que é confrontada com as propostas pós-kraepelianas, em especial as de Karl Leonhard. Analisa-se a influência dessas na criação dos sistemas diagnósticos operacionalizados, DSM e CID. O "Transtorno Bipolar" foi um constructo introduzido pelo DSM-III e se mantém em uso até os dias atuais. Aborda-se também propostas posteriores, como a do "Espectro Bipolar".

Nosography of mood and affective disorders is directly related to how clinical pictures are understood in each historical context. Inquiring on whether a historical recollection would contribute to a better understanding and use of the current nosology of mood disorders, the study carries out a historical and critical review of its conceptual and nosological transformations on the medical-psychiatric field. Starting from Emil Kraepelin's "Manic-Depressive Insanity," proposed in 1899, the text confronts this concept with post-Kraepelian proposals, especially those of Karl Leonhard. It then analyzes their influence in the creation of two operationalized diagnostic systems — DSM and ICD. "Bipolar Disorder," a construct introduced by the DSM-III, remains in use today. Later proposals are also addressed, such as the "Bipolar Spectrum".

La nosographie des troubles de l'humeur et des troubles affectifs est directement liée à la manière dont les tableaux cliniques sont compris dans chaque contexte historique. En se demandant si un rappel historique contribuerait à une meilleure compréhension et utilisation de la nosologie actuelle des troubles de l'humeur, l'étude procède a un examen historique et critique de ses transformations conceptuelles et nosologiques dans le domaine médico-psychiatrique. Partant de la "Folie maniaco-dépressive" d'Emil Kraepelin, proposée en 1899, l'article confronte ce concept aux propositions post-Kraepeliennes, notamment celles de Karl Leonhard. On analyse ensuite leurs influence dans la création de systèmes de diagnostic opérationnalisés — le DSM et la CIM. Le "trouble bipolaire", une construction introduite par le DSM-III, est toujours utilisé aujourd'hui. D'autres propositions sont égalemment abordées, comme le "spectre bipolaire".

La nosografía de los trastornos afectivos está directamente relacionada con las formas en que se aprehenden las condiciones clínicas en cada contexto histórico. Se pregunta si la revisión histórica contribuiría a una mejor comprensión y uso de la nosología actual de los trastornos del humor. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión histórica y crítica de sus transformaciones conceptuales y nosológicas con un enfoque en el campo médico-psiquiátrico. El recorte comienza con la propuesta en el texto "Locura maníaco-depresiva", de Emil Kraepelin, en 1899, que se enfrenta a propuestas postkraepelianas, especialmente las de Karl Leonhard. Se analiza la influencia de estas propuestas en la creación de sistemas diagnósticos operacionalizados, el Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM) y la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CID). El "trastorno bipolar" es una construcción introducida por el DSM-3 y sigue en uso hoy. También se abordan propuestas posteriores, como la del "espectro bipolar".