Short-term efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinitis of all ages / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the short-term efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinitis of all ages.Methods:The data of 230 patients with allergic rhinitis of all ages who received sublingual immunotherapy in The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu from November 2020 to September 2021 were included in this study. Patient distribution characteristics were analyzed. Ninety-three patients were randomly selected and divided into child, adolescent, and adult groups according to different ages. Total nasal symptom scores measured before and 4 months after sublingual immunotherapy were compared among patients of different ages to evaluate the short-term efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy. The skin prick test was used to determine the allergic state of patients. Change in total nasal symptom score after treatment relative to that before treatment was used to evaluate the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy.Results:The age range of patients receiving sublingual immunotherapy was large (3-71 years), but the average age was only 17.70 years. Ninety-three patients were followed up, including 50 children and 43 adolescents or adults. After 4 months of sublingual immunotherapy, total nasal symptom score in children and adolescents or adults were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment [(3.66 ± 1.69) points vs. (6.60 ± 1.96) points, (3.49 ± 1.72) points vs. (6.28 ± 2.28) points, both P < 0.001]. Before and after treatment, there was no significant difference in total nasal symptom score between children and adolescents or adults (both P > 0.05). Conclusion:Patients with allergic rhinitis who receive sublingual immunotherapy tend to be young. Short-term sublingual immunotherapy is effective for allergic rhinitis. There is no remarkable difference in the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy between patients with allergic rhinitis of all ages.

Research progress in the effects of atopic dermatitis on progression of allergic reactions in children / 中国基层医药

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that appears in the early days of life. Atopic dermatitis is reportedly associated with various allergic diseases. It may affect the progression of allergic reactions in children. This review collects the data regarding the incidence of atopic dermatitis and the relationship between atopic dermatitis and allergic diseases, providing great clinical significance for further understanding the annual increase in the incidence of allergic diseases in children.

Desloratadine combined with Tongqiao Biyan capsule for the treatment of allergic rhinitis / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effects of desloratadine combined with Tongqiao Biyan capsule on allergic rhinitis. Methods:100 patients with allergic rhinitis who received treatment in The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Ningbo University from February 2018 to February 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either desloratadine tablets (control group, n = 50) or desloratadine tablets combined with Tongqiao Biyan capsule (observation group, n = 50) for 21 days. Improvement in clinical symptoms and changes in inflammatory factors were observed in each group. Results:Scores of nasal itch, nasal obstruction, runny nose, and sneezing in the observation group were (1.42 ± 0.10) points, (1.20 ± 0.13) points, (1.25 ± 0.13) points, and (1.33 ± 0.14) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(1.80 ± 0.12) points, (1.68 ± 0.15) points, (1.68 ± 0.11) points, (1.68 ± 0.13) points, t = 17.20, 17.10, 17.85, 12.95, all P < 0.001]. After treatment, interleukin -4, -6, -8 levels in the observation group were (16.12 ± 5.05) ng/L, (5.33 ± 2.10) ng/L, (37.16 ± 9.80) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(21.52 ± 5.58) ng/L, (8.12 ± 2.15) ng/L, (48.55 ± 9.65) ng/L, t = 5.07, 6.56, 5.86, all P < 0.05]. Interferon-γ level was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group [(26.58 ± 2.58) ng/L vs. (23.68 ± 2.69) ng/L, t = 5.50, P < 0.001]. After treatment, the total score of the quality of life questionnaire was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group [(61.58 ± 8.57) points vs. (40.98 ± 8.35) points, t = 12.17, P < 0.001]. There was no significant difference in total incidence of adverse reactions between observation and control groups [10.00% (5/50) vs. 14.00% (7/50), χ2 = 0.38, P > 0.05]. Conclusion:Desloratadine combined with Tongqiao Biyan capsule can better improve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and better reduce inflammation without increasing adverse drug reactions compared with desloratadine alone.

Helicobacter pylori in allergic and non-allergic rhinitis does play a protective or causative role?

PURPOSE: Many studies have investigated the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization on the development of allergic diseases, but with conflicting results. The purpose of this cross-sectional observation study is to estimate H. pylori prevalence in allergic and nonallergic nasal conditions and compare with normal population. METHODS: 274 patients were tested for H. pylori with stool antigen test. Patients were compared with the control group for H. pylori positivity rates after they were categorized according to their primary diagnoses as mite allergy, pollen allergy, mite and pollen allergy, and non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilic syndrome (NARES). Results were also classified according to age. RESULTS: The number of H. pylori-positive patients with mite allergy, mite and pollen allergy, and NARES were significantly higher than the control group in sadults. The percentages of patients in the pediatric group who had mite allergy, pollen allergy, mite and pollen allergy, or NARES were not significantly different when compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Forthcoming studies would undoubtedly evaluate of the profits of treating allergic nasal conditions by treating the aforementioned bacterial infection.

[The mechanism and treatment of nasal obstruction in allergic rhinitis].

SummaryNasal obstruction is one of the main symptoms of allergic rhinitis（AR） as well as one of the most common complains in the otolaryngology department. Among the many causes of nasal congestion, such as inflammation and anatomy, the most common clinical cause is the nasal mucosal inflammatory response that caused by AR. The nasal congestion caused by AR can induce nighttime sleep disturbance and mental-psychological burden. Nasal congestion has a greater impact on children, which can directly affect growth and development due to affecting nighttime sleep, and may even affect maxillofacial development, which should be paid special attention by physicians. According to the particularity of AR nasal congestion, this review summarizes how to carry out clinical consultation, select specialist examination and objective examination methods, and develop the optimal treatment strategy.

Effects of scoparone on the expression of RORγt and related factors in experimental allergic rhinitis rats / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of behavior, pathology, the serum IL-17, IL-23 level, and the expressing of RORγt, IL-17 and IL-23 mRNA in nasal tissues of experimental allergic rhinitis rats after the scoparone treatment. METHODS The animal model were divided into 4 groups: normal control group(group NC), allergic rhinitis group(group AR), artemolactone group(group Sco) and dexamethasone group(group Dxm). The symptom score, HE staining of the nasal mucosa, IL-17 and IL-23 level in serum measured by ELISA, the RORγt, IL-17 and IL-23 mRNA level detected by RTPCR. RESULTS Symptoms and inflammatory pathology were relieved in the experimental group after scoparone treatment. The serum levels of the IL-17, IL-23 in group Sco and group Dxm were little higher than that in group NC. The levels of RORγt, IL-17 and IL-23 mRNA in group AR were significantly higher than that in the other three groups. The levels of RORγt, IL-17 and IL-23 mRNA in group Sco and group Dxm were little higher than that in the group NC. CONCLUSION Sco could significantly inhibited or eliminated the allergy symptoms of AR in rats, and could reduce the severity and inflammatory response of diseases.

Effect and mechanism of PPAR gamma agonist on allergic rhinitis in mice / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To invest igate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of PPAR gamma agonist on allergic rhinitis(AR) in mice. METHODS AR murine model was established by OVA sensitization and challenge. The behavior observation was used to understand the improvement effect of PIO on AR symptoms. The morphological characteristics of nasal tissues were observed by HE staining. The total RNA was extracted to investigate the level of mRNA expression of Foxp3, T-bet and GATA-3. The changes of CD4+Foxp3+T cells in spleen of mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS BALB/c mice received OVA sensitization followed by OVA intranasal challenge, the frequencies of sneezing and nose-scratching increased signif icantly in AR group compared with control group. The frequencies decreased significantly in PIO group, compared with AR group. The continuity of nasal mucosa ciliated columnar epithelium in AR group was destroyed and appeared to be repaired in PIO group. Inflammatory cells infiltration was also markedly decreased by PIO treatment. PIO significantly increased the expression of Foxp3 mRNA(P ＜0.001) compared with AR and control group. There was no significant difference in T-bet between PIO group and AR group, but the expression of GATA-3 mRA in PIO group was significantly lower than AR group. The proportion of CD4+Foxp3+T cells in AR group (4.43％±0.25％) decreased compared with control group (5.19％±0.39％) (P ＜0.001). PIO treatment induced production of Tregs (6.35％±0.37％) compaered with control group(P ＜0.001). CONCLUSION PPAR-gamma agonist can effectively alleviate allergic symptoms of mice and regulate the balance of Th1/Th2. The role of PPAR gamma agonist in the treatment of AR may be the amplification of Tregs by promoting Foxp3 expression.

Prevalence and risk factors of uncontrolled allergic rhinitis / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE We used Al lergic Rhinitis Control Test (ARCT) questionnaire to evaluate the control level of allergic rhinitis, in order to get the data of prevalence rate, epidemiological characters and risk factors of uncontrolled allergic rhinitis. METHODS Patients with AR were recruited from our department and the treatment based on the Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma(ARIA) guidelines. Telephone interview will be taken after 2 weeks in these patients, compared to symptoms, impact on quality of life, ARCT value before and after treatment. RESULTS Among 134 patients enrolled, moderate/severe AR account for 95％. After 2 weeks of treatment, both symptom and quality of life were marked improvement(P <0.001). Patients with uncontrolled AR(26.1％) at day 15 more frequently presented higher height and weight(P <0.001), history of ear, nose, and throat(ENT) infection or antibiotics intake for respiratory infection in the last 12 months (40.4％ versus 62.9％, P =0.022), smoking (4.0％ versus 17.1％, P =0.02), and smell disturbance (10.1％ versus 25.7％, P =0.044). CONCLUSION Most of AR patients have remarkable improvements in symptom and quality of life after treatment, but 26.1％ of patients still remain uncontrolled. Smoking and nose infection are risk factors of uncontrolled AR.

Effects of budesonide nasal spray and ebastine combined with Xinqin granule on symptom improvement and serum T cell subsets and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) levels in patients with allergic rhinitis / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To investigate the effect of budesonide nasal spray and ebastine combined with Xinqin granule on symptom improvement and serum T cell subsets and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) levels in patients with allergic rhinitis.@*Methods@#From February 2015 to April 2017, 107 cases of allergic rhinitis in Yuncheng Central Hospital were divided into two groups according to the different ways of treatment.Fifty-three cases in the control group were treated with budesonide nasal spray and ebastine, 54 cases in the study group were treated with Xinqin granule based on the control group.The improvement of nasal congestion, sneezing, runny nose, nasal itching symptom score and serum VCAM-1, T cell subsets (CD3＋, CD4＋, CD19＋) levels of the two groups were analyzed and compared before treatment and after half a month of the treatment.The clinical effect and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#After treatment for half a month, the nasal congestion, sneezing, runny nose, nasal itching symptom scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group(all P<0.05). The clinical effect of the study group[87.04%(47/54)] was higher than that of the control group[67.92%(31/53), χ2=2.970, P<0.05]. After treatment for half a month, the serum VCAM-1, CD3＋, CD4＋ and CD19＋ levels in the study group were better than those in the control group[(572.26±120.67)ng/L vs.(864.87±238.56)ng/L, (68.69±3.31)% vs.(72.08±4.29)%, (39.79±3.28)% vs.(44.61±4.78)%, (10.79±1.64)% vs.(13.61±2.18)%](all P<0.05). The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the study group was 11.11%(6/54). which in the control group was 5.66%(3/53), the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=0.445, P=0.504).@*Conclusion@#Budesonide nasal spray and ebastine combined with Xinqin granule in the treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis has significant effect.It can significantly improve the levels of serum VCAM-1 and T cell subsets with high security.

Clinical effect of Shufeng Tongqiao and Yifei Jianpi prescription in the treatment of allergic rhinitis / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To explore the clinical effect of Shufeng Tongqiao and Yifei Jianpi prescription in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.@*Methods@#From September 2015 to October 2017, 60 patients with allergic rhinitis in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Tongxiang were selected according to include and exclude standards.The patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table, with 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conventional western medicine: loratadine tablets combined with budesonide nasal spray.The treatment group was given traditional Chinese medicine on the basis of the control group.Before and after treatment, the nasal congestion, runny nose, nasal itching, sneezing four indicators were recorded in the two groups.And nasal discharge, tears flowed pharyngeal from eye pain, oral cavity on the forehead, nose, or pain, headache, five secondary indicators, as well as in the case of a change rhinitis, quality of life questionnaire were collected.The data were statistically analyzed.@*Results@#Before treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in the main symptoms, secondary symptoms, serum IgE and quality of life between the two groups (all P>0.05). After 3 months of treatment, all the indicators in the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). In addition, the improvement of main symptoms and serum IgE in the treatment group were better than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (z/t=-2.708, -2.033, -3.757, -2.208, -2.432; P=0.007, 0.042, 0.000, 0.027, 0.018), but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of subtypes and quality of life improvement (P=0.488, 0.448, 0.519, 0.228, 0.278, 0.338). After 1 year of follow-up, the mean scores of each group were analyzed and compared.The indicators in the treatment group showed a different degree of recovery after 3 months of treatment.However, compared with before treatment, the indicators were still significantly improved.The scores of nasal obstruction, runny nose, nasal itching, sneezing, quality of life, and serum IgE in the treatment group were (1.13±0.81)points, (1.00±0.94)points, (0.93±0.74)points, (1.00±0.74)points, (6.13±2.30)points, (92.23±12.55)points, compared with those before treatment, the differences were statistically significant (t/z=-5.575, -5.222, -6.281, -5.918, 5.633, 9.199, all P<0.01). Compared with the control group, all indicators were significantly better, the differences were statistically significant (z/t=-2.388, -2.390, -2.738, -2.350, 4.800, 4.022, 4.444, 4.356, 5.934, -2.023, -4.381; P=0.017, 0.017, 0.006, 0.019, 0.028, 0.045, 0.035, 0.037, 0.015, 0.048, 0.000). After 3 months of clinical treatment and 1 year follow-up analysis, the total effective rate of the treatment group was 93.3%, that of the control group was 86.7%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (Z=-2.221, P=0.026).@*Conclusion@#The clinical efficacy of Shufeng Tongqiao and Yifei Jianpi prescription combined with western medicine in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is more significant than conventional western medicine alone, and the long-term efficacy is significant, which can effectively reduce the symptoms of patients, improve the quality of life of patients, and significantly reduce the level of serum IgE.

Effects of budesonide nasal spray and ebastine combined with Xinqin granule on symptom improvement and serum T cell subsets and vascular cell adhesion molecule－1(VCAM－1) levels in patients with allergic rhinitis / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the effect of budesonide nasal spray and ebastine combined with Xinqin granule on symptom improvement and serum T cell subsets and vascular cell adhesion molecule －1 ( VCAM －1) levels in patients with allergic rhinitis.Methods From February 2015 to April 2017,107 cases of allergic rhinitis in Yuncheng Central Hospital were divided into two groups according to the different ways of treatment .Fifty －three cases in the control group were treated with budesonide nasal spray and ebastine ,54 cases in the study group were treated with Xinqin granule based on the control group.The improvement of nasal congestion ,sneezing,runny nose, nasal itching symptom score and serum VCAM －1,T cell subsets (CD+3 ,CD+4 ,CD+19 ) levels of the two groups were analyzed and compared before treatment and after half a month of the treatment .The clinical effect and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment for half a month , the nasal congestion,sneezing,runny nose,nasal itching symptom scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group(all P＜0.05).The clinical effect of the study group [87.04%(47／54)] was higher than that of the control group[67.92%(31／53),χ2 ＝2.970,P＜0.05].After treatment for half a month,the serum VCAM－1,CD+3 ,CD+4 and CD+19 levels in the study group were better than those in the control group [(572.26 ±120.67)ng／L vs.(864.87 ± 238.56)ng／L,(68.69 ±3.31)% vs.(72.08 ±4.29)%,(39.79 ±3.28)% vs.(44.61 ±4.78)%,(10.79 ± 1.64)%vs.(13.61 ±2.18)%] ( all P＜0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the study group was 11.11%(6／54).which in the control group was 5.66%(3／53),the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 ＝0.445,P＝0.504).Conclusion Budesonide nasal spray and ebastine combined with Xinqin granule in the treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis has significant effect.It can significantly improve the levels of serum VCAM －1 and T cell subsets with high security.

Clinical effect of Shufeng Tongqiao and Yifei Jianpi prescription in the treatment of allergic rhinitis / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the clinical effect of Shufeng Tongqiao and Yifei Jianpi prescription in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.Methods From September 2015 to October 2017,60 patients with allergic rhinitis in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Tongxiang were selected according to include and exclude standards.The patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conventional western medicine:loratadine tablets combined with budesonide nasal spray.The treatment group was given traditional Chinese medicine on the basis of the control group.Before and after treatment,the nasal congestion,runny nose,nasal itching,sneezing four indicators were recorded in the two groups.And nasal discharge,tears flowed pharyngeal from eye pain,oral cavity on the forehead,nose,or pain,headache,five secondary indicators,as well as in the case of a change rhinitis,quality of life questionnaire were collected.The data were statistically analyzed.Results Before treatment,there were no statistically significant differences in the main symptoms,secondary symptoms,serum IgE and quality of life between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).After 3 months of treatment,all the indicators in the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the improvement of main symptoms and serum IgE in the treatment group were better than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (z/t =-2.708,-2.033,-3.757,-2.208,-2.432;P =0.007,0.042,0.000,0.027,0.018),but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of subtypes and quality of life improvement (P =0.488,0.448,0.519,0.228,0.278,0.338).After 1 year of follow-up,the mean scores of each group were analyzed and compared.The indicators in the treatment group showed a different degree of recovery after 3 months of treatment.However,compared with before treatment,the indicators were still significantly improved.The scores of nasal obstruction,runny nose,nasal itching,sneezing,quality of life,and serum IgE in the treatment group were (1.13 ± 0.81) points,(1.00 ± 0.94) points,(0.93 ± 0.74) points,(1.00 ± 0.74) points,(6.13 ± 2.30) points,(92.23 ± 12.55)points,compared with those before treatment,the differences were statistically significant (t/z =-5.575,-5.222,-6.281,-5.918,5.633,9.199,all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control group,all indicators were significantly better,the differences were statistically significant (z/t =-2.388,-2.390,-2.738,-2.350,4.800,4.022,4.444,4.356,5.934,-2.023,-4.381;P =0.017,0.017,0.006,0.019,0.028,0.045,0.035,0.037,0.015,0.048,0.000).After 3 months of clinical treatment and 1 year follow-up analysis,the total effective rate of the treatment group was 93.3％,that of the control group was 86.7％,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (Z =-2.221,P =0.026).Conclusion The clinical efficacy of Shufeng Tongqiao and Yifei Jianpi prescription combined with western medicine in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is more significant than conventional western medicine alone,and the long-term efficacy is significant,which can effectively reduce the symptoms of patients,improve the quality of life of patients,and significantly reduce the level of serum IgE.

[Effects of sIL-13Rα2 on the nasal mucosa goblet cell apoptosis of allergic rhinitis of rats].

Objective: To investigate the effects of sIL-13Rα2 on the apoptosis of goblet cell in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis rats. Methods: Forty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 rats per group): control group (group A), AR group (group B), sIL-13Rα2 group (group C) and triamcinolone acetonide group (group D). Ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide were used to establish the AR rat model. After the establishment of AR rat models, 50 µl PBS, 100 µg/50 µl IL-13Rα2 and 3.5 µg/50 µl triamcinolone acetonide were respectively dropped into each nasal cavity of every rat two times a week from 4 to 10 week in group B, group C and group D. Group A was operated with saline instead of OVA. The nasal mucosa tissues were collected at 24 h after the final administration. AB-PAS staining method was used to detect the quantity and secretion of goblet cells in the nasal mucosa tissue of all groups. Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression of Bax proteins.Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method.ANOVA analysis was used to compare multiple groups, and LSD-t test was used to compare the two groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the Bax positive cell rate of goblet cells and the rate of apoptotic cells. The difference was statistically significant with P<0.05. Results: Compared with group A, there were more goblet cells and hypersecretion of mucus in the nasal mucosa tissue of rats in group B while fewer in group C. The goblet cells in group C and group D were significantly fewer than that in group B (0.639 00±0.831 vs 0.956 7±0.980, 0.661 90±0.657 vs 0.956 7±0.980, t value was 2.748, 2.767, respectively, all P<0.05). The immunohistochemistry results showed that the positive expression rates of Bax protein in goblet cells of group C and group D were significantly higher than that in group B (0.880 2±0.125 vs 0.568 7±0.953, 0.938 4±0.200 vs 0.568 7±0.953, t value was -2.292, -2.685, respectively, all P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of goblet cell in nasal mucosa of group C and group D were also significantly higher than that in group B (0.516 0±0.079 vs 0.274 0±0.056, 0.535 4±0.829 vs 0.274 0±0.056, t value was -17.671, -2.225, respectively, all P<0.05). The expression of Bax protein and apoptosis of goblet cells were positively correlated (r=0.859, P<0.01). Conclusion: sIL-13Rα2 can induce apoptosis of the goblet cells in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis rats, by inhibiting IL-13 and up regulating Bax.

Effects of sIL-13Rα2 on the nasal mucosa goblet cell apoptosis of allergic rhinitis of rats / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effects of sIL-13Rα2 on the apoptosis of goblet cell in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis rats.@*Methods@#Forty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 rats per group): control group (group A), AR group (group B), sIL-13Rα2 group (group C) and triamcinolone acetonide group (group D). Ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide were used to establish the AR rat model. After the establishment of AR rat models, 50 μl PBS, 100 μg/50 μl IL-13Rα2 and 3.5 μg/50 μl triamcinolone acetonide were respectively dropped into each nasal cavity of every rat two times a week from 4 to 10 week in group B, group C and group D. Group A was operated with saline instead of OVA. The nasal mucosa tissues were collected at 24 h after the final administration. AB-PAS staining method was used to detect the quantity and secretion of goblet cells in the nasal mucosa tissue of all groups. Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression of Bax proteins.Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method.ANOVA analysis was used to compare multiple groups, and LSD-t test was used to compare the two groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the Bax positive cell rate of goblet cells and the rate of apoptotic cells. The difference was statistically significant with P<0.05.@*Results@#Compared with group A, there were more goblet cells and hypersecretion of mucus in the nasal mucosa tissue of rats in group B while fewer in group C. The goblet cells in group C and group D were significantly fewer than that in group B (0.639 00±0.831 vs 0.956 7±0.980, 0.661 90±0.657 vs 0.956 7±0.980, t value was 2.748, 2.767, respectively, all P<0.05). The immunohistochemistry results showed that the positive expression rates of Bax protein in goblet cells of group C and group D were significantly higher than that in group B (0.880 2±0.125 vs 0.568 7±0.953, 0.938 4±0.200 vs 0.568 7±0.953, t value was -2.292, -2.685, respectively, all P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of goblet cell in nasal mucosa of group C and group D were also significantly higher than that in group B (0.516 0±0.079 vs 0.274 0±0.056, 0.535 4±0.829 vs 0.274 0±0.056, t value was -17.671, -2.225, respectively, all P<0.05). The expression of Bax protein and apoptosis of goblet cells were positively correlated (r=0.859, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#sIL-13Rα2 can induce apoptosis of the goblet cells in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis rats, by inhibiting IL-13 and up regulating Bax.

Meta analysis of the risk of air pollution in children with allergic rhinitis / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To carry out a meta analysis on the results of all conducted studies to present valid information about the impact of air pollution exposure on the risk of allergic rhinitis in children. METHODS PubMed, Science, Google Scholar and MDPI database were searched up to January 1, 2012 to July 1, 2017, including the observational studies about air pollution and children with allergic rhinitis. Combie cross-sectional study evaluation tool and NOS scale were used to evaluate the quality of literature. The odds ratio of representative air pollutants(NO2, SO2, PM10) exposed to the risk of allergic rhinitis in children and it 95％ confidence interval as effects, and based on the heterogeneity analysis and publication bias test of Review Manager 5.3 software. The effects were analyzed by fixed or random effects model. RESULTS Finally, 6 studies were included in the meta analysis (4 cross-sectional studies, 2 cohort studies). The results showed that exposure to nitrogen dioxide increased the risk of allergic rhinitis(OR=1.22, 95％CI[1.04, 1.42], P=0.01), exposing tosulfur dioxideincreased the risk of allergic rhinitis(OR=1.06, 95％CI[0.96, 1.18], P=0.23), and PM10 increased the risk of allergic rhinitis(OR=1.13, 95％CI[1.04, 1.23], P=0, 004). CONCLUSION Air pollution is a risk factor for allergic rhinitis in children, and the risk of allergic rhinitis will be increase when exposed to NO2 and PM10.

Diagnostic value of Eos in nasal secretion of allergic rhinitis patients to predict serum slgE level / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the distribution of eosinophils(Eos) of nasal secretion and serum specific IgE(sIgE) titer in patients with allergic rhinitis, and to evaluate the diagnostic value of Eos in nasal secretion for allergic rhinitis. METHODS A total of 60 allergic rhinitis patients from Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Shunyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine during Jan.2016 to June 2017 were selected as treatment group, and another 60 cases of non-allergic rhinitis and 30 normal persons in the corresponding time period were chosen as control group. Eos in nasal secretions and serum sIgE were measured in all the subjects and the relationship between Eos distribution and serum sIgE level was analyzed. RESULTS The Eos distribution and serum level of sIgE was consistent(κ=0.264, P=0.000) and statistical significance was found. The area of ROC of the Eos in nasal secretion was 0.881, the standard deviation was 0.025 and 95％ confidence interval was 0.841 to 0.924. The Udden index of ROC reached the maximum when the Eos in nasal secretion smear was graded as level 3, the sensitivity was 88.5％ and specificity was 99.4％. CONCLUSION Eos cytological examination of nasal secretions has some auxiliary value in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. It is a cheap, simple and rapid method, which can be used as an effective reference index for diagnosing allergic rhinitis in primary hospital.

Evaluación clínica del tratamiento de la rinitis alérgica perenne con spray nasal de Fluticasona y Azelastina / Clinical evaluation of perennial allergic rhinitis treatment with Fluticasone and Azelastine nasal spray

Introducción: La azelastina es un antihistamínico tópico nasal, exento de los molestos efectos sistémicos, la cual asociada con fluticasona, ha mostrado excelentes resultados en el control de la rinitis alérgica. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados del tratamiento del spray nasal de azelastina y fluticasona. Diseño: Observacional descriptivo prospectivo. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 76 pacientes de ambos sexos, con edades entre los 12 y 59 años, con diagnóstico de rinitis alérgica en el que se midieron los síntomas: obstrucción, prurito, estornudos y rinorrea. La severidad de los síntomas fue valorada por el propio paciente de 0 a 10 pretratamiento, a la semana, dos, tres y cuatro semanas de iniciado el tratamiento, el cual fue igual para todos los pacientes, con control ambiental y la atomización de 2 puff en cada fosa nasal del spray de azelastina y fluticasona. Se hizo seguimiento de los síntomas nasales y la aparición de efectos colaterales. Resultados: Se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el puntaje obtenido previo al tratamiento y en la evaluación posterior desde la primera semana de uso y hasta el momento del seguimiento final a la cuarta semana (p<0,0001 Friedman F). Conclusiones: El spray nasal de azelastina y fluticasona, es muy útil en el control de los síntomas de rinitis alérgica, mostrando además un adecuado perfil de seguridad.

Introduction: Azelastine, is a topical nasal antihistamine free of systemic effects, the quality associated with fluticasone, has been excellent in the control of allergic rhinitis. Objective: To evaluate the results of the treatment of the nasal spray of azelastine and fluticasone. Design: Prospective and descriptive study. Methods: 76 patients of both sexes, aged between 12 and 59 years, with a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in which the symptoms were measured: obstruction, pruritus, sneezing and rhinorrhea. The severity of each symptom was assessed by the patient from 0 to 10 before and after a week, two, three and four weeks, which was the same for all patients, with environmental control and the atomization of 2 puffs in each nostril of the azelastine and fluticasone spray. A follow-up of nasal symptoms and the appearance of side effects. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the score obtained before the treatment and in the subsequent evaluation from the first week until the time of the final follow-up at the fourth week (p <0.0001 Friedman F). Conclusion: The nasal spray of azelastine and fluticasone is very useful in the control of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

[Efficacy and safety of specific sublingual immunotherapy in children with allergic asthma and rhinitis].

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of specific sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with Dermatophagoides farina drops in different courses with allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis.Method:This study retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of SLIT in 158 children with allergic asthma and rhinitis which induced by house dust mites. The children were treated with Dermatophagoides farina drops; clinical observation and follow-up study were conducted. According to the treatment duration, children were divided into 4 groups (1-year, 2-year, 3-year, and 4-year). Symptom scores and medication scores were recorded at each visit. Asthma symptom scores (day and night), the rhinitis symptom scoresand medication scores were evaluated in 4 groups before and after SLIT. The adverse events during the treatment were collected.Result:There were significant differences in asthma symptom scores (day, night), asthma medication scores, rhinitis symptom scores, rhinitis medication scores among children who accepted 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 4-year SLI treatment as compared with baseline (P< 0.01). As compared with 1-year, 2-year, 3-year groups, the asthma medication scores of 4-year group had obviously decrease (P< 0.05). Rhinitis medication score of SLIT3 years group was significantly lower than 2 years group (P< 0.05). Asthma symptom scores in the day, asthma symptom scores at night, rhinitis symptom scores of four groups children had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).Conclusion:Different courses of sublingual immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides farina drops had significant effects; the 4-year course of treatment showed the best effect.

Expression of SerpinB2 and SerpinB4 genes in nasal brushings in allergic rhinitis / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of SerpinB2 and SerpinB4 genes in cells from the nasal brushings in allergic rhinitis(AR) patients, and their relationships with eosinophil numbers in nasal brushings, serum total IgE level and severity of AR. METHODS Twenty nine control subjects and 59 AR patients[29 specific IgE positive AR(sIgE-P-AR) patients, 30 specific IgE negative self reported AR(sIgE-N-SR-AR) patients] were recruited. The samples of nasal brushings and peripheral blood were collected to detect SerpinB2 and SerpinB4 gene expression and eosinophil numbers in nasal brushings, and total IgE and allergen-specific IgE level in peripheral blood. RESULTS Expression of SerpinB2 and SerpinB4 genes in cells from nasal brushings were significantly higher in sIgE-P-AR [5.17(2.33-18.96), 0.6(0.355-1.08), respectively] and sIgE-N-SR-AR [3.27(1.59-13.4), 0.75(0.42-1.64), respectively] than that in control subjects[1.21(0.1-3.285), 0.29(0.165-0.505)] (sIgE-P-AR:P=0.013; sIgE-N-SR-AR:P=0.002). Expression level of SerpinB2 and SerpinB4 had no relationships with eosinophil numbers in nasal brushings and serum total IgE level. Expression of SerpinB2 in moderate/severe AR[4.74(2.68-47.5)] was significantly higher than that in mild AR[(1.333-5.603)](P=0.025); while expression of SerpinB4 in mild AR[3.95(2.6-7.59)] was significantly higher than that in moderate/ severe AR[2.83(0.715-5)](P=0.042). CONCLUSION SerpinB2 and SerpinB4 genes might be involved in the pathogenesis of AR, and their diagnostic values in AR deserve to be evaluated with larger samples.