ABSTRACT
La Gestación adolescente puede traer consecuencias negativas para la díada. Su aparición, podría relacionarse con el estilo de apego de la joven madre, y a su vez dicho patrón relacionarse con la presencia de depresión prenatal y de dificultad en la vinculación con su bebé. Estudio tipo caso-control cuyo objetivo fue comparar el estilo de apego de las gestantes adolescentes versus adultas y su relación con el riesgo relacional de la díada y sintomatología depresiva en ambos grupos. Se les aplicó Escala Edinburgo, Instrumento De Lazos Parentales y Escala De Riesgo Relacional Prenatal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 29 casos y 29 controles. Las gestantes adolescentes, resultaron tener menor porcentaje de apego seguro con su figura de apego primaria (17,2% v/s 44,8%), mayor riesgo de depresión prenatal (41,33% v/s 17,2%) y alto riesgo relacional (51,7% v/s 24%), todas diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Se justifica la necesidad de diseñar intervenciones preventivas enfocadas en minimizar estos riesgos. Palabras Claves: Apego, Gestación Adolescente, depresión prenatal, riesgo relacional.
Adolescent pregnancy can have negative consequences for the dyad. Its appearance could be related to the attachment style of the young mother, and that pattern be related to the presence of prenatal depression and difficulty in bonding with their baby.This is a case-control study where the aim was to compare the style of attachment of adolescents versus adult pregnant women and their relationship with the relational risk of the dyad and depressive symptoms in both groups. We applied the Edinburg Scale, the Parental Bonding Instrument and the Prenatal Relational Risk Scale. The sample consisted of 29 cases and 29 controls. Pregnant teenagers were found to have a lower percentage of secure attachment with their primary attachment figure (17.2% v / s 44.8%), increased risk of prenatal depression (41.33% v / s 17.2%) and high relational risk (51.7% v / s 24%). All differences were statistically significant. The need to design preventive interventions focused on minimizing these risks are justified.Keywords: Attachment, Adolescent Pregnancy, Prenatal Depression, Relational Risk.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Clinical evidence reveals the importance of mother-newborn bonding experience for health promoting and maintenance of human life. If the newborn lacks care and affection, she/he may develop an attachment disorder. A predictive scale regarding the risk of mothernewborn relationships is available, which makes possible an early intervention to prevent the development of relational disorders. The aim of this study is to apply the Kimelman measurement scale to determine the relational risk in mother-newborn pairs, as well as the prevalence and the associated biopsychosocial variables. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 333 mother-infant pairs in postpartum maternity at Temuco hospital. The Kimelman mother-newborn attachment assessment guide was used. Biopsychosocial variables were obtained from the mothers studied. The association of biopsychosocial variables with relational risk was analyzed using OR and confidence intervals of 95%. RESULTS: The prevalence of high relational risk was 43.8%. The associated biopsychosocial variables included, women with no steady partner, single parent, teenage mothers, unwanted and unplanned pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Almost half of the mothers were in the high risk group. Early identification of relational risk and its related variables could help in the intervention in this vulnerable group.
Subject(s)
Mother-Child Relations/psychology , Mothers/psychology , Object Attachment , Adolescent , Adult , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Postpartum Period , Pregnancy , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Introducción: Existen pruebas clínicas que revelan la importancia del vínculo seguro para la salud y para el mantenimiento coherente de la vida humana. Si el recién nacido carece de cuidados y afectos podría desarrollar un trastorno del apego. Existe una escala predictiva de riesgo relacional que permitiría intervenir precozmente en la díada madre-recién nacido, para prevenir el desarrollo de trastornos vinculares. El objetivo fue aplicar la escala de Kimelman para riesgo relacional en díadas madre-recién nacido, para determinar la prevalencia y las variables biopsicosociales asociadas. Pacientes y Método: Estudio de corte transversal con una muestra no probabilística de 333 díadas que permanecen en puerperio en la maternidad del hospital de Temuco. Se utilizó la pauta de evaluación relacional madre-recién nacidos de Kimelman. Las variables biopsicosociales se obtuvieron de una encuesta a las madres. Se analizó la asociación de variables biopsicosociales con riesgo relacional, utilizando odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%. Resultados: La prevalencia de alto riesgo relacional fue del 43,8%. Las variables biopsicosociales asociadas fueron: mujeres sin pareja estable, monoparentalidad, madres adolescentes, embarazo no deseado y no planificado, entre otras. Conclusión: El grupo de alto riesgo alcanza prácticamente a la mitad de las madres. La identificación precoz del riesgo relacional y sus variables relacionadas podría orientar la intervención en este grupo de mayor vulnerabilidad.
Introduction: Clinical evidence reveals the importance of mother-newborn bonding experience for health promoting and maintenance of human life. If the newborn lacks care and affection, she/he may develop an attachment disorder. A predictive scale regarding the risk of mother-newborn relationships is available, which makes possible an early intervention to prevent the development of relational disorders. The aim of this study is to apply the Kimelman measurement scale to determine the relational risk in mother-newborn pairs, as well as the prevalence and the associated biopsychosocial variables. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 333 mother-infant pairs in postpartum maternity at Temuco hospital. The Kimelman mother-newborn attachment assessment guide was used. Biopsychosocial variables were obtained from the mothers studied. The association of biopsychosocial variables with relational risk was analyzed using OR and confidence intervals of 95%. Results: The prevalence of high relational risk was 43.8%. The associated biopsychosocial variables included, women with no steady partner, single parent, teenage mothers, unwanted and unplanned pregnancy. Conclusion: Almost half of the mothers were in the high risk group. Early identification of relational risk and its related variables could help in the intervention in this vulnerable group.
