ABSTRACT
Non-communicable diseases (NCD), are not transmitted from person to person, are long-lasting and usually of slow evolution. Worldwide cause 71% deaths, in Mexico during 2016 were the cause of 80% of registered deaths; population in socioeconomic disadvantage is more vulnerable. It is urgent to develop strategies that can prevent NCD, thus, the objective of this study was to design, implement and evaluate an educational intervention strategy (EI), to prevent and control risk factors for the development NCD in families of two vulnerable communities. The research design was mixed, the stages were developed based on a risk communication (RC) model and was performed in three stages: 1) EI Design, 2) Implementation and 3) Evaluation of the intervention. In the contextualization, risk factors were found in the participants who were integrated in the design of the educational strategy. The EI implemented was effective in increasing knowledge about NCD and practice of healthy habits, such as increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Additionally, the guidance of EI at the family level has the advantage of creating a support network for these changes. However, pending issues remain, such as the design of effective strategies to reduce the consumption of sugars and sugary drinks.
Subject(s)
Noncommunicable Diseases , Humans , Mexico , Noncommunicable Diseases/epidemiology , Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control , Program Evaluation , Risk Factors , VegetablesABSTRACT
En las últimas décadas las sociedades contemporáneas han estado expuestas de manera recurrente a situaciones de emergencia sanitaria, por lo que la comunicación se ha convertido en un importante componente del control de riesgo. En este artículo se fundamentan, desde los referentes teóricos de la comunicación de riesgo, las experiencias de algunos autores y organizaciones en la dirección ante emergencias sanitarias y en la estrategia de comunicación de riesgo como herramienta fundamental; además se enfatiza en la necesidad de la comunicación de riesgo como una práctica sistemática dirigida a enfrentar situaciones de emergencia pública sanitaria, donde el aumento de la percepción de riesgo en la población permitirá minimizar los efectos negativos de estos sucesos
In the last decades the contemporary societies have been exposed in a recurrent way to situations of sanitary emergency, reason why the communication has become an important component of risk control. In this work, the experiences of some authors and organizations in the management when facing sanitary emergencies and in the strategy of risk communication as fundamental tool are supported from the theoretical referent of risk communication; it is also emphasized in the necessity of risk communication as a systematic practice directed to face situations of sanitary public emergency, where the increase of risk perception in the population will allow to minimize the negative effects of these events
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Risk Management/methods , Social Communication in Emergencies , Risk Reduction Behavior , Emergencies/epidemiology , Health Communication/methods , Communication , Emergency Watch , Environmental Exposure/prevention & control , Environmental CommunicationABSTRACT
Una industria metalúrgica en la ciudad de San Luis Potosí, México ha contaminado el sitio con plomo (Pb) y arsénico (As) principalmente. Desde 1989 se han reportado por nuestro grupo altas concentraciones de Pb en sangre (PbS) y As en orina (AsO) en los niños del lugar. En el presente estudio se generó un Programa de Comunicación Riesgos (PCR) para informar a los niños sobre los riesgos ambientales del sitio donde viven y que cambiaran conductas para disminuir la exposición al Pb y al As. Se trabajó con 170 niños (5 a 7 años) de la zona. Se aplicó el PCR y se realizó la evaluación mediante análisis de dibujos, cuestionarios y monitoreo biológico. En los dibujos de los niños se encontraron elementos tóxicos tales como el Pb, la tierra contaminada, entre otros. En los cuestionarios aplicados a los niños y a los padres de familia se pudo apreciar un cambio en los conocimientos y en algunas conductas respecto a los contaminantes, sus efectos y su exposición. No se encontró una disminución en los niveles de PbS ni de AsO. Esto quizás porque la principal ruta de exposición no es únicamente el suelo, como se había contemplado anteriormente.
A metallurgical industry in San Luis Potosí city, México, has contaminated the zone by lead (Pb) and arsenic (As). Since 1989 were reported by our group high concentrations of Pb in blood (PbB) and As in urine (AsU) in the local children. In present work, a Risk Communication Program (RCP) was generated to inform the children about the environmental risks of the site where they live, and to change conducts to diminish the exposure to Pb and As. We worked with 170 children (5 to 7 years) of the zone. The RCP was applied and the evaluation was realized by means of analysis of drawings, questionnaires and biological monitoring. In drawings of the children appeared toxic elements such as Pb, contaminated soil, cigarettes, among others. In the questionnaires applied to the children and family parents it was possible to estimate a change in the knowledge and in some conducts with regard to the pollutants, their effects and their exposure. There was not a decrease in the levels of PbB and in the levels of AsU. These were due probably because the principal route of exposure is not only the soil that had been contemplated previously.
