Nutritional Performance of Grazing Beef Cattle Supplemented with High-Protein Distillers' Dried Grain.

The objective was to evaluate the effects of including high-protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG; 430 g/CP) in supplements for beef cattle in an intensive finishing pasture system. Five Nellore bulls with an average body weight (BW) of 413.5 ± 32 kg were distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The animals were randomly allocated to Marandu palisade grass paddocks (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu), with 0.32 ha each. Protein-energy supplements were evaluated and formulated with different replacement levels (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 g/kg) of soybean meal (SBM) by HP-DDG. Supplements were offered once a day in the amount of 6.0 kg/animal. Replacing SBM with HP-DDG had no effect (p > 0.10) on the intake of total and pasture DM, OM, CP, NDFap, digestible organic matter (DOM), metabolizable protein and CP:DOM ratio. Total and pasture DM intake averaged 6.07 and 11.54 kg/day, respectively. Replacing SBM with HP-DDG reduces and increases, respectively, the intake of degradable (RDP) and undegradable (RUP) protein in the rumen (p < 0.10) with a consequent linear reduction in ruminal ammonia concentration (RAN), nitrogen excretion in urine and serum N concentration (SUN) (p < 0.10). In supplements offered in the amount of 6.0 kg animal/day, SBM can be completely replaced by HP-DDG.

Efficiency of Amino Acid Utilization in Nellore Cattle Grazing Low-Quality Forage Supplemented with Different Sources of Nitrogen.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with non-protein nitrogen (NPN) or ruminal undegradable protein (RUP) on intake, digestibility, and amino acid (AA) use efficiency of Nellore cattle grazing during the dry season. Eight Nellore steers (12 ± 2 months old) were used in quadruplicate Latin squares (2 × 2). The animals were placed on Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés under continuous grazing. The treatments included the following: (1) urea supplementation (NPN) and (2) supplementation of corn gluten meal 60 (CGM, RUP). Animals supplemented with CGM showed higher intakes of dry matter (DM) supplement, total AA, essential AA, and individual AA. The supplementation did not affect the total AA digestibility, total AA flux, and the AA fluxes of microbial origin and RUP from the diet (p > 0.05). The ruminal microorganism origin flux of total AA to the duodenum was 44.5% and 52.7% for animals supplemented with NPN and CGM, respectively. Animals supplemented with CGM showed an increase in blood concentrations of isoleucine (+19.09 µmol/L), cystine (+27.29 µmol/L), and albumin (+0.11 g/dL) (p < 0.05), but this increase was not accompanied by an improvement in N use efficiency of steers (p > 0.05). RUP supplementation via CGM can be an efficient nutritional strategy to enhance the intake and absorption of AA by Nellore cattle grazing low-quality forage during the dry season.

Evaluation of degradability and ruminal kinetics of soybean meal subjected to strategies to maximize protein escape from the rumen / Avaliação da degradabilidade e cinética ruminal de farelos de soja submetidos a estratégias para maximizar a taxa de escape de proteína do rúmen

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the in situ dry matter degradability and in situ crude protein degradability of soybean meal subjected to different treatments (thermal, chemical, tannins or saponins). The treatments were: conventional soybean (CON); soybean expeller (EXP); lignosulfonatetreated soybean meal (LIGS); condensed tannin-treated soybean meal (CTAN); hydrolysable tannintreated soybean meal (HTAN) and Yucca schidigera extract-treated soybean meal (YUC). Samples of 5 g soybean meal were packed in nylon bags and incubated in the rumen of 2 fistulated cattle for seven incubation times (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 hours), in sequence were washed, dried and weighed. The ruminal kinetics parameters were calculated, and the experiment was completely randomized, with six treatments, four replicates each, with duplicates. The EXP and LIGS treatments showed lower crude protein disappearance (CPD) within 12 hours, the CON, HTAN and YUC treatments had the highest CPD, and the CTAN presented an intermediate value (41.84%) (P < 0.05). EXP had the lowest fraction "a" (soluble) of crude protein (CP) (10.1%) followed by LIGS and CTAN (average of 14.82%). EXP and LIGS had the highest rumen undegradable fraction of CP (57.35 and 51.62%), respectively. In addition, ruminal disappearance rates of dry matter and CP of the treatments ranged from 2.17 to 1.36% h-1 and from 2.63 to 1.2% h-1, respectively. The most efficient treatments to reduce ruminal protein degradation were EXP, LIGS and CTAN.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a degradabilidade ruminal in situ da matéria seca e a degradabilidade ruminal in situ da proteína bruta de farelos de soja sob diferentes tratamentos (térmico, químico, com taninos ou saponina). Os tratamentos foram: farelo de soja convencional (CON); expeller de soja (EXP); lignossulfato (LIGS); com inclusão de taninos condensados (TANC); com taninos hidrolisáveis (TANH) e com extrato de Yucca schidigera (YUC). Amostras de 5 g dos farelos de soja foram acondicionadas em bolsas de náilon e incubadas em 2 bovinos canulados ruminalmente, durante sete tempos de incubação ruminal (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 e 24 horas), na sequência foram lavadas, secas e pesadas. Os parâmetros de cinética ruminal foram calculados, e o experimento foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos, quatro repetições cada e com duplicatas. Os farelos de soja EXP e LIGS tiveram menor desaparecimento da PB (DPB) em 12 horas, já o CON, TANH e YUC as maiores DPB e TANC um valor intermediário (41,84%) (P < 0,05). EXP teve a menor fração "a" (solúvel) da proteína bruta (PB) (10,1%) seguido de LIGS e TANC (média de 14,82%). EXP e LIGS tiveram maior fração indegradável no rúmen de PB (57,35 e 51,62%), respectivamente. E as taxas de desaparecimento ruminal da matéria seca (MS) e PB dos tratamentos variaram entre 2,17 a 1,36% h-1 e 2,63 a 1,2% h-1, respectivamente. Os tratamentos mais eficientes para diminuir a degradação proteica ruminal foram EXP, LIGS e TANC.(AU)

Consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, produção e composiçãodo leite de vacas alimentadas com resíduo de cervejaria fermentado / Nutrient intake and digestibility and milk yield of cows fed with fermented brewers grain

Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de 0, 5, 10 e 15% do resíduo de cervejaria fermentado(RCF) nas rações de vacas leiteiras sobre o consumo e coeficiente de digestibilidade total (CD)dos nutrientes, produção e qualidade do leite. Foram utilizadas 28 vacas da raça Holandesa, comaproximadamente 101  21 dias de lactação, e peso corporal médio de 612  110 kg, alimentadascom silagem de milho, silagem pré-secada de azevém, RCF e concentrado. Foi utilizado odelineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os dados de consumo e CD dos nutrientes, produção equalidade do leite foram submetidos à análise de regressão considerando 5% de probabilidade. Oconsumo de matéria seca (MS) dos animais foi “ad libitum”. Os teores de RCF nas rações nãoalteraram (p > 0,05) o consumo dos nutrientes. Os CD da matéria orgânica (MO), carboidratostotais (CHT), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) não foraminfluenciados (p > 0,05) pelos teores de RCF, contudo, verificou-se efeito linear positivo comrelação aos CD da MS, proteína bruta (PB) e extrato etéreo (EE) em função da inclusão do RCFnas rações. A inclusão do RCF nas rações não influenciou (p > 0,05) na produção e qualidade doleite. Conclui-se que o RCF pode ser incluído até 15% nas rações de vacas leiteiras sem alterar oconsumo de nutrientes e a produção e qualidade do leite.(AU)

The objective this work was to evaluate the inclusion of 0, 5, 10 and15% of the fermented brewers grain (FBG) in diets of dairy cows on intake and total digestibilitycoefficient (DC) of nutrients, production and milk quality. Twenty-eight Holstein cows wereused, with 100 ± 21 days in milk, and average body weight (BW) of 612  110 kg, fed with cornsilage, ryegrass silage, FBG and concentrate. Intake data and nutrients DC, production and milkquality were subjected to regression analysis to 5% of probability. The DM intake of animals wasad libitum. The FBG inclusion levels in diets did not influence (p > 0.05) nutrient intake. TheDC of organic matter (OM), total carbohydrates (TCH), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and aciddetergent fiber (ADF) were not influenced by levels of FBG (p > 0.05); however, the DC ofDM, crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) increased linearly (p < 0.05) with the levels ofinclusion in the diets of the RCF. Inclusion of FBG in diets did not influence (p > 0.05) nutrientintake and production and quality of milk. Thus the FBG can be included until 15% in dairy cowdiets without changing nutrient intake and production and quality of milk.(AU)

Consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, produção e composiçãodo leite de vacas alimentadas com resíduo de cervejaria fermentado / Nutrient intake and digestibility and milk yield of cows fed with fermented brewer’s grain

Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de 0, 5, 10 e 15% do resíduo de cervejaria fermentado(RCF) nas rações de vacas leiteiras sobre o consumo e coeficiente de digestibilidade total (CD)dos nutrientes, produção e qualidade do leite. Foram utilizadas 28 vacas da raça Holandesa, comaproximadamente 101  21 dias de lactação, e peso corporal médio de 612  110 kg, alimentadascom silagem de milho, silagem pré-secada de azevém, RCF e concentrado. Foi utilizado odelineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os dados de consumo e CD dos nutrientes, produção equalidade do leite foram submetidos à análise de regressão considerando 5% de probabilidade. Oconsumo de matéria seca (MS) dos animais foi “ad libitum”. Os teores de RCF nas rações nãoalteraram (p > 0,05) o consumo dos nutrientes. Os CD da matéria orgânica (MO), carboidratostotais (CHT), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) não foraminfluenciados (p > 0,05) pelos teores de RCF, contudo, verificou-se efeito linear positivo comrelação aos CD da MS, proteína bruta (PB) e extrato etéreo (EE) em função da inclusão do RCFnas rações. A inclusão do RCF nas rações não influenciou (p > 0,05) na produção e qualidade doleite. Conclui-se que o RCF pode ser incluído até 15% nas rações de vacas leiteiras sem alterar oconsumo de nutrientes e a produção e qualidade do leite.

The objective this work was to evaluate the inclusion of 0, 5, 10 and15% of the fermented brewer’s grain (FBG) in diets of dairy cows on intake and total digestibilitycoefficient (DC) of nutrients, production and milk quality. Twenty-eight Holstein cows wereused, with 100 ± 21 days in milk, and average body weight (BW) of 612  110 kg, fed with cornsilage, ryegrass silage, FBG and concentrate. Intake data and nutrient’s DC, production and milkquality were subjected to regression analysis to 5% of probability. The DM intake of animals wasad libitum. The FBG inclusion levels in diets did not influence (p > 0.05) nutrient intake. TheDC of organic matter (OM), total carbohydrates (TCH), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and aciddetergent fiber (ADF) were not influenced by levels of FBG (p > 0.05); however, the DC ofDM, crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) increased linearly (p 0.05) nutrientintake and production and quality of milk. Thus the FBG can be included until 15% in dairy cowdiets without changing nutrient intake and production and quality of milk.