ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento: a pesar de los avances de las técnicas quirúrgicas, anestésicas y de la biotecnología, las infecciones posoperatorias es una complicación para el paciente operado, aumentan la morbimortalidad, y tienen repercusiones socioeconómicas desfavorables. Objetivo: determinar la incidencia de las infecciones posoperatorias y los posibles factores relacionados con su aparición. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en 72 pacientes operados de cirugías mayores que presentaron infecciones posoperatorias en el servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital General Manuel Piti Fajardo de Florida, en el trienio 2015-2017, según variables seleccionadas. Resultados: la tasa de infecciones posquirúrgicas resultó inferior a lo esperado. Se infectaron más las operaciones sucias electivas. Las infecciones incisionales superficiales fueron las más frecuentes. La gran mayoría de las intervenciones demoraron menos de dos horas. El germen más aislado fue Staphylococcus aureus. La media de estadía hospitalaria se elevó de forma considerable y la tasa de mortalidad fue baja. Conclusiones: la tasa de infecciones posoperatorias en general se consideró aceptable y baja la mortalidad al compararlas con otros informes. El grado de contaminación y tipo de cirugía se relacionaron con la aparición de las infecciones. Debe insistirse en las medidas preventivas como profilaxis antimicrobiana y otras que deben comenzar en el preoperatorio, continuar durante la intervención y prolongarse en el posoperatorio, por las repercusiones socioeconómicas desfavorables de esta temible complicación.
ABSTRACT Background: despite advances in surgical, anesthetic and biotechnology techniques, postoperative infections continue to be a complication for the operated patient, increase morbidity and mortality, and have unfavorable socioeconomic repercussions. Objective: to determine the incidence of postoperative infections and the possible factors related to their appearance in the patients attended in our institution. Methods: an observational, descriptive and transversal study of 72 patients operated of major surgeries who presented postoperative infections in the General Surgery service of the General Hospital Manuel Piti Fajardo at Florida, in the 2015-2017 triennium, according to selected variables. Results: the postoperative infections rate was lower than expected. The dirty elective operations became more infected. The superficial incisional infections were the most frequent ones. The vast majority of interventions took less than two hours. The most isolated germ was Staphylococcus aureus. The average length of hospital stay increased considerably and the mortality rate was low. Conclusions: in general, the postoperative infections' rate was considered acceptable, and low mortality, compared to other reports. The degree of contamination and type of surgery were related to the appearance of infections. Emphasis should be placed on preventive measures such as antimicrobial prophylaxis and others that should be taken in the preoperative period, to continue during the intervention, and to be extended in the postoperative period, due to the unfavorable socioeconomic repercussions of this fearsome complication.
ABSTRACT
Deep sternal wound infection remains one of the most serious complications in patients who undergo median sternotomy for coronary artery bypass surgery.We describe our experience in treating 6 consecutive patients with our treatment protocol that combines aggressive débridement, broad-spectrum antibiotics, negative-pressure wound therapy, omentoplasty with laparoscopically harvested omentum, and the use of bilateral pectoral muscle advancement flaps.The number of débridements needed in order to attain clinically clean wounds and negative cultures varied between 1 and 10, with a median of 5. The length of stay after omentoplasty and bilateral pectoral muscle advancement flap placement varied between 11 and 22 days. One of the 6 patients developed a small wound dehiscence that was treated conservatively. No bleeding related to vacuum-assisted closure therapy was identified. Three patients had pneumonia. Two of the 3 patients had an episode of acute renal failure. The 30-day mortality rate was zero, although 1 patient died in the hospital 43 days after the reconstructive surgery, of multiple-organ failure due to pneumonia that was induced by end-stage pulmonary fibrosis. No patient died between hospital discharge and the most recent follow-up date (4-12 mo). Late local follow-up results, both functional and aesthetic, were good.We conclude that negative-pressure wound therapy-in combination with omentoplasty using laparoscopically harvested omentum and with the use of bilateral pectoral advancement flaps-is a valuable technique in the treatment of deep sternal wound infection because it produces good functional and aesthetic results.
