Sweet Cherry Plants Prioritize Their Response to Cope with Summer Drought, Overshadowing the Defense Response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae.

Disease severity and drought due to climate change present significant challenges to orchard productivity. This study examines the effects of spring inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) on sweet cherry plants, cvs. Bing and Santina with varying defense responses, assessing plant growth, physiological variables (water potential, gas exchange, and plant hydraulic conductance), and the levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) under two summer irrigation levels. Pss inoculation elicited a more pronounced response in 'Santina' compared to 'Bing' at 14 days post-inoculation (dpi), and those plants inoculated with Pss exhibited a slower leaf growth and reduced transpiration compared to control plants during 60 dpi. During differential irrigations, leaf area was reduced 14% and 44% in Pss inoculated plants of 'Bing' and 'Santina' respectively, under well-watered (WW) conditions, without changes in plant water status or gas exchange. Conversely, water-deficit (WD) conditions led to gas exchange limitations and a 43% decrease in plant biomass compared to that under WW conditions, with no differences between inoculation treatments. ABA levels were lower under WW than under WD at 90 dpi, while SA levels were significantly higher in Pss-inoculated plants under WW conditions. These findings underscore the influence on plant growth during summer in sweet cherry cultivars that showed a differential response to Pss inoculations and how the relationship between ABA and SA changes in plant drought level responses.

Enhancing the Efficiency of Resilient Multipath-Routed Elastic Optical Networks: A Novel Approach for Coexisting Protected and Unprotected Services with Idle Slot Reuse.

In this paper, we investigate a scenario in which protected and unprotected services coexist in an elastic optical network under dynamic traffic. In the investigated scenario, unprotected services can reuse the reserved idle bandwidth to provide protection to the protected services. Under this scenario, we propose a new heuristic algorithm that enables such reuse as well as define and introduce a new assignment problem in elastic optical networks, named a Transmission Spectrum Assignment (T-SA) problem. In this paper, we consider a scenario in which services may be routed using the multipath routing approach. Additionally, protection using bandwidth squeezing is also considered. We assess our proposal through simulations on three different network topologies and compare our proposal against the classical protection approach, in which bandwidth reuse is not allowed. For the simulated range of network loads, the maximum (minimum) blocking probability reduction obtained by our proposal is approximately 48% (10%) in the European topology, 46% (7%) in the NSFNET topology, and 32% (6%) in the German topology.

Madness is other people: alterity/ipseity and the sibling archetype.

The issue of madness, always present in the hot-tempered gods - Ares, Aphrodite, and Dionysus - has to do with what the ancient Greeks referred to as alterity. It was the Greeks who 'invented' this notion. What is otherness? It is, simply said, the extensive category of the Other. Let us examine a few aspects of the way this category is presented in mythical thinking in order to understand its place in psychology and madness. Alterity has to do with the Other, who is outside or inside me; ipseity is the possibility of remaining the same. This recognition has political, historical, ethical and, of course, psychological implications. And yet, it is archetypal, because that is where, as we will see, the issues of the sibling archetype fall. The sibling, as a primordial image in the soul, is present in the psychological evolution of each individual and each culture, and its influence inevitably projects itself into the history and construction of our connections with friends, companions, partners, associates, and colleagues - i.e. with all others, before confirmation is established in the soul that madness is other people.

Le sujet de la folie, toujours présent chez les dieux impétueux - Arès, Aphrodite, et Dionysos - est en lien avec ce que les Grecs anciens ont appelé l'altérité. Ce sont les Grecs qui ont « inventé ¼ cette notion. Qu'est-ce que l'altérité? Pour le dire simplement c'est la vaste catégorie de l'Autre. Examinons quelques aspects de la manière dont cette catégorie est montrée dans la pensée mythique, afin de comprendre sa place dans la psychologie et la folie. L'altérité a à voir avec l'Autre, qui est à l'extérieur ou à l'intérieur de moi. L'ipséité est la possibilité de rester le même. Cette prise de conscience a des conséquences politiques, historiques, éthiques et bien sûr psychologiques. Et pourtant, il s'agit de quelque chose d'archétypal, parce que c'est là que, comme nous le verrons, les questions de l'archétype de la sœur ou du frère se présentent. La sœur/le frère est une image primordiale de l'âme, elle est présente dans l'évolution psychologique de chacun et dans chaque culture. Son influence se projette inévitablement sur l'histoire et la construction de nos liens avec les amis, les compagnons, les conjoints, les associés et les collègues, c'est à dire avec tous les autres, avant que s'établisse dans l'âme la confirmation que la folie c'est les autres.

El tema de la locura, siempre presente en los dioses y diosas temperamentales - Ares, Afrodita y Dionisos - tiene que ver con lo que los griegos antiguos refieren como alteridad. Fueron los griegos quienes 'inventaron' esta noción. ¿Qué es la otredad? Es, dicho simplemente, la categoría extensiva de lo Otro. Examinamos algunos aspectos del modo en que esta categoría es presentada en el pensamiento mítico para poder comprender su lugar en la psicología y la locura. Alteridad tiene que ver con la Otredad, que está afuera o dentro mío; ipseidad es la posibilidad de permanecer lo mismo. Este reconocimiento tiene implicancias políticas, históricas, éticas y por supuesto, psicológicas. Y todavía, es arquetípica, porque es allí donde se encuentran las cuestiones vinculadas al arquetipo fraterno. El hermano, como imagen primordial en el alma, está presente en la evolución psicológica de cada individuo y de cada cultura, y su influencia inevitablemente se proyecta en la historia y construcción de nuestras conexiones con amigos, compañeras, parejas, asociados y colegas - i.e. con todos los otros, antes que en el alma se establezca la confirmación de que la locura es otra persona.

A questão da loucura, sempre presente nos deuses de temperamento quente - Ares, Afrodite e Dionísio - tem a ver com o que os gregos antigos chamavam de alteridade. Foram os gregos que "inventaram" essa noção. O que é alteridade? É, simplesmente dito, a extensa categoria do Outro. Examinemos alguns aspectos da forma como essa categoria é apresentada no pensamento mítico para entender seu lugar na psicologia e na loucura. Alteridade tem a ver com o Outro, que está fora ou dentro de mim; ipseidade é a possibilidade de permanecer o mesmo. Esse reconhecimento tem implicações políticas, históricas, éticas e, é claro, psicológicas. E, no entanto, é arquetípico, porque é aí que, como veremos, as questões do arquétipo irmão incidem. O irmão, como uma imagem primordial na alma, está presente na evolução psicológica de cada indivíduo e de cada cultura, e sua influência inevitavelmente se projeta na história e construção de nossas conexões com amigos, companheiros, parceiros, associados e colegas - ou seja, com todos os outros, antes que a confirmação seja estabelecida na alma de que a loucura é outra pessoa.

A fungal protease named AsES triggers antiviral immune responses and effectively restricts virus infection in arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana plants.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to fight against pathogens. Among these mechanisms, pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) relies on the recognition of conserved microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs or PAMPs, respectively) by membrane-bound receptors. Indeed, PTI restricts virus infection in plants and, in addition, BRI1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1), a central regulator of PTI, plays a role in antiviral resistance. However, the compounds that trigger antiviral defences, along with their molecular mechanisms of action, remain mostly elusive. Herein, we explore the role of a fungal extracellular subtilase named AsES in its capacity to trigger antiviral responses. METHODS: In this study, we obtained AsES by recombinant expression, and evaluated and characterized its capacity to trigger antiviral responses against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) by performing time course experiments, analysing gene expression, virus movement and callose deposition. KEY RESULTS: The results of this study provide direct evidence that exogenous treatment with recombinant AsES increases a state of resistance against TMV infection, in both arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Also, the antiviral PTI response exhibited by AsES in arabidopsis is mediated by the BAK1/SERK3 and BKK1/SERK4 co-receptors. Moreover, AsES requires a fully active salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway to restrict the TMV movement by inducing callose deposition. Additionally, treatment with PSP1, a biostimulant based on AsES as the active compound, showed an increased resistance against TMV in N. benthamiana and tobacco plants. CONCLUSIONS: AsES is a fungal serine protease which triggers antiviral responses relying on a conserved mechanism by means of the SA signalling pathway and could be exploited as an effective and sustainable biotechnology strategy for viral disease management in plants.

Safety assessment of the process Resinas del Ecuador, based on the Starlinger iV+ technology, used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials.

The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) assessed the safety of the recycling process Resinas del Ecuador (EU register number RECYC230), which uses the Starlinger iV+ technology. The input is hot caustic washed and dried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes mainly originating from collected post-consumer PET containers, with no more than 5% PET from non-food consumer applications. The flakes are dried and crystallised in a first reactor, then extruded into pellets. These pellets are crystallised, preheated and treated in a solid-state polycondensation (SSP) reactor. Having examined the challenge test provided, the Panel concluded that the drying and crystallisation (step 2), extrusion and crystallisation (step 3) and SSP (step 4) are critical in determining the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the performance of these critical steps are temperature, air flow and residence time for the drying and crystallisation step, and temperature, pressure and residence time for the extrusion and crystallisation step as well as the SSP step. It was demonstrated that this recycling process is able to ensure that the level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food is below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.1 µg/kg food. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the recycled PET obtained from this process is not of safety concern when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs for long-term storage at room temperature, with or without hotfill. The final articles made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used in microwave and conventional ovens and such uses are not covered by this evaluation.

Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 infections in cattle without typical manifestations of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever and concomitantly infected with bovine coronavirus.

Sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) is a severe, frequently fatal, lymphoproliferative disease that affects a wide variety of ruminants and is caused by ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), a member of the MCF virus (MCFV) complex. The typical clinical manifestations of SA-MCF are well known and easily recognized by veterinarians, resulting in clinical diagnosis of MCF when characteristic clinical signs are present. This article describes the findings observed in cattle infected with OvHV-2 but without typical clinical manifestations of SA-MCF. Three calves with episodes of diarrhea before death and a yearling that died suddenly were investigated. Gross alterations were not suggestive of SA-MCF. Histopathology revealed a combination of proliferating vascular lesions (PVLs) and necrotizing vasculitis in three animals (two calves and the yearling); with PVLs being identified only at the carotid rete mirabile of two calves infected with OvHV-2. Additional significant histopathologic lesions included atrophic enteritis, portal lymphocytic hepatitis, interstitial pneumonia, suppurative bacterial bronchopneumonia, and pulmonary hemorrhage. An immunohistochemical assay designed to identify only antigens of MCFV revealed, positive, intralesional, intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity within epithelial cells of multiple tissues of all animals with PVLs. PCR assays amplified OvHV-2 DNA from multiple tissues of the animals that contained MCFV proteins, confirming the MCFV identified as OvHV-2. Additionally, bovine coronavirus (BCoV) nucleic acids were amplified from tissues of all animals, including the animal not infected by OvHV-2. Collectively, these findings confirmed the participation of OvHV-2 in the development of the disease patterns observed in these animals that were concomitantly infected by BCoV and provide additional confirmation that cattle can be subclinically infected with OvHV-2. Consequently, the real occurrence of OvHV-2-related disease may be more elevated than reported, since asymptomatic or subclinically infected animals are not likely to be investigated for OvHV-2. Furthermore, PVLs should be included as possible histologic indicators of OvHV-2-related diseases in ruminants.

A reflexividade sobre o processo de formação permanente dos gestores da atenção básica: implicações para a qualidade da assistência / Reflection on the ongoing training process of primary care managers: implications for the quality of care

A presente tese encontra-se inserida no Núcleo de Estudos Trabalho, Saúde e Educação ­ NUPETSE/EEAAC/UFF, na Linha de Pesquisa: O Cuidado em seu Contexto Sociocultural; cujo Objeto de Estudo é: O processo de formação e o desenvolvimento de competências de gestores da atenção básica de municípios do Noroeste Fluminense e suas implicações para a qualidade da assistência prestada aos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde. Tem por Objetivos: Compreender as implicações da formação permanente de gestores da Atenção Básica do Sistema Único de Saúde em municípios do Noroeste Fluminense para a qualidade da assistência; Identificar o perfil profissional dos gestores da Atenção Básica de municípios do Noroeste Fluminense, a partir do diagnóstico situacional do cenário onde atuam; Descrever as competências necessárias para a prática profissional destes gestores; compreender de que modo a reflexividade sobre a própria prática influencia na formação profissional permanente do gestor em saúde; e, discutir sobre as implicações da formação permanente na prática profissional destes gestores e na qualidade da assistência prestada à população. Como Referencial Teórico, utilizou-se a teoria de Donald Schön, que traz a importância de uma formação baseada em um ensino reflexivo; e também Philippe Perrenoud e suas evidências de que as competências profissionais se constroem no processo de formação. Quanto à Metodologia, trata-se de uma Pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo Estudo de Caso. Tem como participantes gestores da Atenção Básica que atuam em quaisquer de seus programas e/ou estratégias, em municípios da Região Noroeste Fluminense. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, seguindo-se da técnica de observação não participante. Foi realizado o diagnóstico situacional dos municípios estudados no intuito de contribuir para a análise reflexiva sobre a formação profissional desses gestores e suas implicações para a qualidade da assistência na Atenção Básica de Saúde. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a Análise de Bardin e, como recurso metodológico para dar forma ao movimento de análise, foi utilizado o Ciclo da Reflexividade, com base no movimento de ação-reflexão-ação. Dos Resultados, originaram-se três categorias: "O Conhecimento Sobre o Processo de Gestão para o Desenvolvimento de Competências"; "O papel da Instituição e do Profissional no Processo de Formação Permanente"; e "Reflexão sobre a Prática: O processo que impulsiona a qualidade da assistência". Confirma-se, portanto, a Tese que: A competência gerencial na Atenção Básica está relacionada à formação profissional permanente, baseada na reflexividade sobre a prática, com implicações positivas para a melhoria da qualidade da assistência prestada a usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde do Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Conclui-se que os gestores, a partir da reflexividade crítica sobre o seu processo de formação profissional, percebem a importância de torná-la permanente, como uma estratégia para o fortalecimento de habilidades e o desenvolvimento de competências gerenciais, necessárias ao trabalho na Atenção Básica.

This thesis is inserted in the Work, Health and Education Studies Center ­ NUPETSE/EEAAC/UFF, in the Research Line: Care in its Sociocultural Context; whose Object of Study is: The process of training and development of competencies for primary care managers in municipalities in the Northwest of Rio de Janeiro and its implications for the quality of care provided to users of the Unified Health System. Its Objectives: To understand the implications of the permanent training of managers of Primary Care in the Unified Health System in municipalities in the Northwest of Rio de Janeiro, for the quality of care; Identify the professional profile of Primary Care managers in municipalities in the Northwest of Rio de Janeiro, based on the situational diagnosis of the scenario in which they operate; Describe the skills needed for the professional practice of these managers; Understand how reflexivity on the practice itself influences the permanent professional training of the health manager; and, Discuss the implications of continuing education in the professional practice of these managers and in the quality of care provided to the population. As a Theoretical Framework, Donald Schön's theories were used, which brings the importance of training based on reflective teaching; and also Philippe Perrenoud, and his evidence that professional competences are built in the training process. As for the Methodology, it is a descriptive research, of the qualitative approach, case study type. Its participants are managers of Primary Care, who work in any of its programs and / or strategies; in municipalities in the Northwest Region of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews, followed by the non-participant observation technique. The situational diagnosis of the municipalities studied is being carried out in order to contribute to the reflective analysis on the professional training of these managers and their implications for the quality of care in Primary Health Care. Bardin's Analysis was used for data analysis and, as a methodological resource to shape the analysis movement, the Reflexivity Cycle was used, based on the action-reflection-action movement. From the Results, three categories emerged: "Knowledge about the Management Process for the Development of Competencies"; "Whose Fault is it? The role of the Institution and the Professional in the Ongoing Training Process"; and "Reflection on Practice: The process that drives the quality of care". Therefore, the Thesis is confirmed that: Managerial competence in Primary Care is related to permanent professional training, based on reflexivity on practice, with positive implications for improving the quality of care provided to users of the Unified Health System of the Northwest of the State of Rio de Janeiro. It is concluded that managers, based on critical reflexivity on their professional training process, perceive the importance of making it permanent, as a strategy for strengthening skills and developing managerial skills, necessary for work in Primary Care.

La presente tesis se inserta en el Centro de Estudios del Trabajo, la Salud y la Educación - NUPETSE/EEAAC/UFF, en la Línea de Investigación: El cuidado en su contexto sociocultural; cuyo Objeto de Estudio es: El proceso de formación y desarrollo de competencias de los gestores de atención primaria de los municipios del noroeste fluminense y sus implicaciones para la calidad de la atención prestada a los usuarios del Sistema Único de Salud. Sus objetivos son: Comprender las implicaciones de la formación permanente de los gestores de atención primaria del Sistema Único de Salud en los municipios del noroeste fluminense, para la calidad de la atención; Identificar el perfil profesional de los gestores de atención primaria en municipios del noroeste fluminense, a partir del diagnóstico situacional del escenario donde operan; Describir las habilidades necesarias para la práctica profesional de estos gerentes; Comprender cómo la reflexividad sobre la práctica misma influye en la formación profesional permanente del gestor de la salud; y, Discutir sobre las implicaciones de la formación continua en la práctica profesional de estos gestores y sobre la calidad de la atención prestada a la población. Como Referencia Teórica se utilizó la teoría de Donald Schön, que aporta la importancia de una formación basada en una enseñanza reflexiva; y también Philippe Perrenoud, y su evidencia de que las habilidades profesionales se construyen en el proceso de capacitación. En cuanto a la Metodología, se trata de una investigación descriptiva, con un enfoque cualitativo, del tipo Estudio de Caso. Sus participantes son gerentes de atención primaria, que trabajan en cualquiera de sus programas y/o estrategias; en municipios de la Región Noroeste de Fluminense. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, seguidas de la técnica de observación no participante. El diagnóstico situacional de los municipios estudiados se realizó con el fin de contribuir al análisis reflexivo de la formación profesional de estos gestores y sus implicaciones para la calidad asistencial en atención primaria de salud. Para el análisis de Bardin se utilizó el análisis de datos y, como recurso metodológico para dar forma al movimiento de análisis, se utilizó el Ciclo de Reflexividad, basado en el movimiento acción-reflexión-acción. A partir de los Resultados, se originaron tres categorías: "Conocimiento sobre el Proceso de Gestión para el Desarrollo de Habilidades"; "El papel de la Institución y del Profesional en el Proceso de Formación Permanente"; y "Reflexión sobre la práctica: el proceso que impulsa la calidad de la atención". Por lo tanto, se confirma la tesis de que: La competencia gerencial en Atención Primaria está relacionada con la formación profesional permanente, basada en la reflexividad sobre la práctica, con implicaciones positivas para mejorar la calidad de la atención brindada a los usuarios del Sistema Único de Salud del Noroeste del Estado de Río de Janeiro. Se concluye que los directivos, a partir de la reflexividad crítica sobre su proceso de formación profesional, perciben la importancia de hacerlo permanente, como una estrategia para el fortalecimiento de habilidades y el desarrollo de habilidades directivas, necesarias para el trabajo en Atención Primaria.

Depression, suicidal motivation and suicidal ideation among individuals with asthma: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic disease associated with risk of depression and suicidal events. The present study estimated the frequency of depression, suicidal motivation (SM) and suicidal ideation (SI) and identified clinical and psychosocial factors associated with these outcomes among individuals with asthma. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of a non-probabilistic sample of 1,358 adults with asthma and controls without asthma. Asthma severity and asthma control were assessed by a physician according to WHO (2009) and GINA (2012) criteria. Depression, SM and SI were screened by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Psychosocial factors were evaluated by a Community Violence Questionnaire, a Social Support Scale, a Stress Perceived Scale and a Resilience Scale. Chi-Square Test, and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate association between variables and outcomes. RESULTS: Among all participants, 222 (16.30%) had depression, 331 (24.40%) SM and 73 (5.40%) SI. There were 138 (12.10%) individuals with mild depression and SM, and 14 (1.20%) with mild depression and SI. After adjustment, severe asthma (SA) increased the chance of depression by 53.00% whereas mild to moderate asthma (MMA) increased by eleven-fold the likelihood of SI. Perception of low social support increased the chance of depression (OR 3.59; 95% CI, 2.44-5.28) and low resilience by (OR 2.96; 95% CI, 2.00-4.38); distress increased the odds of SM by 37.00%, and low affective support perception raised the likelihood of SI by (OR 6.82; 95% CI, 1.94-2.90). CONCLUSIONS: Asthma, whether mild to moderate or severe, increased the chance of depression and SI. It is noteworthy that individuals with mild depression and MMA are at greater risk for SM and SI. Among the psychosocial variables, perception of low social support and low resilience were the variables associated with depression; distress impacted on SM, and the perception of low affective support raised the chance of SI.

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization Among Health Care Workers of a Tertiary Hospital in Ecuador and Associated Risk Factors.

BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics and is therefore a public health issue. Colonization with MRSA is a risk factor for infection or transmission. PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and MRSA strains in health care workers (HCWs) at a tertiary hospital in Ecuador and to determine the risk factors associated with carriage. METHODS: Out of a cohort of 3800 HCWs, 481 individuals from different hospital departments were randomly selected, and a single nasal swab was collected. Detection of SA and MRSA was carried out with the LightCycler® MRSA Advanced Test. A questionnaire was performed that gathered demographic and occupational information of the participants to determine risk factors for MRSA colonization. Statistical analysis was performed with univariate and multivariate analysis and the R-software version 4.0.2. RESULTS: Colonization with SA and MRSA occurred in respectively 23.7% (95% CI, 22.7-24.6) and 5% (95% CI, 3.39-7.58) of the individuals. The multivariate analysis showed that being older in age (OD 1.09) and being male (OD 2.78) were risk factors for SA and MRSA colonization (p-value < 0.001). Previous use of antibiotics or the use of nasal ointments diminished the colonization rates of SA (24% versus 3.7% and 10.1% respectively). CONCLUSION: About 20% of the HCWs who were colonized with SA were colonized with MRSA, representing a risk for nosocomial infections and hospital outbreaks. Active monitoring and a decolonization treatment of the HCWs can reduce these risks.

Covid-19 and mental health: A study of social representations with university students / Covid-19 y salud mental: un estudio de representaciones sociales con estudiantes universitários / Covid-19 e saúde mental: um estudo de representações sociais com universitários

The objective was to apprehend the Social Representations (SR) of university students from a private Institution about Covid-19 and mental health. There were 294 participants, between 18 to 59 years old (M = 27.43; SD = 6.05). These participants submitted to a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Free Word Association Technique (stimuli: coronavirus and health mental), applied online. Process the data using the TRIDEUX-MOTS software through the Factor Analysis of Correspondence. The results pointed to consensualities between the "coronavirus" and "mental health" stimuli anchored in the psycho-emotional sphere, aimed at anxiety, fear, anguish, and sadness. These stimuli also share other nuclei of a meaning of SR, anchored in protective elements of mental health, faith, health, care, and family. Thus, understanding how SR from different groups in the face of this new phenomenon can help preventive actions to face the disease and preserve mental health.

Objetivou-se apreender as Representaš§es Sociais (RS) de estudantes universitßrios de uma instituišNo privada sobre Covid-19 e sa?de mental. Contou-se com a participašNo de 294 participantes, entre 18 a 59 anos (M= 27,43; DP= 6,05), os quais foram submetidos a um questionßrio sociodemogrßfico e Ó TÚcnica de AssociašNo Livre de Palavras (estÝmulos: coronavÝrus e sa?de mental), aplicados de forma online. Processou-se os dados pelo software TRIDEUX-MOTS, por meio da Anßlise Fatorial de Correspondrncia. Os resultados apontaram para consensualidades entre os estÝmulos "coronavÝrus" e "sa?de mental" ancorados na esfera psicoemocional, objetivadas por: ansiedade, medo, ang?stia e tristeza. Esses estÝmulos tambÚm compartilharam outros n?cleos de sentido das RS, ancorados em elementos protetivos da sa?de mental, sendo eles: fÚ, sa?de, cuidado e famÝlia. Assim, compreender as RS de diferentes grupos diante deste novo fen?meno pode auxiliar aš§es preventivas de enfrentamento da doenša e preservašNo da sa?de mental.

El objetivo era aprehender a las Representaciones Sociales (RS) de estudiantes universitarios de una instituci?n privada sobre Covid-19 y salud mental. P?ngase en contacto con la participaci?n de 294 participantes, entre 18 y 59 a?os (M = 27.43; SD = 6.05), cußles son los requisitos para el cuestionario sociodemogrßfico y la tÚcnica de asociaci?n de palabras libres (estÝmulos: coronavirus y salud mental), aplicaciones en linea. Procese los datos usando el software TRIDEUX-MOTS, a travÚs del Anßlisis de Correspondencia de Factor. Los resultados mostraron consensualidades entre el "coronavirus" y los estÝmulos de "salud mental" anclados en la esfera psicoemocional, con el objetivo de: ansiedad, miedo, angustia y tristeza. Estos estÝmulos tambiÚn comparten otros n?cleos de significado SR, anclados en elementos protectores de la salud mental, son: fe, salud, cuidado y familia. Por lo tanto, comprender c?mo la RS de diferentes grupos frente a este nuevo fen?meno puede ayudar a las acciones preventivas para enfrentar la enfermedad y preservar la salud mental.

Genotyping of the Major SARS-CoV-2 Clade by Short-Amplicon High-Resolution Melting (SA-HRM) Analysis.

The genome of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causal agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, has diverged due to multiple mutations since its emergence as a human pathogen in December 2019. Some mutations have defined several SARS-CoV-2 clades that seem to behave differently in terms of regional distribution and other biological features. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches are used to classify the sequence variants in viruses from individual human patients. However, the cost and relative scarcity of NGS equipment and expertise in developing countries prevent studies aimed to associate specific clades and variants to clinical features and outcomes in such territories. As of March 2021, the GR clade and its derivatives, including the B.1.1.7 and B.1.1.28 variants, predominate worldwide. We implemented the post-PCR small-amplicon high-resolution melting analysis to genotype SARS-CoV-2 viruses isolated from the saliva of individual patients. This procedure was able to clearly distinguish two groups of samples of SARS-CoV-2-positive samples predicted, according to their melting profiles, to contain GR and non-GR viruses. This grouping of the samples was validated by means of amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) assay as well as Sanger sequencing.

Negative modulation of SA signaling components by the capsid protein of tobacco mosaic virus is required for viral long-distance movement.

An important aspect of plant-virus interaction is the way viruses dynamically move over long distances and how plant immunity modulates viral systemic movement. Salicylic acid (SA), a well-characterized hormone responsible for immune responses against virus, is activated through different transcription factors including TGA and WRKY. In tobamoviruses, evidence suggests that capsid protein (CP) is required for long-distance movement, although its precise role has not been fully characterized yet. Previously, we showed that the CP of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)-Cg negatively modulates the SA-mediated defense. In this study, we analyzed the impact of SA-defense mechanism on the long-distance transport of a truncated version of TMV (TMV ∆CP virus) that cannot move to systemic tissues. The study showed that the negative modulation of NPR1 and TGA10 factors allows the long-distance transport of TMV ∆CP virus. Moreover, we observed that the stabilization of DELLA proteins promotes TMV ∆CP systemic movement. We also characterized a group of genes, part of a network modulated by CP, involved in TMV ∆CP long-distance transport. Altogether, our results indicate that CP-mediated downregulation of SA signaling pathway is required for the virus systemic movement, and this role of CP may be linked to its ability to stabilize DELLA proteins.

Investigando a Experirncia de usußrios em um Centro de Convivrncia sob a perspectiva da psicologia humanista e da fenomenologia / Investigating the Experience of users in a Coexistence Community Center from the perspective of humanistic psychology and phenomenology / Investigando la Experiencia de usuarios en un Centro de Convivencia desde la perspectiva de la psicologÝa humanista y la fenomenologÝa

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa de natureza fenomenol?gica que objetivou compreender a experirncia de pessoas que frequentam um Centro de Convivrncia (CECO). Foram realizados encontros dial?gicos individuais com sete usußrios adultos, de ambos os sexos. Ap?s cada encontro, o pesquisador redigiu uma Narrativa Compreensiva, a partir de suas pr?prias impress§es, sobre a experirncia do (a) participante. Uma Narrativa SÝntese foi construÝda, em seguida, contendo os elementos significativos da experirncia de todos os participantes em relašNo Ós vivrncias no CECO. Os elementos fenomenologicamente desvelados, que constituÝram os resultados da pesquisa, podem ser assim expressos: (1) as relaš§es interpessoais, mediadas pelos profissionais no contexto do CECO, sNo orientadas por respeito, compreensNo e interesse m?tuo; (2) a partir da convivrncia cotidiana com outras pessoas e da participašNo em atividades coletivas, os usußrios podem desenvolver criativamente suas habilidades e interesses; e (3) ao se sentirem acolhidos e respeitados como pessoas, os usußrios tambÚm desenvolvem uma relašNo afetiva positiva com o servišo. Concluindo, o CECO Ú um espašo propÝcio ao desenvolvimento de potencialidades individuais e coletivas e Ó valorizašNo de relaš§es sociais construtivas que facilitam e preservam a tendrncia inerente das pessoas para o crescimento, a autonomia e o amadurecimento psicol?gico.

This paper presents the results of a qualitative research of phenomenological nature that aimed to understand the experience of people who attend a Coexistence Community Center (CECO). Individual dialogical encounters were held with seven adult users of both sexes. After each meeting, the researcher wrote a Comprehensive Narrative, based on his own impressions, about the participant's experience. A Narrative Synthesis was then constructed containing the significant elements of the experience of all participants in relation to the experiences in the CECO. The phenomenologically revealed elements, that constituted the results of the research, can be expressed as follows: (1) interpersonal relations, mediated by professionals in the context of the CECO, are guided by respect, understanding and mutual interest; (2) from the daily coexistence with other people and from participation in collective activities, users can creatively develop their skills and interests; and (3) when they feel welcomed and respected as people, users also develop a positive affective relationship with the service. In conclusion, CECO is a space conducive to the development of individual and collective potentialities and to the valorization of constructive social relations that facilitate and preserve the inherent tendency of people for growth, autonomy and psychological maturation.

Este artÝculo presenta los resultados de una investigaci?n cualitativa de naturaleza fenomenol?gica que objetiv? comprender la experiencia de personas que frecuentan un Centro de Convivrncia (CECO). Se realizaron encuentros dial?gicos individuales com siete usußrios adultos de ambos sexos. DespuÚs de cada encuentro, el investigador redact? una Narrativa Comprensiva, a partir de sus propias impresiones, sobre la experiencia del participante. A continuaci?n, una Narrativa SÝntesis fue construÝda conteniendo los elementos significativos de la experiencia de todos los participantes en relaci?n a las vivencias en el CECO. Los elementos fenomenol?gicamente desvelados, que constituyeron los resultados de la investigaci?n, pueden ser asÝ expresados: (1) las relaciones interpersonales mediadas por los profesionales en el contexto del CECO se orientan por respeto, comprensi?n y interÚs mutuo; (2) a partir de la convivencia cotidiana con otras personas y de la participaci?n en actividades colectivas, los usuarios pueden desarrollar creativamente sus habilidades e intereses; y (3) al sentirse acogidos y respetados como personas, los usuarios tambiÚn desarrollan una relaci?n afectiva positiva con el servicio. Concluyendo, el CECO es un espacio propicio para el desarrollo de potencialidades individuales y colectivas y la valorizaci?n de relaciones sociales constructivas que facilitan y preservan la tendencia inherente de las personas hacia el crecimiento, la autonomÝa y la maduraci?n psicol?gica.

Prevalence and correlates of non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt among children and adolescents: Findings from Uganda and Jamaica.

BACKGROUND: Youth non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide are major public health concerns, but limited data are available on the prevalence and correlates of these problems in developing countries. The aim of this study is to describe experiences of three suicidal phenomena (NSSI, suicidal ideation [SI], and suicide attempt [SA]) among children and adolescents from two developing countries. We also examine how depression, anxiety, sleep problems, child maltreatment, and other socio-demographic variables associate with the risk of NSSI only, SI only, SA only, and co-occurring NSSI/SI/SA. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of school-based Ugandan and Jamaican children and adolescents. Participants were 11,518 (52.4% female) Ugandan and 7,182 (60.8% female) Jamaican youths aged 9-17 years. RESULTS: The estimated lifetime prevalence of NSSI, SI, and SA was 25.5%, 25.6%, and 12.8% respectively among Ugandan boys and 23.2%, 32.5%, and 15.3% respectively among Ugandan girls. As for the Jamaican sample, the estimated lifetime prevalence of NSSI, SI, and SA was 21%, 27.7%, and 11.9% respectively among boys and 32.6%, 48.6%, and 24.7% respectively among girls. The odds of experiencing SI only, SA only, and co-occurring NSSI/SI/SA were significantly elevated among participants with mild, moderate, and severe depression in both countries. LIMITATIONS: The current study relied on retrospective data. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that suicidal phenomena are common among youths from Uganda and Jamaica, with rates substantially higher than among youths from high-income countries. The risk of suicidal phenomena was especially high among youths with severe depression.

Chemical synthesis, molecular docking and MepA efflux pump inhibitory effect by 1,8-naphthyridines sulfonamides.

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and to verify, in silico and in vitro, the inhibition of efflux mechanisms using a series of synthesized 1,8-naphthyridines sulfonamides against Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying MepA efflux pumps. The chemical synthesis occurred through the thermolysis of the Meldrum's acid adduct. The sulfonamide derivatives were obtained by the sulfonylation of 2-amino-5­chloro-1,8-naphthyridine with commercial benzenesulfonyl chloride. Antibacterial activity was assessed by the broth microdilution test. Efflux pump inhibitory capacity was evaluated in silico by molecular docking and in vitro by analyzing synergistic effects on ciprofloxacin and ethidium bromide (EtBr) and by EtBr fluorescence emission assays. The following 1,8-naphthyridines were synthesized: 4-methyl-N-(5­chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10a); 2,5-dichloro-N-(5­chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10b); 4-fluoro-N-(5­chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10c); 2,3,4-trifluoro-N-(5­chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10d); 3-trifluoromethyl-N-(5­chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10e); 4­bromo-2,5-difluoro-N-(5­chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10f). The 1,8-naphthyridines derivatives associated with sulfonamides did not show antibacterial activity. However, they showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with possible MepA efflux pump inhibitory action, demonstrated in molecular docking. In addition to the promising results in reducing the concentration of intracellular EtBr. 1,8-naphthyridines act as putative agents in the inhibitory action of the MepA efflux pump.

Comprehensive Protocol to Simultaneously Study Protein Phosphorylation, Acetylation, and N-Linked Sialylated Glycosylation.

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and interaction, and they are associated with a wide range of biological processes. Since most PTMs alter the molecular mass of a protein, mass spectrometry (MS) is the ideal analytical tool for studying various PTMs. However, PTMs are often present in substoichiometric levels, and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task, requiring highly specialized and sensitive PTM-specific enrichment methods. Currently, several methods have been implemented for PTM enrichment, and each of them has its drawbacks and advantages as they differ in selectivity and specificity toward specific protein modifications. Unfortunately, for the vast majority of more than 400 known modifications, we have no or poor tools for selective enrichment.Here, we describe a comprehensive workflow to simultaneously study phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation from the same biological sample. The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. The IMAC flow-through and acidic elution are subsequently subjected to a next round of TiO2 enrichment for further separation of mono-phosphopeptides from deglycosylated peptides. Furthermore, the lysine-acetylated peptides present in the first TiO2 flow-through fraction are enriched by immunoprecipitation (IP) after peptide cleanup. Finally, the samples are fractionated by high pH reversed phase chromatography (HpH) or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC ) to reduce sample complexity and increase the coverage in the subsequent LC-MS /MS analysis. This allows the analysis of multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample without decreasing the quality of each individual PTM study.

Sulfadiazine dissipation as a function of soil bacterial diversity.

Antibiotic residues in the environment are concerning since results in dispersion of resistance genes. Their degradation is often closely related to microbial metabolism. However, the impacts of soil bacterial community on sulfadiazine (SDZ) dissipation remains unclear, mainly in tropical soils. Our main goals were to evaluate effects of long-term swine manure application on soil bacterial structure as well as effects of soil microbial diversity depletion on SDZ dissipation, using "extinction dilution approach" and 14C-SDZ. Manure application affected several soil attributes, such as pH, organic carbon (OC), and macronutrient contents as well as bacterial community structure and diversity. Even minor bacterial diversity depletion impacted SDZ mineralization and non-extractible residue (NER) formation rates, but NER recovered along 42 d likely due to soil diversity recovery. However, this period may be enough to spread resistance genes into the environment. Surprisingly, the non-manured natural soil (NS-S1) showed faster SDZ dissipation rate (DT90 = 2.0 versus 21 d) and had a great number of bacterial families involved in major SDZ dissipation pathways (mineralization and mainly NER), such as Isosphaeraceae, Ktedonobacteraceae, Acidobacteriaceae_(Subgroup_1), Micromonosporaceae, and Sphingobacteriaceae. This result is unique and contrasts our hypothesis that long-term manured soils would present adaptive advantages and, consequently, have higher SDZ dissipation rates. The literature suggests instantaneous chemical degradation of SDZ in acidic soils responsible to the fast formation of NER. Our results show that if chemical degradation happens, it is soon followed by microbial metabolism (biodegradation) performed by a pool of bacteria and the newly formed metabolites should favors NER formation since SDZ presented low sorption. It also showed that SDZ mineralization is a low redundancy function.

Evaluation of Chilled Dog Semen Extended With Sperm Activator.

Within modern biotechnology, different tools and methodologies have been developed to maximize canine semen conservation protocol to optimize reproductive results. In the last decades, the survival of chilled semen has been prolonged from 2 to 3 days with the first basic diluents, to 10-14 days with the modern extenders. However, their main limitation is that sperm quality decreases during cold storage. Sperm activators (SA) have been produced to provide the molecules necessary to maximize the sperm survival and quality with the aim to enhance fertility and prolificacy. In this study, the effect of commercial extender SA (Theriosolution® Canine AI extender -Chile-) was recorded by daily evaluation of chilled semen for 14 days. In this experiment, sperm-rich ejaculate fraction was collected from six adult healthy Neapolitan Mastiff dogs. The semen evaluation started immediately after collection (d0), and after that a next generation extender was added (d0) for every 24 h from d1 (with and without SA) to d14, to determine spermatozoa progressive motility, velocity of forward progression (VFP), morphology, and integrity of the spermatic membrane. The initial sperm concentration of extended semen was 417.3 ± 170.4 x 106/mL (mean ± SEM) with 85.89 ± 4.76% of MNS (morphologically normal sperm), 84.47 ± 5.22 % live sperm, and pH of 6.2 ± 2.8. The initial VFP was 3.83 ± 0.48, but after 1 min with SA, it rises to 4.45 ± 0.45 (P < 0.001). The sperm progressive motility parameter increases significantly (P < 0.05) in experimental trial, respect to control, starting to d2 at finish (except for d7). The VFP analysis significantly increases in experimental trial (P < 0.05) during most days of the study with the exclusion of d3 and d14. To evaluate the seminal characteristics over time, the experiment was divided into T1 (d0-d5), T2 (d6-d10), and T3 (d11-d14) (P < 0.001) in evaluation of morphology and membrane functionality. The MNS reached 70% at d10 and finally 65% at d14, being considered normal and possibly fertile. With Host-s, 65% of MNS were also achieved at d14. The presence of glucose and fructose in the diluents used for refrigeration can exert very important effects given the fact that metabolic routes have been found in both sugars, providing both different and complementing effects. It can be concluded that the use of SA prior to artificial insemination improves the quality of chilled semen significantly, although it does not reverse the effects of deterioration due to cellular metabolism over time.

Effect of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid on the production of metabolites in cell suspensions cultures of Piper cumanense (Piperaceae).

Elicitation of cell suspensions culture is a strategy that could increase the production of secondary metabolites under controlled conditions. This research evaluated the effect of methyl jasmonate-MeJA and salicylic acid-SA as elicitors on the production of metabolites in cell suspensions of P. cumanense. The type of elicitor (MeJA or SA), the concentration of elicitor (10 µM and 100 µM), and time of exposition (3, 12, 24 h) on cell suspension were evaluated. Metabolic profiles of intracellular and extracellular extracts were analyzed by UHPLC-DAD and GC-MS. Differential production of metabolites was dependent on the type of elicitor, its concentration, and the time of exposition. Treatments with 100 µM SA were conducted to high production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (6.3 %), phenol (6.5 %), and (Z)-9-octadecenamide (8.8 %). This is the first report of elicitation on cell suspensions in the Piper genus and contributes to understanding the effect of MeJA and SA on metabolite production in plant cell culture.

O acesso à informação nos arquivos de Angola: fundo da antiga escola industrial e comercial Artur de Paiva (1939-1975) / Access to information in Angola's archives: fund of the old industrial and commercial school Artur de Paiva (1939-1975)

RESUMO O ensaio cuja abordagem centra-se no "acesso à informação nos arquivos de Angola: fundo da antiga Escola Industrial e Comercial Artur de Paiva", limitado em termos cronológicos nos períodos entre 1939 a 1975. É interessante estudar o acesso à informação deste fundo pelas seguintes razões: Por um lado, a escola sendo uma das mais antigas da Região Sul de Angola, e por outro lado, devido ao elevado número de documentos de valor histórico e investigativo acumulado ao longo destes anos pela instituição. Daí que, a necessidade de analisar o estado atual do acesso à informação nos arquivos de Angola e da legislação existente sobre ela, virada para o sector de ensino, tornou-se o principal objetivo do ensaio. Far-se-á através de um estudo de caso, documental e bibliográfica, analisando o fenómeno isoladamente para percebermos melhor a situação real do acesso à informação na instituição. A combinação de vários elementos metodológicos, permitirá perceber o mesmo objeto sobre perspetivas diferentes. Efetivamente, também serão apresentadas legislações nacionais e internacionais que tratam sobre o acesso à informação, proteção dos dados pessoais, entre outros. Finalmente, será possível propor um modelo para o acesso à informação do fundo histórico da escola.

ABSTRACT The tes whose approach focuses on "Access to information in Angola's archives: fund of the old Industrial and Commercial School Artur de Paiva", limited in chronological terms between 1939 and 1975. It is interesting to study the access to information from this fund by following reasons: On the one hand, the school being one of the oldest in the Southern Region of Angola, and on the other hand, due to the high number of documents of historical and investigative value accumulated over these years by the institution. Hence, the need to analyze the current state of access to information in the archives of Angola and the existing legislation on it, facing the education sector, became the main objective of the essay. It will be done through a case study, documentary and bibliographic, analyzing the phenomenon in isolation to better understand the real situation of access to information in the institution. The combination of several methodological elements, will allow to perceive the same object from different perspectives. Effectively, national and international laws that deal with access to information, protection of personal data, among others, will also be presented. Finally, it will be possible to propose a model for accessing information from the school's historical fund.

RESUMEN El ensayo cuyo enfoque se centra en "El acceso a la información en los archivos de Angola: Fondo de la antigua Escuela Industrial y Comercial Artur de Paiva", limitada en términos cronológicos entre 1939 y 1975..Es interesante estudiar el acceso a la información de este fondo por las siguientes razones: por un lado, la escuela es una de las más antiguas de la Región Sur de Angola, y por otro lado, debido a la gran cantidad de documentos de valor histórico e investigativo acumulados durante estos años. años por la institución. Por lo tanto, la necesidad de analizar el estado actual del acceso a la información en los archivos de Angola y la legislación existente sobre el mismo, frente al sector educativo, se convirtió en el objetivo principal del ensayo. Se realizará a través de un estudio de caso, documental y bibliográfico, analizando el fenómeno de forma aislada para comprender mejor la situación real de acceso a la información en la institución. La combinación de varios elementos metodológicos, permitirá percibir el mismo objeto desde diferentes perspectivas. Efectivamente, también se presentarán leyes nacionales e internacionales que se ocupan del acceso a la información, la protección de datos personales, entre otros. Finalmente, será posible proponer un modelo para acceder a la información de los antecedentes históricos de la escuela.