Sicca syndrome in systemic sclerosis: a narrative review on a neglected issue.

SSc is an auto-immune disease characterized by life-threatening manifestations such as lung fibrosis or pulmonary arterial hypertension. Symptoms with a detrimental impact on quality of life are also reported and sicca syndrome (xerostomia, xeropthalmia) is present in up to 80% of patients with SSc. Sicca syndrome can occur in the absence of overlap with Sjögren's disease and recent studies highlight that fibrosis of minor and major salivary glands, directly linked to the pathogenesis of SSc, could be a major contributor of xerostomia in SSc. This narrative review provides an overview of the clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, management and future perspectives on sicca syndrome in patients with SSc.

Adenoma pleomorfo del paladar: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Pleomorphic adenoma of the palate: report of a case and review of the literature

El adenoma pleomorfo es el tumor benigno más frecuente de lasglándulas salivales. Su localización principalmente es en la glándula parótida, pero cuando aparece en una glándula salival menor, el paladar es su localización más común. Presenta un crecimiento lento y continuo; clínicamente se presenta como un nódulo o tumor asintomático, firme y bien delimitado. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante biopsia por aspiración con aguja fi na o biopsia escisional de la lesión, siendo de gran importancia debido a que a pesar de ser una tumoración benigna, en ocasiones puede presentar transformación maligna. El tratamiento consiste en la exéresis completa de la lesión con márgenes sanos. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 40 años, con una masa en el paladar duro y blando de seis años de evolución. Tras la exéresiscompleta de la lesión, el estudio histopatológico confirmó el diagnósticode adenoma pleomorfo

Pleomorphic adenomas are the most common benign tumor of the minor salivary glands. They are primarily found in the parotid gland, except when they appear in a minor salivary gland, in which case the palate is the most common site. They display a slow, steady growth. Clinically the adenoma appears as a fi rm, well-defi ned, asymptomatic nodule or tumor. Diagnosis is confi rmed by means of fi ne-needle aspiration biopsy or excisional biopsy of the lesion. It is extremely important that they are tested given that, despite their being a benign tumor, they can sometimes become malignant. Treatment consists of the complete excision of the lesion with clean surgical margins. We report the case of a 40-year-old male patient with a mass in the hard and soft palate that had evolved over a period of six years. Following the complete excision of the le-sion, histopathology confi rmed the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma.

Saliva: métodos atuais para coleta e obtenção da amostra / Saliva: current methods for collection and attainment of the sample

Os métodos para coleta de saliva constituem-se maneiras através das quais podemos mensurar tanto parâmetros biológicos dos componentes da saliva como modificações do volume do fluxo salivar. Existe uma grande variedade de métodos para coleta deste fluido oral, desde os mais simples, como por exemplo uma simples expectoração por parte do próprio indivíduo, o método da drenagem, sucção aberta, sucção fechada, do esfregaço entre outros até a utilização de dispositivos mais sofisticados para coleta como o método salivette, eyespears e o Ultrafiltration Probe. Constitui um procedimento não invasivo, de fácil obtenção e vem sendo cada vez mais utilizado na detecção de antígenos como o citomegalovírus, vírus do herpes simples e anticorpos onde podemos citar o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), hepatites tipos A, B, C e o helicobacter pylori. Podendo desta forma também nos dar uma idéia da qualidade de saúde da pessoa. Além do potencial uso do fluido oral na detecção de drogas como anfetaminas, opióides e cocaína. O objetivo do presente trabalho é mostrar as inúmeras alternativas para a coleta de saliva, bem como comparar uma técnica a outra, orientando o profissional para a escolha da técnica de coleta que melhor lhe convier.

The methods for saliva collection consist ways through which can measure as many biological parameters of the components of the saliva as modifications of the volume of the flow to salivar. A great variety of methods for collection of this oral fluid exists, since the simplest, as for example a simple spitting on the part of the proper individual, the method of the draining, suction opened, closed suction, swab, among others until the use of sophisticated devices more for collection as the method salivette, eyespears and the Ultrafiltration Probe. It constitutes a not invasive procedure, of easy attainment and comes more being each used time in the antigen detention as citomegalovírus, virus of simple herpes and antibodies where we can cite the virus of the imunodeficiência humana (HIV), hepatites types A, B, C and helicobacter pylori. Giving us an idea of an individual’s health, and the potential oral fluid use detecting amphetamine drugs, opiates and cocaine. The objetive of this article is show innumerable alternatives to saliva collects, as well as comparing one technique to another one guiding the professional for the choice of the collection technique that better to agree to it.