ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Pollution is one of the world's largest risk factors for disease and premature death. In Europe, it is responsible for approximately 20% of mortality. Chemicals exposure can occur by inhalation, ingestion or skin contact and begins in utero. Pollutants can be divided into three categories: endocrine disruptors (pesticides, PFAS, plastics, dioxins, etc.), heavy metals (cadmium, mercury and lead ) and nanomaterials. Climate change and air pollution are other main health threats. METHODS: Literature review using PubMed and ResearchGate databases and institutional websites. RESULTS: Endocrine disruptors are identified as significant risk factors for the reproductive health with negative documented impacts following prenatal or adult exposure. Climate change and air pollution can cause gender-based health disparities. Numerous scientific arguments show that chemical pollution and climate change disproportionately impact women, both on a social and biological level. Populations in precarious situations among which women are over-represented suffer the most severe social consequences including in France. There are several gender-specific domestic or occupational exposures to pollutants, most often to the disadvantage of women compared to men. Finally, although very few gendered data exist in environmental health, there are sexual-based physiological vulnerabilities concerning the metabolism of pollutants and the capacity to adapt to heat. CONCLUSION: Facing this threat of gender inequity in sexual and reproductive health and rights' width, women's health professionals have a major role to play in initiating new ways to assess and reduce the environmental health burden in women.
Subject(s)
Telemedicine , Women's Health , Child Welfare , Maternal Health , Medical Informatics , Health SurveysABSTRACT
Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar documentos científicos e políticas de saúde direcionadas para mulheres lésbicas. Historicamente essas mulheres não têm recebido a devida atenção das políticas de promoção de direitos. Recentemente, no Brasil, a mudança deste cenário tem se dado com o aumento das pesquisas sobre sexualidade, e das políticas públicas que abordam os problemas da saúde destas mulheres. Entretanto, tais documentos devem ser avaliados de modo crítico, uma vez que ainda não consideram, de fato, as especificidades das experiências sexuais das mulheres lésbicas, reforçando dispositivos de apagamento e sujeição.(AU)
This article aims to examine scientific documents and health policies directed to lesbian women. Along the history these women have not received attention from the rights promotion policies. Recently, in Brazil, a changing in this scenery comes from the researches about sexuality and also from public policies directed to the health problems of these women. However, these documents have to be examined from a critical approach, in order to consider if they take into account the particularities of lesbian sexual life, or if they reinforce devices of effacement and submission.(AU)
Este artículo pretende analizar documentos científicos y políticas de salud dirigidas a mujeres lesbianas. Históricamente, estas mujeres no han recibido la atención debida de las políticas de promoción de derechos. Recientemente, en Brasil, se ha dado el cambio de este escenario, con el aumento de la investigación sobre la sexualidad y de las políticas públicas que abordan los problemas de salud de estas mujeres. Sin embargo, dichos documentos deben ser evaluados críticamente, ya que aún no consideran, de hecho, los aspectos específicos de las experiencias sexuales de las mujeres lesbianas, reforzando los dispositivos de apag amiento y sujeción.(AU)
Cet article a pour objectif d'analyser les documents scientifiques et politiques de la santé destinés aux femmes lesbiennes. Historiquement, ces femmes ne sont pas en train d'être traitées avec l'attention nécessaire des politiques de promotion de droits. Récemment au Brésil, le changement de ce moment-là se fait avec l'augmentation des recherches sur la sexualité et des politiques publiques qui abordent les problèmes de santé de ces femmes. Cependant, de tels documents doivent être évalués d'une manière critique puisqu'on ne considère pas vraiment les spécificités des expériences sexuelles des femmes lesbiennes en renforçant des dispositifs d'effacement et d'assujettissement.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Homosexuality, Female/psychology , Sexuality , Health Policy , Human Rights , Women's HealthABSTRACT
Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar documentos científicos e políticas de saúde direcionadas para mulheres lésbicas. Historicamente essas mulheres não têm recebido a devida atenção das políticas de promoção de direitos. Recentemente, no Brasil, a mudança deste cenário tem se dado com o aumento das pesquisas sobre sexualidade, e das políticas públicas que abordam os problemas da saúde destas mulheres. Entretanto, tais documentos devem ser avaliados de modo crítico, uma vez que ainda não consideram, de fato, as especificidades das experiências sexuais das mulheres lésbicas, reforçando dispositivos de apagamento e sujeição.
This article aims to examine scientific documents and health policies directed to lesbian women. Along the history these women have not received attention from the rights promotion policies. Recently, in Brazil, a changing in this scenery comes from the researches about sexuality and also from public policies directed to the health problems of these women. However, these documents have to be examined from a critical approach, in order to consider if they take into account the particularities of lesbian sexual life, or if they reinforce devices of effacement and submission.
Este artículo pretende analizar documentos científicos y políticas de salud dirigidas a mujeres lesbianas. Históricamente, estas mujeres no han recibido la atención debida de las políticas de promoción de derechos. Recientemente, en Brasil, se ha dado el cambio de este escenario, con el aumento de la investigación sobre la sexualidad y de las políticas públicas que abordan los problemas de salud de estas mujeres. Sin embargo, dichos documentos deben ser evaluados críticamente, ya que aún no consideran, de hecho, los aspectos específicos de las experiencias sexuales de las mujeres lesbianas, reforzando los dispositivos de apag amiento y sujeción.
Cet article a pour objectif d'analyser les documents scientifiques et politiques de la santé destinés aux femmes lesbiennes. Historiquement, ces femmes ne sont pas en train d'être traitées avec l'attention nécessaire des politiques de promotion de droits. Récemment au Brésil, le changement de ce moment-là se fait avec l'augmentation des recherches sur la sexualité et des politiques publiques qui abordent les problèmes de santé de ces femmes. Cependant, de tels documents doivent être évalués d'une manière critique puisqu'on ne considère pas vraiment les spécificités des expériences sexuelles des femmes lesbiennes en renforçant des dispositifs d'effacement et d'assujettissement.
