Changes in medical student attendance and its impact on student educational outcomes: a systematic review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on medical education, with many institutions shifting to online learning to ensure the safety of students and staff. However, there has been a decline in in-person attendance at medical schools across the UK and worldwide following the relaxation of social distancing rules and the reinstation of in-person teaching. Importantly, this trend has been observed prior to the pandemic. While reflected within the literature, there is currently no systematic review describing these changes. We aim to find out how medical students' attendance is changing as documented within the literature and its impact on their educational outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This systematic review will follow the guidelines of the Centre of Research and Dissemination, Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We will search the major databases of Medline via Ovid, Embase via Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, British Education Index via EBSCOhost and ERIC via EBSCOhost.Two reviewers will independently screen each paper and extract data, with a third reviewer for dispute resolution. All studies reporting on medical students from various universities, both graduate and undergraduate and describing changes in attendance and/or students' educational outcomes will be included. Risk of bias in individual studies will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and confidence in cumulative evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research approach. A narrative synthesis of the findings from all included studies will be reported. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required for this systematic review of existing publicly available literature. We will subsequently aim to publish the results of this systematic review in a peer-reviewed journal.

Factores relacionados con la publicación de los trabajos de investigación presentados en los congresos científicos nacionales de estudiantes de Medicina de Perú entre los años 2017-2019 / Factors related to the publication of research papers presented at medical student national scientific conferences in Peru between 2017 and 2019

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir las características de los trabajos presentados en los congresos de estudiantes de Medicina de la Sociedad Médico Estudiantil Peruana entre los años 2017 y 2019, así como los factores relacionados para su publicación. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de diseño observacional, transversal, bibliométrico y retrospectivo, de fuente secundaria en base a los libros de resúmenes de los trabajos de los congresos científicos entre los años 2017 y 2019. Los datos se analizaron mediante el software Stata, versión 13, y con estadística descriptiva. En el análisis multivariado se calcularon razones de prevalencias, con un intervalo de confianza al 95 % y p < 0,05 en los análisis crudos y ajustados. Resultados: De los 447 trabajos presentados, 170 (38,0 %) fueron investigaciones concluidas; 168 (37,6 %), protocolos de investigación, y 109 (24,4 %), casos clínicos. El 52,1 % (n = 233) de los autores procedían de una universidad de Lima; el 40,9 % (n = 183) eran de universidades públicas. En 376 de los trabajos (52,1 %), hubo un asesor entre los autores, de los cuales 332 (88,3 %) fueron médicos. La frecuencia de publicaciones fue 11,4 %. La prevalencia de publicación en formato de artículo original fue 131 % mayor (RPa: 2,31; IC 95 %: 1,22-4,37, p = 0,010) y 63 % menor (RPa: 0,37; IC 95 %: 0,17-0,81, p = 0,014) en los trabajos que fueron presentados en el año 2019 en comparación con el año 2017, lo cual fue estadísticamente significativo, con p < 0,05. Conclusiones: Uno de cada diez resúmenes de trabajos presentados en los congresos de la Sociedad Científico Médico Estudiantil Peruana (Socimep) fueron publicados, un número que sigue siendo bajo. Entre los factores asociados a la publicación se consideraron la presentación de un trabajo en formato de artículo original y del año 2019. Los resultados del presente estudio contribuirán a que las autoridades universitarias fortalezcan la investigación mediante estrategias y/o programas vinculados con la producción de índole científico estudiantil.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the characteristics of papers presented at medical student conferences of Sociedad Científica Médico Estudiantil Peruana (SOCIMEP Peruvian Medical Student Scientific Society) between 2017 and 2019, as well as the factors related to their publication. Materials and methods: An observational, cross-sectional, bibliometric, retrospective and secondary-source study based on the books of abstracts of papers presented at scientific conferences between 2017 and 2019. The data were analyzed with the Stata Statistical Software: Release 13 using descriptive statistics. In the multivariate analysis, prevalence ratios were calculated with a 95 % confidence interval and p < 0.05 in the crude and adjusted analyses. Results: From a total of 447 papers, 170 (38.0 %) were completed research studies, 168 (37.6 %) research protocols and 109 (24.4 %) case reports. In addition, 233 (52.1 %) authors came from a university in Lima and 183 (40.9 %) were from public universities. Moreover, 376 (52.1 %) papers had an advisor among the authors, 332 (88.3 %) of whom were physicians. The frequency of publications accounted for 11.4 %. The prevalence of original-article publications was 131 % higher (aPR: 2.31; 95 % CI: 1.22-4.37, p = 0.010) and 63 % lower (aPR: 0.37; 95 % CI: 0.17-0.81, p = 0.014) among papers presented in 2019 compared to 2017, thus being statistically significant, with p < 0.05. Conclusions: One out of 10 abstracts of papers presented at SOCIMEP conferences was published; however, this number is still low. Among the factors associated with the publication were presenting a research paper as an original article and in 2019. The results of this study will help the university leadership to strengthen research through strategies and/or programs linked to the student scientific production.

A pilot study to assess the impact of aboriginal and torres strait islander cultural humility webinars on australian medical school students.

BACKGROUND: The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Curriculum Framework helps higher education providers to deliver safe and well-informed cultural humility education. However, there is currently a scarcity of evidence surrounding the efficacy and impact of cultural humility education. This study will use qualitative and quantitative research methods to evaluate learning outcomes from an Indigenous health educational webinar aimed at Australian medical students. METHODS: A pilot study was conducted following a group of Australian medical students who attended an educational Indigenous health (IH) culturally responsive webinar. Recruitment was conducted via the webinar hosts' social media pages. Quantitative methods involved sending one pre- and two post-webinar questionnaires to attendees. To assess participants' retention of information, one post-webinar survey was sent out immediately after the webinar and another three months after the webinar. These questionnaires were designed to reflect pre-determined learning objectives for the webinar. Qualitative methods involved a focus group discussion to identify common themes from participant feedback. RESULTS: Twenty-six participants were included in the final quantitative analysis. Most of the participants were clinical students between 18 and 24 years old who did not identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. There was a significant increase (p = 0.007) between pre-intervention (M = 0.35, SD = 0.26) and post-webinar knowledge for the learning outcome exploring the links between health and education (M = 047, SD = 0.25). No results were obtained from the three months post-intervention questionnaire. The qualitative analysis synthesized feedback from three participants and identified presenter delivery style as an important mediator of webinar effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant increase in knowledge and understanding for the learning outcome that explored the links between health and education. We attribute this partly to the engaging and conversational delivery style of the webinar presenters. The importance of Indigenous facilitators that encourage reflective teaching should not be understated. Our results suggest that cultural humility webinars can have a positive impact on medical students' understanding of the Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander health landscape. This pilot study warrants further research on a larger population.

Differences in medical education before, during, and in the post-peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic-exploring senior medical students' attitudes.

BACKGROUND: The burden that COVID-19 has brought to the economy, healthcare systems, and education is unmatched. Public health and social measures were implemented to halt transmission. Thus, social gathering and in-person learning, core aspects of medical education, were interrupted. Studies have documented the detrimental impact students graduating during the pandemic have had on their confidence and skills. However, data comparing pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-peak students still lack. This study aimed to identify senior medical students' attitudes regarding their education and compare them according to the three previously described periods. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the survey employed was designed based on a previous questionnaire and applied to senior medical students before graduating between January 2018 and June 2022. Answers were collected using a three-point Likert scale and Yes/No questions. Associations between variables were examined using Chi-squared, Fisher's Exact tests, and ANOVA, employing logistic regression to calculate odds ratio (OR) when appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 679 responses were analyzed. Most students (59%) were women. Up to 383, 241, and 55 senior medical students answered the survey before, during, and in the post-peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. There was a staggering decrease in the percentage of students in the post-peak compared to the pre-pandemic period that considered certain factors such as being taught about the doctor-patient relationship (62% vs 75%), practicing teamwork (33% vs 54%), preclinical & clinical subjects (44% vs 63%), and being taught to conduct research (22% vs 32%) as "very useful" to their professional traineeship. There was a significant difference between pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-peak students when asked if the study curriculum accomplished the goal of training a professional with integrity (89% vs 66% vs 64%, p < 0.001), respectively. In a multivariate analysis graduating during the pandemic (OR 3.92; 95% CI, 2.58-5.94) and in the post-peak period (OR 4.24; 95% CI, 2.23-8.07) were independent factors for the appreciation that the study curriculum did not meet its objective. CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic has hindered medical education. Students' appreciation of their instruction has deteriorated. Urgent interventions that halt the negative impact on training, ensure readiness for future problems and improve schooling worldwide are needed.

Undergraduate radiology education in Europe in 2022: a survey from the European Society of Radiology (ESR).

BACKGROUND: Education in radiology should be an integral aspect of undergraduate medical training given the essential role of imaging in patient management. Since the introduction of the European Society of Radiology undergraduate curriculum a decade ago, radiology education has evolved. OBJECTIVES: This survey aimed to assess the current status of undergraduate radiology education in Europe. METHODS: An electronic survey on undergraduate teaching was distributed by the European Society of Radiology to delegates of the European Society of Radiology education committee and presidents of national radiological societies from April 1 to May 31, 2022. Data from the twenty questions were summarized using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: There were 72 respondents from 36 countries. Radiology was taught to undergraduates in 95% (68/72), with a national or local curriculum informing radiology education in 93% (67/72). Radiology teaching was delivered by radiologists in 98% (58/59), across all years of medical school but most commonly in the fourth year of medical training (63%, 44/70), through various means including lectures, workshops, radiology department placements, online resources and simulation. Teaching hours were variable, with a minimum of 10 h reported. CONCLUSION: This survey's findings suggest an improvement over the last decade in the engagement of radiologists in the delivery of undergraduate radiology education in European countries affiliated with the European Society of Radiology.

Participación de la Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Perú en las Publicaciones: Experiencia Universitaria / Participation of the Scientific Society of Medical Students of Peru in the publications: University Experience / Participação da Sociedade Científica dos Estudantes de Medicina do Peru nas publicações: Experiência Universitária

La investigación científica en pregrado forma parte del desarrollo integral del estudiante de medicina; sin embargo, presenta limitaciones como las reducidas oportunidades de participar en proyectos de investigación, miedo al rechazo por la editorial, ausencia de la cultura investigativa, ausencia de asesores, desinterés de los docentes y la falta de financiamiento (1). A pesar de la baja producción científica estudiantil en América Latina (2), se evidenció un incremento significativo, atribuyendo a la creación de las sociedades científicas. En el Perú, se fundó la Sociedad Científica Peruana de Estudiantes de Medicina (SOCIPEM) el 27 de agosto de 1992 en la ciudad del Cusco, que luego cambiaría de nombre a Sociedad Científico Médico Estudiantil Peruana (SOCIMEP).

Undergraduate scientific research is part of the integral development of the medical student, but it has limitations, such as reduced opportunities to participate in research projects, fear of rejection by the editorial, absence of research culture, lack of advisors, disinterest of teachers and lack of funding (1). Despite the low student scientific production in Latin America (2), a significant increase was evident, attributing it to the creation of scientific societies. In Peru, the Peruvian Scientific Society of Medical Students (SOCIPEM) was founded on August 27, 1992 in the city of Cusco, which would later change its name to the Peruvian Medical Student Scientific Society (SOCIMEP).

Medical school dean's scientific production of the main universities by continent / Produção científica dos reitores de medicina das principais universidades por continente

Introduction: promoting scientifi c research is one of the main functions of universities. Medical schools should not be an exception; deans should also have appropriate research experience that allows them to have a different perspective on the importance of research in undergraduate medicine. Aim: to determine the medical school dean's scientific production of the main universities by continent. Methods: an observational, analytical, and transversal study. We identify the medical school dean's scientific production of the 20 universities with the best position from South America, Central America, North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, according to the Ranking Webometrics 2022, in the Scopus database. Results: 140 directors or deans of medicine were evaluated, of which 136 (97.1%) had published an article at least once in their life, 128 (91.4%) in the last fi ve years, 103 (73.6%) in the previous year, and 93 (66.4%) in the current year. The total number of published articles was 24.5 (Me=98), receiving a total of 1,251,766 citations (range 0 to 101,868), an Hindex 24 (range 0 to 140), and in collaboration with 154,711 coauthors. Conclusions: the medical school dean's scientific production from the main universities by continent was high, with notable differences between those who came from universities in Asia, North America, and Europe compared to Oceania, Africa, South America, and Central America

Introdução: promover a pesquisa científica é uma das principais funções das universidades. As escolas médicas não devem ser uma exceção. Os reitores também devem ter uma experiência de pesquisa adequada que lhes permita ter uma perspectiva diferente sobre a importância da pesquisa na graduação em medicina. Objetivo: determinar a produção científica dos reitores de medicina das principais universidades por continente. Métodos: estudo observacional, analítico e transversal. Identificamos a produção científica dos pró-reitores de medicina das 20 universidades com melhor posição da América do Sul, América Central, América do Norte, Europa, Ásia, África e Oceania, segundo o Ranking Webometrics 2022, na base Scopus. Resultados: foram avaliados 140 diretores ou reitores de medicina, dos quais 136 (97.1%) publicaram artigo pelo menos uma vez na vida, 128 (91.4%) nos últimos cinco anos, 103 (73.5%) no ano anterior, e 93 (66.4%) no ano corrente. O número total de artigos publicados foi de 24.5 (Me=98), recebendo um total de 1,251,766 citações (intervalo de 0 a 101.868), índice H = 24 (intervalo de 0 a 140) e em colaboração com 154,711 coautores. Conclusões: a produção científica dos reitores de medicina das principais universidades por continente foi alta, com diferenças notáveis entre aqueles que vieram de universidades da Ásia, América do Norte e Europa em comparação com Oceania, África, América do Sul e América Central

An exploratory study of the academic leagues in southern Brazil: doing multiple activities / Um estudo exploratório das ligas acadêmicas no sul do Brasil: realizando múltiplas atividades

Abstract: Introduction: Academic leagues are Brazilian student-led initiatives aimed at doing multiple extracurricular activities in a medical school. The leagues exist in almost all the universities of the country. Purpose: To characterize the activity profile of the academic leagues of a medical school. Method: Quali-quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study that collected data on academic leagues such as: year of foundation, number of members, number of teachers, types of selection and admission and activities performed. Results: Of the 52 active leagues, 27 provided data. The average number of students was 21.6 ± 10.4, ranging from 07 to a maximum of 48. Most respondents (77.8%) had only one teacher. The performed activities were mainly theoretical classes, discussion of clinical cases, practical activities, production of scientific articles, publications in social networks, solidarity activities and organization of their own events. Conclusions: Academic leagues are student-led initiatives with great potential to expand medical school actions using the existing structure. With their activities mapped and guided by management, academic leagues can be great catalysts for complementary activities and can contribute greatly to the training of new doctors.

Resumo: Introdução: Ligas acadêmicas são iniciativas de estudantes brasileiros criadas para realizar múltiplas atividades extracurriculares em uma escola médica. As ligas existem em quase todas as universidades do país. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil de atividades das ligas acadêmicas de uma escola médica. Método: Estudo descritivo transversal qualiquantitativo que coletou dados das ligas acadêmicas, como: ano de fundação, número de membros, número de professores, formas de seleção e ingresso e atividades realizadas. Resultados: Das 52 ligas ativas, 27 forneceram dados. O número médio de estudantes foi de 21,6 ± 10,4, variando entre 07 e 48. A maior parte das respondentes (77,8%) possui apenas um professor. As atividades realizadas são, majoritariamente, aulas teóricas, discussão de casos clínicos, atividades práticas, produção de artigos científicos, publicação em redes sociais, atividades de voluntariado e organização de eventos próprios. Conclusões: Ligas acadêmicas são iniciativas lideradas por estudantes com grande potencial de amplificar as ações da escola médica usando a estrutura já existente. Com suas atividades mapeadas e orientadas pela gestão da escola, as ligas acadêmicas podem ser grandes catalisadoras das atividades complementares e contribuir para a formação de novos médicos.

A atuação das Ligas Acadêmicas vinculadas à Associação Brasileira das Ligas de Cirurgia Plástica / The Performance of Academic Leagues Linked to the Brazilian Association of Plastic Surgery Leagues

Introdução: As Ligas Acadêmicas de Cirurgia Plástica (LCP) são organizações estudantis que objetivam complementar a formação acadêmica em cirurgia plástica. Atuam por meio dos pilares de ensino, pesquisa e extensão que promovem o contato dos estudantes com a realidade social em que estão inseridos, permitindo-os entender as verdadeiras necessidades da população e atuar como agentes de transformação social. No entanto, a abordagem do tema na literatura ainda é incipiente. O presente trabalho objetiva descrever a atuação das LCP vinculadas à Associação Brasileira das Ligas de Cirurgia Plástica (ABLCP). Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, multicêntrico de abordagem qualiquantitativa, mediante a aplicação de um questionário de 19 perguntas construídas de modo a evitar os vieses demonstrados no Catálogo de Vieses em Questionários. Resultados: Foi observado que existem 78 LCPs e 1873 ligantes, presentes em 58 cidades ao longo de 20 estados, sendo a Região Sudeste com o maior número de ligas e ligantes, já a Região Norte apresenta a menor quantidade de ligas e alunos. Além do mais, foi visto que 78,2% das ligas são vinculadas à ABLCP e apresentam atividades nos três eixos (educação, pesquisa e extensão). Em geral, as ligas têm menos participação em pesquisa. Conclusão: A ABLCP objetiva melhorar a performance das ligas, inspecionar e estimular suas atividades, uma vez que as ligas possuem um papel importante na educação médica.

Introduction: The Academic Leagues are non-profit autonomous civil and scientific student entities, of indefinite duration, which brings together medical students and professors. The Brazilian Association of Plastic Surgery Leagues (ABLCP) is an organization linked to the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery (SBCP), considered its academic segment, thus establishing the proximity between Academic Leagues of Plastic Surgery (PSL) and SBCP. The present study aims to describe the profile of the associated leagues. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, multicenter study with qualitative and quantitative approach through application of an online questionnaire with 19 questions. Duplicated or unfinished records were excluded. Results: It was observed that there are 78 PSLs and 1873 binders, present in 58 cities arranged in 20 federative units, being the Southeast region with the largest number of alloys and binders and the one with the smallest number was the North region. In addition, it was observed that 78.2% of the PSLs linked to the ABLCP presented activities in the three axes (Education, Research and Extension/Assistance) simultaneously. In general, the Leagues obtained less participation in research. Conclusions: ABLCPs performance in relation to LCPs has the objective of seeking alignment, inspection and stimulus for their activities, since alloys have an important role in medical education.

La enseñanza de la bioética para el fortalecimiento de la práctica biomédica y la investigación en las escuelas de ciencias de la salud / The Teaching of Bioethics for the Strengthening of Biomedical Practice and Research in Healthcare Sciences Schools / O ensino da bioética para o fortalecimento da prática biomédica e de pesquisa nas escolas de ciências da saúde

Introducción. La UNESCO define la bioética como el estudio sistemático, pluralista e interdisciplinario, para resolver los problemas éticos planteados por la medicina, las ciencias sociales y de la vida, comprendiendo lo relativo a los adelantos científicos aplicados a seres humanos y su relación con la biósfera. La UNESCO, asistida por un comité internacional de expertos, presentó en el 2016 el plan de estudios básico de bioética "The Bioethics Core Curriculum", orientado a fortalecer su enseñanza en ambientes universitarios. El objetivoprincipal de este manuscrito fue identificar los referentes conceptuales y los esfuerzos multilaterales para la inclusión de la bioética en los currículos, señalando su pertinencia para el mejoramiento continuo, el fortalecimiento de la enseñanza y la investigación en las ciencias biomédicas. Temas de reflexión. Referentes conceptuales vigentes, esfuerzos multilaterales en la enseñanza de la bioética, política nacional de ética de la investigación, bioética e integridad científica. Conclusiones. La bioética, como ciencia de la supervivencia, es un pilar fundamental para la práctica de las ciencias biomédicas. Es evidente la necesidad de formar y preparar de manera adecuada a los futuros profesionales, líderes de opinión, académicos, investigadores, políticos y tomadores de decisiones en aspectos bioéticos, con el propósito de mejorar y fortalecer la formulación de referentes bioéticos en la práctica biomédica y la investigación en ciencias de la salud.

Introduction. UNESCO defines bioethics as the systematic, pluralist, and interdisciplinary study to resolve the ethical problems posed by medicine, social sciences, and life, understanding matters related to scientific progress applied to human beings and their relationship with the biosphere. In 2016, UNESCO, aided by an international committee of experts, presented "The Bioethics Core Curriculum", aimed at strengthening its teaching in universities environment. The main objective of this manuscript was to identify the conceptual references and multilateral efforts for the inclusion of bioethics in curricula, indicating their relevance for continuous improvement, strengthening of teaching, and research in biomedical sciences. Topics of reflection. Current conceptual references, multilateral efforts in bioethics teaching, national research ethics, bioethics, and scientific integrity policy. Conclusions. Bioethics, as a survival science, is a fundamental pillar for the practice of biomedical sciences. The need to educate and adequately prepare future professionals, opinion leaders, academics, researchers, politicians, and decision makers in aspects of bioethics is obvious, in order to improve and strengthen the formulation of bioethical references in biomedical practice and research in healthcare sciences

Introdução. A UNESCO define bioética como o estudo sistemático, pluralista e interdisciplinar para resolver os problemas éticos colocados pela medicina, ciências sociais e da vida, incluindo questões relacionadas aos avanços científicos aplicados ao ser humano e sua relação com a biosfera. A UNESCO, auxiliada por um comitê internacional de especialistas, apresentou em 2016 o currículo básico de bioética "The Bioethics Core Curriculum", visando fortalecer seu ensino em ambientes universitários. O objetivo principal deste manuscrito foi identificar as referências conceituais e os esforços multilaterais para a inclusão da bioética nos currículos, apontando sua relevância para a melhoria contínua, fortalecimento do ensino e da pesquisa em ciências biomédicas. Tópicos de reflexão. Referências conceituais atuais, esforços multilaterais no ensino de bioética, política nacional de ética em pesquisa, bioética e integridade científica. Conclusões. A bioética, como ciência da sobrevivência, é um pilar fundamental para a prática das ciências biomédicas. Fica evidente a necessidade de formar e preparar adequadamente futuros profissionais, formadores de opinião, acadêmicos, pesquisadores, políticos e tomadores de decisão em aspectos bioéticos, com o objetivo de melhorar e fortalecer a formulação de referências bioéticas na prática biomédica e na pesquisa em ciências da saúde.

Tailoring a sexual health curriculum to the sexual health challenges seen by midwifery, nursing and medical providers and students in Tanzania.

BACKGROUND:  Tanzania is a country experiencing multiple sexual health challenges, but providers receive no formal training in sexual health. AIM:  This study aimed to assess (1) what sexual health challenges are commonly seen in clinics in Tanzania, (2) which are raised by patients, (3) which are not addressed and (4) which topics to prioritise for a sexual health curriculum. SETTING:  Healthcare settings in Tanzania. METHODS:  Participants were 60 experienced and 61 student doctors, nurses and midwives working in Dar es Salaam. The authors conducted 18 focus groups stratified by profession (midwifery, nursing or medicine) and experience (practitioners vs. students). RESULTS:  Providers identified six common sexual health concerns: (1) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and sexually transmissible infection (STI) (especially syphilis and gonorrhoea), (2) sexual violence (including intimate partner violence and female genital mutilation), (3) early and unwanted pregnancy (including early sexual debut and complications from abortion), (4) sexual dysfunctions, (5) key population concerns (e.g. lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT); sex work) and (6) non-procreative sexual behaviour (including pornography and masturbation in males and oral and anal sex practices in heterosexual couples). Across professions, few differences were observed. Homosexuality, sex work, masturbation and pornography were identified as taboo topics rarely discussed. Most participants (81%) wanted one comprehensive sexual health curriculum delivered across disciplines. CONCLUSION:  A sexual health curriculum for health students in Tanzania needs to address the most common sexual health concerns of patients. In addition to teaching sexual science and clinical care, skills training in how to address taboo topics is recommended. Students endorsed almost all sexual health topics, which suggests that a comprehensive curriculum is appropriate.

Edith Nourse Rogers: A Pioneer for Women, Military Veterans, and US Medical Education.

This year is the 80th anniversary of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps. The passage of this seminal legislation - sponsored by Edith Nourse Rogers - formalized the role of women in the US military and compensated them for their service and in the event of injury or illness. Rogers was a pioneer in her own right. A trailblazer for women and a staunch advocate for military veterans' healthcare, Rogers was forged by her wartime experiences. The authors describe Rogers' contributions as a congresswoman during World War II and during her 35 years of public service in the House of Representatives. Congresswoman Rogers was foundational to the modern US healthcare system.

La profesionalización en el contexto de las ciencias médicas en Cuba: una mirada desde los artículos científicos publicados por autores cubanos / Professionalization in the context of medical sciences in Cuba: a view from scientific articles published by Cuban authors

RESUMEN Introducción: en la actualidad los estudios sobre profesionalización son un campo abierto a nuevas áreas y a los más diversos abordajes. Fenómeno que se manifiesta de igual manera en el campo de las ciencias de la salud. Objetivo: realizar una revisión sistemática sobre la profesionalización en el contexto de las ciencias médicas en Cuba. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva de corte transaccional. Se emplearon dos criterios de búsquedas, la base de datos de cada una de las revistas de las ciencias médicas del país y la búsqueda abierta en varios motores de búsquedas y bases de datos. Como instrumento básico de recogida de datos se diseñó una matriz de adyacencia formada por filas y columnas. Resultados: la búsqueda realizada permitió identificar 24 artículos científicos sometidos a la revisión por pares. El comportamiento de las publicaciones en los años registrados reveló de manera general que es muy reducido el número de artículos que sobre el tema se han publicado. Se observó que la centralidad de la red gira en torno a cuatro nodos que tienen la mayor cantidad de concurrencia: profesionalización, profesionalización pedagógica, profesionalización docente y profesionalización científica Conclusiones: se concluye que la profesionalización es una categoría usada en el contexto de las ciencias médicas en Cuba y en la gestión de los diferentes procesos que se llevan a cabo. No obstante, la socialización de artículos científicos no está adecuadamente respaldada dada la totalidad de prácticas que en este campo se realizan.

ABSTRACT Introduction: at present, studies on professionalization continue to be a field open to new areas and to the most diverse approaches. This phenomenon is equally visible in the field of health sciences. Objective: to carry out a systematic review on professionalization in the context of medical sciences in Cuba. Methods: a descriptive-transactional-type research was carried out. Two search criteria were used: the database of each one of the medical sciences journals in the country and the open search in several search engines and databases. An adjacent matrix formed by rows and columns was designed as a basic data collection instrument. Results: the search made it possible to identify 24 scientific articles submitted to peer-review. The behavior of the publications in the years recorded revealed in general that the number of articles published on the subject is very small. It was observed that the centrality of the network revolves around four nodes that have the highest number of concurrence: professionalization, pedagogical professionalization, teaching professionalization and scientific professionalization. Conclusions: it is concluded that professionalization is a category used in the context of medical sciences in Cuba and in the management of the different processes conducted. However, the socialization of scientific articles is not adequately supported given the totality of practices carried out in this field.

A Framework for the Virtual Medical Interview Process: Considerations for the Applicant and the Interviewer.

Background: Videoconferencing platforms are being used for the purposes of interviewing in academic medicine because of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We present considerations applicable to interviewers and interviewees in the virtual space, with a focus on medical school and residency applicants. Methods: We reviewed the literature regarding the virtual interview process for medical school and residency by searching PubMed using the following keywords and terms: "interview," "academic medicine," "medical school application," "residency application," "virtual interviews," and "videoconferencing." Our search identified 701 results, from which we selected 36 articles for review. Results: The garnered information focuses on strategies for optimizing the virtual interview process from the standpoint of both the interviewer and the interviewee. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the virtual interview process and present recommendations. Conclusion: While the future of the interview process for medical school and residency is uncertain, virtual interviewing is a common and growing practice that will continue to be at least part of the medical interview process for years to come. Interviewers and interviewees should prepare to adapt to the evolving changes in the process.

Association of Residents' Medical School Reputation and Urology Residency Program Ranking.

INTRODUCTION: The Urology Residency Match process is a highly competitive application process that evaluates coursework performance, standardized examination scores, research productivity, quality of letter of recommendations, and participation in away rotations. With recent changes to medical school grading metrics, lack of in-person interviews, and examination scorings, less objective metrics are available to stratify applicants. We characterized the association of urology residents' medical school and urology residency program rankings. METHODS: Using publicly available resources, all urology residents from 2016 to 2022 were identified. Their medical school and urology residency rankings were determined from 2022 US News and World Reports and Doximity urology residency reputation. Ordinal logistic regression modeling was used to determine the association between medical school and residency rankings. RESULTS: A total of 2,306 successfully matched residents were identified from 2016 to 2022. There was positive association between urology program and medical school ranking (P < .001). Within each urology program tier over the last 7 years, there was no significant change over time in the proportions of urology residents by medical school rankings (P >0.05). A consistent proportion of matched residents from higher ranked medical schools matched into top ranked urology programs, while a consistent proportion of applicants from lower ranked medical schools matched into lower ranked urology programs across each application cycle from 2016 to 2022 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: We observed that over the last 7 years trainees from higher ranked medical schools were more commonly represented in top urology programs while lower ranked urology programs were overrepresented by residents from lower ranked medical schools.

[Technology-enhanced learning in anesthesiology and emergency medicine : A new approach to medical school teaching in the wake of the pandemic]. / "Technology-enhanced learning" in Anästhesiologie und Notfallmedizin : Ein neuer Weg in der studentischen Lehre im Schatten der Pandemie.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought about unprecedented challenges to medical schools. Physical distancing as the most effective means of infection prevention renders traditional classroom teaching nearly impossible and new teaching methods are required to contain the infection risk whilst ensuring high-level education. OBJECTIVE: In order to minimize the need for classroom teaching we have created an interactive multimedia eLearning environment using the open-source learning management system "Moodle". This article describes the development of the eLearning environment and aims to establish the acceptance of technology-enhanced learning (TEL) among medical students and the evaluation of TEL as an alternative to classroom teaching. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have built a multimedia eLearning environment for fourth year medical students covering the medical school curriculum "anesthesiology and emergency medicine", which is based on the recommendations of the German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI). We have chosen the open-source learning management system "Moodle" as a platform. "Moodle" is widely used by Anglo-American educational institutions to support and conduct academic and nonacademic teaching. In order to assess the students' experience, we have carried out an anonymized post-course survey consisting of multiple-choice and free-answer questions. RESULTS: Of the 157 participants 85.4% rated the course as "very good", 12.1% as "good" and 1.9% as "OK". Lower ratings were not given, 54.8% rated the course content as "very relevant", 43.3% as "relevant" and 1.9% as "neutral", 94.3% felt that more comparable online courses should be offered. The free-text answers revealed that accessibility and multimedia self-controlled learning were highly valued; however, it was felt that hands-on training cannot be replaced by eLearning. CONCLUSION: Technology Enhanced Learning was highly valued by our students and helped to reduce the need for classroom teaching; however, for teaching practical skills classroom teaching remains indispensable.

Forty-year Tunisian bibliometrics of general surgery theses in the four national faculties of medicine (1980-2019).

The objective of this work was to establish the bibliometric profile of Tunisian theses in 'general surgery' and to describe their themes, their study designs, and their writing quality. This is a retrospective descriptive bibliometric study, covering all the theses in medicine in the specialty of 'general surgery', defended in the four medical faculties of Tunisia, during the forty last years from 1980 to 2019. During the study period, 739 theses in 'general surgery' were discussed in Tunisia, with an average of 19 theses per year. The most studied research topic was emergencies (41%), followed by common surgical pathologies (26%) and digestive oncology (21.5%). Descriptive studies and case studies represented the majority of study designs with respective proportions of 56.9% and 40.6%. Only 20.7% of these theses had a scientific writing quality deemed satisfactory. The least respected elements in writing their summaries were statistical (confidence intervals and standard deviations) and documentary (keywords). Despite the plethora of themes of Tunisian theses in 'general surgery', their basic methodology and their editorial non conformity require the educational reform of the dissertations, both doctoral students and supervisors, by strengthening their skills in research methodology and scientific communication written.

Evaluation of Knowledge on Emergency Management of Avulsed Teeth Among Turkish Medical and Dental Students

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of medical and dental students regarding the emergency management of avulsed teeth. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional survey study was performed on 1841 students. Medical (n=746) and dental (n=845) students from different universities were included in this study. A questionnaire about the emergency management of avulsed teeth was conducted on the students. Also, 250 medical students from 3rd grade were included in the study and trained. The questionnaire was applied twice, before and after the training on the subject. Results: The mean correct answer scores were similar among the medical students in different grades (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the trained medical students and clinical dental students' correct answer scores, but there was a significant difference between the pre-clinical (1st-2nd-3rd years) and clinical (4th-5th years) dental students (p<0.01). Conclusion: Medical and preclinical dental students had lack of knowledge about the emergency management of avulsed teeth, while clinical dental and trained medical students were very knowledgeable. This result indicates the importance of education (AU).