News media consumption and support for counter-terrorism measures: the role of hatred and fear.

Media are a key social agent shaping society's responses to measures implemented in the fight against terrorism. We argue that emotions elicited by media narratives on terrorist attacks are decisive to understand the link between the news media consumption and citizens' support for military intervention in the Middle East, as well as for security measures in the home country. In two studies conducted after the Brussels attacks (N = 250) and the Barcelona attacks (N = 633), we tested the explanatory role of emotions - specifically fear and hatred - in the association between media narratives and these two outcomes. The results of both studies show that hatred explained the positive relationship between news media consumption and support for military intervention, and to a lesser degree, agreement with security measures. In contrast, the positive relationship between news media consumption and agreement with security measures was explained by fear. This research underscores the need to consider how emotions are utilized in media discourse. We discuss practical implications of our findings for promoting ethical journalism.

The leading role of expert safety knowledge in supporting the mission of caring for patients during man-made and natural disasters: state of emergency medicine in Ethiopia, Myanmar, and Ukraine.

Preparedness to endure extreme situations such as natural disasters or military conflicts is not commonplace in healthcare training programs. Moreover, multidisciplinary teams in health services rarely (if ever) include experts in security. However, when emergency situations occur, prevailing healthcare demands do not cease to exist, and unexpected demands often surge due to the shortage of other services and supplies or as a consequence of the emergency condition itself.With services in 45 countries, AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF) has operated in several conflict zones, facing broad and challenging security demands. Since 2017 AHF has implemented the Global Department of Safety and Security (GDSS), a dedicated intelligence and safety program that had a key role in the security monitoring, preparedness, and defense responses, assisting staff members and clients during recent conflicts.In this manuscript, we describe the experience of AHF's GDSS in three recent military conflicts in Ethiopia, Myanmar, and Ukraine, and provide insights into steps that can be taken to assure staff safety and support the mission of caring for patients throughout catastrophic events.

Sex and Racial/Ethnic Differences in School Security Measures, Bullying Victimization, and Perceived School Safety: Implications for Pediatric Health Care.

INTRODUCTION: Using the 2017 National Crime Victimization Survey dataset, this study examined the association between the types of school security measures and students' bullying victimization and perceived school safety. METHOD: Using logistic regression and ordinary least square regression analyses, the study addressed whether these associations vary by sex and race/ethnicity, as most research has treated sex and race/ethnicity as covariates. RESULTS: The study found that none of the security measures were associated with bullying victimization among the total sample. However, there were sex and racial differences in the association between security measures and bullying victimization. There were also sex and racial/ethnic variations in the association between security measures and perceived school safety. DISCUSSION: Scholars, health care practitioners, and policymakers must reflect and reconsider whether increasing school security and control would contribute to the safety and well-being of racial/ethnic minority students in school.

Risk Perceptions Regarding COVID-19 and Compliance with Protective Measures of Midwifery and Nursing Senior Students / Percepções de Risco Relacionadas à COVID-19 e Cumprimento de Medidas de Proteção de Estudantes Séniores de Obstetrícia e Enfermagem / Percepciones de Riesgo con respecto a COVID-19 y Cumplimiento de Medidas de Protección en Estudiantes Seniors de Obstetricia y Enfermería

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to examine the risk perceptions of midwifery and nursing senior students regarding COVID-19 and compliance with vaccination and protective measures. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two academic years on senior midwifery and nursing students (n = 358). In the present study, the descriptive characteristics of the students and the COVID-19 risk perception scale were used. Results: The students' COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale scores were at a moderate level and a similar level in both years of this study. More than 80% of the students were fully vaccinated, and the family history of COVID-19 was positive in approximately half of them. In the second year of the pandemic, they paid less attention to social distance and avoidance of being indoors. Conclusion: Although the COVID-19 risk perceptions of future health professional students remained at a similar level during the examined period, it was found that in the second year of the pandemic, they started to get used to the process and paid less attention to social protective measures.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo examinar as percepções de risco de estudantes sêniores de obstetrícia e enfermagem em relação à COVID-19 e o cumprimento das medidas de vacinação e proteção. Método: Este estudo transversal foi realizado ao longo de dois anos acadêmicos com estudantes sêniores de obstetrícia e enfermagem (n = 358). No presente estudo, foram utilizadas as características descritivas dos estudantes e a escala de percepção de risco da COVID-19. Resultados: As pontuações dos estudantes na Escala de Percepção de Risco da COVID-19 situaram-se num nível moderado e semelhante em ambos os anos do estudo. Mais de 80% dos estudantes estavam totalmente vacinados, e aproximadamente metade deles tinha histórico familiar de COVID-19. No segundo ano da pandemia, prestaram menos atenção ao distanciamento social e aos hábitos de evitar permanência em espaços fechados. Conclusão: Embora as percepções de risco da COVID-19 dos futuros profissionais de saúde tenham permanecido em níveis semelhantes durante o período examinado, verificou-se que, no segundo ano da pandemia, começaram a acostumar-se com o processo e prestaram menos atenção às medidas de proteção social.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo examinar las percepciones de riesgo de los estudiantes seniors de obstetricia y enfermería con respecto a COVID-19 y su cumplimiento con la vacunación y las medidas de protección. Método: Este estudio transversal se llevó a cabo en dos años académicos con estudiantes seniors de obstetricia y enfermería (n = 358). En el presente estudio, se utilizaron las características descriptivas de los estudiantes y la escala de percepción de riesgo de COVID-19. Resultados: Las puntuaciones en la Escala de Percepción de Riesgo de COVID-19 de los estudiantes estaban en un nivel moderado y similar en ambos años de este estudio. Más del 80% de los estudiantes estaban completamente vacunados y la historia familiar de COVID-19 fue positiva en aproximadamente la mitad de ellos. En el segundo año de la pandemia, prestaron menos atención a la distancia social y a evitar estar en interiores. Conclusión: Aunque las percepciones de riesgo de COVID-19 de los futuros profesionales de la salud se mantuvieron en un nivel similar durante el período examinado, se encontró que en el segundo año de la pandemia, empezaron a acostumbrarse al proceso y prestaron menos atención a las medidas de protección social.

Medidas poblacionales para la seguridad vial: más allá de la responsabilidad individual / Population measures to improve road safety: Beyond individual responsibility

Las lesiones causadas por el tránsito (LCT) se encuentran dentro de las principales causas de mortalidad y discapacidad a nivel mundial, hecho reflejado en el puesto que ocupan dentro de las primeras diez causas de vida ajustados por discapacidad, con importantes costos e impacto económico y social para las sociedades que las padecen. En 2004, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) lanzó el primer informe sobre prevención de LCT. Sin embargo, en años posteriores esa situación no mejoró, por lo cual las Naciones Unidas lanzó la Década de Acción para la Seguridad Vial (2011-2020), donde se invitaba a los gobiernos a diseñar e implementar acciones para reducir la carga asociada a este problema; entre estas se encuentra diseño y mejoramiento de vías, atención oportuna pos siniestro, control de la velocidad, medidas de control administrativo, diseño y mejoramiento de estándares vehiculares, entre otras. Las medidas basadas en enfoque poblacional han demostrado ser más poderosas que las medidas que inducen cambios de comportamiento individual.

Injuries caused by traffic (ICT) are among the main causes of mortality and disability worldwide, reflected in the fact that they occupy the first ten causes of disability adjusted life years with economic and social cost impacts for the societies that suffer from them. In 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) released the first Prevention Report about ICT. Nevertheless, in subsequent years this situation has not improved, motivating the United Nations to launch the Decade of Action for Road Safety (2011-2020), where governments were invited to design and implement actions to reduce the burden associated with this problem: designing and improving of roads, increasing timely post-crash care, speed control, administrative control measures, designing and improving vehicle safety standards, among others. Population-based measures have been shown to be more powerful than measures that induce individual behavior changes.

Factores asociados a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en profesionales de la salud de hospitales universitarios / Factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals from university hospitals / Fatores associados à infecção por SARS-CoV-2 entre profissionais da saúde de hospitais universitários

Objetivo: investigar los factores asociados a la infección por SARSCoV-2 en los profesionales de la salud de hospitales universitarios. Método: estudio multicéntrico, con abordaje mixto con estrategia incorporada concomitante, realizado con 559 profesionales en la etapa cuantitativa, y 599 en la etapa cualitativa. Fueron utilizados cuatro instrumentos de recolección de datos, aplicados a través un formulario electrónico. El análisis cuantitativo se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial y los datos cualitativos mediante análisis de contenido Resultados: los factores asociados a la infección fueron: realización de la prueba "RT-PCR" (p<0,001) y unidades que atienden a pacientes con COVID-19 (p=0,028). Tener síntomas aumentó la prevalencia de infección 5,63 veces y cumplir la mayor parte del tiempo con el distanciamiento social en la vida privada la redujo un 53,9%. Los datos cualitativos mostraron las dificultades que enfrentaron los profesionales: escasez y baja calidad de equipos de protección personal, sobrecarga de trabajo, distanciamiento físico en el trabajo, procesos y rutinas inadecuados y la ausencia de una política de triage y testeo masivos. Conclusión: los factores asociados a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en los profesionales de la salud se relacionaron mayormente con cuestiones laborales.

Objective: to investigate factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals from university hospitals. Method: a multicenter, mixed approach study with concomitant incorporated strategy, carried out with 559 professionals in the quantitative stage, and 599 in the qualitative stage. Four data collection instruments were used, applied by means of an electronic form. The quantitative analysis was performed with descriptive and inferential statistics and the qualitative data were processed by means of content analysis. Results: the factors associated with the infection were as follows: performance of the RT-PCR test (p<0.001) and units offering care to COVID-19 patients (p=0.028). Having symptoms increased 5.63 times the prevalence of infection and adhering to social distancing most of the time in private life reduced it by 53.9%. The qualitative data evidenced difficulties faced by the professionals: scarcity and low quality of Personal Protective Equipment, work overload, physical distancing at work, inadequate processes and routines and lack of a mass screening and testing policy. Conclusion: the factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals were mostly related to occupational issues.

Objetivo: investigar fatores associados à infecção por SARS-CoV-2 entre profissionais da saúde de hospitais universitários. Método: estudo multicêntrico, de abordagem mista com estratégia incorporada concomitante, realizado com 559 profissionais na etapa quantitativa, e 599 na etapa qualitativa. Foram utilizados quatro instrumentos de coleta de dados, aplicados via formulário eletrônico. A análise quantitativa foi realizada com estatística descritiva e inferencial e os dados qualitativos por meio de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: os fatores associados à infeção foram: realização de teste "RT-PCR" (p<0,001) e unidades com atendimento a pacientes com COVID-19 (p=0,028). Ter sintomas aumentou em 5,63 vezes a prevalência de infeção e aderir ao distanciamento social na maior parte do tempo na vida particular reduziu em 53,9%. Dados qualitativos evidenciaram dificuldades enfrentadas pelos profissionais: escassez e baixa qualidade de equipamentos de proteção individual, sobrecarga de trabalho, distanciamento físico no trabalho, processos e rotinas inadequadas e ausência de uma política de triagem e testagem em massa. Conclusão: os fatores associados à infecção por SARS-CoV-2 entre profissionais da saúde foram em sua maioria relacionados a questões ocupacionais.

Clinicians' Perspectives on Healthcare Cybersecurity and Cyber Threats.

INTRODUCTION: In today's world, healthcare systems face various risks, including data breaches, theft, and damage. This is where cybersecurity comes in, as it helps protect sensitive personal and financial data, such as electronic health records. This study delved into the perspectives of clinicians on cybersecurity in healthcare, exploring how it impacts patient safety and the functioning of organizations. The study also identified challenges associated with implementing cybersecurity measures and the risks of not doing so. METHOD: This is a qualitative study in which clinical informaticians from different health science backgrounds were asked to share their opinions using the Delphi technique, with 48 participants engaging in all three rounds. RESULTS: The study highlighted that 96% of participants deemed cybersecurity in healthcare critical for protecting data. Compliance with regulations (91.7%), reduced disruptions (69%), improved patient care (65%), trust (58.3%), and reputation (54%) were additional advantages. However, the study also identified top challenges to cybersecurity implementation, such as time/resource constraints (65%) and disruption to workflows/services (60.4%). Staff resistance, insider threats, and legacy system issues were also anticipated obstacles. Neglecting to implement cybersecurity measures in healthcare could lead to a higher risk of data breaches (96%), financial/legal penalties for hospitals (79%), and concerns about patient safety (65%). CONCLUSION: It is imperative to prioritize cybersecurity in the healthcare industry to mitigate these risks and ensure patient confidence, health system stability, and, ultimately, save lives. A unified approach is required to enforce policies, modify behaviors, and adopt innovative practices to combat cyberattacks effectively.

Utilization and effects of security technologies in mental health: A scoping review.

Violence in healthcare is an urgent and increasing issue. Mental health settings are particularly affected, with severe negative impacts on staff, patients, and organizations. Security technologies could help maintain and improve safety in this field. However, knowledge of their utilization and effectiveness in mental health is lacking. A scoping review was conducted using the methodology recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute to map research on the utilization and effects of security technologies in mental health, identify how research is currently performed, and highlight gaps in the existing knowledge. Literature search for peer-reviewed publications was performed on PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Embase, and Scopus. Following the screening process and the eligibility criteria, 22 articles were included in this review. The publication range was 2002-2020, many studies were surveys, and European countries were the most investigated, especially the United Kingdom. Overall, the use of 10 different technologies was reported 46 times. The most represented category was alarms, followed by video cameras, other technologies (such as wearable sensors), and metal detectors. More than half of the included papers reported positive effects of these measures on safety. This review indicates that several security technologies are available in mental health settings, with encouraging positive safety outcomes for both patients and healthcare professionals, especially nurses. However, research on the topic is still emerging, with a limited number of sources and a few high-quality designed studies. Therefore, future research should focus on producing evidence on the availability and effectiveness of these measures in mental health settings across countries.

Access to medicines through global health diplomacy.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) emphasizes that equitable access to safe and affordable medicines is vital to attaining the highest possible standard of health by all. Ensuring equitable access to medicines (ATM) is also a key narrative of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as SDG 3.8 specifies "access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all" as a central component of universal health coverage (UHC). The SDG 3.b emphasizes the need to develop medicines to address persistent treatment gaps. However, around 2 billion people globally have no access to essential medicines, particularly in lower- and middle-income countries. The states' recognition of health as a human right obligates them to ensure access to timely, acceptable, affordable health care. While ATM is inherent in minimizing the treatment gaps, global health diplomacy (GHD) contributes to addressing these gaps and fulfilling the state's embracement of health as a human right.

Why and how unpredictability is implemented in aviation security - A first qualitative study.

In the past, aviation security regulations have mostly been reactive, responding to terrorist attacks by adding more stringent measures. In combination with the standardization of security control processes, this has resulted in a more predictable system that makes it easier to plan and execute acts of unlawful interference. The implementation of unpredictability, that is, variation of security controls, as a proactive approach could be beneficial for addressing risks coming from outside (terrorist attacks) and inside the system (insider threats). By conducting semi-structured interviews with security experts, this study explored why and how unpredictability is applied at airports. Results show that European airport stakeholders apply unpredictability measures for many reasons: To complement the security system, defeat the opponent, and improve human factor aspects of the security system. Unpredictability is applied at various locations, by different controlling authorities, to different target groups and application forms; nevertheless, the deployment is not evaluated systematically. Results also show how the variation of security controls can contribute to mitigating insider threats, for example, by reducing insider knowledge. Future research should focus on the evaluation of the deterrent effect of unpredictability to further give suggestions on how unpredictable measures should be realized to proactively address upcoming risks.

Acidentes de trabalho com material biológico e medidas protetivas adotadas na COVID-19 / Accidentes laborales con material biológico y medidas de protección adoptadas durante el COVID-19 / Occupational accidents with biological material and protective measures adopted in COVID-19

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho com material biológico e as medidas protetivas adotadas por profissionais de saúde, durante a pandemia por COVID-19, em um complexo hospitalar do sul do Brasil. Métodos Pesquisa descritiva, analítica, exploratória e quantitativa, desenvolvida em um Complexo Hospitalar do Sul do Brasil. Os participantes foram profissionais de saúde (auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem, enfermeiros, fisioterapeutas e médicos), que atuaram em unidades COVID-19. Realizou-se a coleta de dados de maio a agosto de 2021, por meio de um instrumento estruturado para entrevista on-line sobre perfil sócio-ocupacional, histórico laboral e medidas protetivas. A análise ocorreu de forma descritiva e com testes de qui quadrado, exato de Fisher e odds ratio . Resultados De 104 participantes, a média de idade foi 35,8 anos, 84,6% do sexo feminino, 57,7% eram enfermeiros, 38,5% tiveram COVID-19, 5,8% tiveram acidentes de trabalho com material biológico. Sobre as medidas protetivas destaca-se que o uso do protetor facial ou óculos de proteção diminuiu as chances da ocorrência de acidentes. Quanto ao uso de equipamentos de proteção individual em procedimentos geradores de aerossóis, os participantes que fizeram uso na maioria das vezes, ao invés de sempre conforme recomendado, apresentaram risco aumentado para acidente de trabalho com material biológico (p=0,015 OR:7,67 [1,16-50,63]). Conclusão A pesquisa inferiu que houve associação entre a ocorrência dos acidentes e adesão às medidas protetivas. Reforça-se a importância da implementação de medidas que contribuam para a segurança dos profissionais de saúde e minimizem a exposição a riscos e agravos à saúde.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar los casos de accidentes laborales con material biológico y las medidas de protección adoptadas por profesionales de la salud durante la pandemia por COVID-19, en un complejo hospitalario del sur de Brasil. Métodos Investigación descriptiva, analítica, exploratoria y cuantitativa, llevada a cabo en un complejo hospitalario del sur de Brasil. Los participantes fueron profesionales de la salud (auxiliares y técnicos de enfermería, enfermeros, fisioterapeutas y médicos) que trabajaron en unidades de COVID-19. Se realizó la recopilación de datos de mayo a agosto de 2021, por medio de un instrumento estructurado de una encuesta en línea sobre el perfil sociolaboral, historial laboral y medidas de protección. El análisis se llevó a cabo de forma descriptiva y con prueba χ2 de Pearson, prueba exacta de Fisher y odds ratio . Resultados De 104 participantes, el promedio de edad fue 35,8 años, el 84,6 % de sexo femenino, el 57,7 % era enfermero, el 38,5 % tuvo COVID-19, el 5,8 % tuvo accidentes laborales con material biológico. Sobre las medidas de protección, se destaca que el uso del protector facial o anteojos de protección redujo las probabilidades de episodios de accidentes. Respecto al uso de equipos de protección individual en procedimientos generadores de aerosoles, los participantes que los utilizaron la mayoría de las veces, en lugar de siempre como recomendado, presentaron riesgo aumentado de accidente laboral con material biológico (p=0,015 OR:7,67 [1,16-50,63]). Conclusión La investigación infirió que hubo relación entre los casos de accidentes y la adherencia a medidas de protección. Se refuerza la importancia de implementar medidas que contribuyan a la seguridad de los profesionales de la salud y minimicen la exposición al riesgo de agravios de la salud.

Abstract Objective To assess the occurrence of occupational accidents with biological material and the protective measures adopted by health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in a hospital complex in southern Brazil. Methods This is descriptive, analytical, exploratory and quantitative research, developed in a hospital complex in southern Brazil. Participants were health professionals (nursing assistants and technicians, nurses, physiotherapists and physicians) who worked at COVID-19 units. Data were collected from May to August 2021, using a structured instrument for an online interview about the socio-occupational profile, work history and protective measures. Analysis was descriptive, and with chi-square, Fisher's exact and odds ratio tests were used. Results Of 104 participants, the average age was 35.8 years, 84.6% female, 57.7% were nurses, 38.5% had COVID-19, 5.8% had occupational accidents with biological material. Regarding protective measures, it should be noted that the use of a face shield or goggles reduced the chances of accidents. Regarding personal protective equipment use in aerosol-generating procedures, participants who used it most of the time, rather than always as recommended, showed an increased risk of occupational accidents with biological material (p=0.015 OR:7.67 [1.16-50.63]). Conclusion The research inferred that there was an association between the occurrence of accidents and compliance with protective measures. It reinforces the importance of implementing measures that contribute to health professionals' safety and minimize exposure to risks and health problems.

Safety and prevention of sports injuries in popular ice and snow sports / Segurança e prevenção de lesões esportivas em esportes populares no gelo e neve / Seguridad y prevención de lesiones deportivas en los deportes populares de hielo y nieve

ABSTRACT Introduction: Following the development of ice and snow sports tourism projects, the hidden dangers of early extensive construction have gradually emerged. It mainly manifests itself in the sports safety of ice and snow sports tourism projects. Objective: Explore the management strategy of sports safety under the snow and ice sports tourism landscape. Methods: Literature research, interviews, and questionnaires were used to analyze the development in the study area of ice and snow tourism, the tourists themselves, and regional site construction. Finally, the paper analyzes strategies to improve sports safety management in related areas from the landscape manager's point of view. Results: The development of snow and ice sports tourism projects in the study area is satisfactory; however, due to the epidemic's impact, the current situation is relatively low, showing a trend of slow improvement. In terms of sports injury risk, after optimal training and safety management, the proportion of climatic characteristics of the site was 24.81%; the proportion of the population on the ski slopes was 40.92%; the proportion of equipment cleaning and maintenance was 59.23%; the degree of congestion on the ski slopes was 41.30%; the proportion of public safety was 34.42%; the proportion of basic emergency medical treatment was 32.30%; epidemics and other infectious diseases accounted for 83.13% of the total. Follow-up is done before the start, in the process, and after the occurrence of multiple managements. Conclusion: The safety management strategy of snow and ice sports tourism combines the factors of tourists and managers, and has great practical significance, so it is worthy of promotion. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Com o desenvolvimento de projetos de turismo esportivo no gelo e na neve, os perigos ocultos da construção extensiva precoce têm surgido gradualmente. Ele se manifesta principalmente na segurança esportiva de projetos de turismo de esportes de gelo e neve. Objetivo: Explorar a estratégia de gestão da segurança esportiva sob o panorama do turismo esportivo de neve e gelo. Métodos: Pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas e questionários foram usados para analisar o desenvolvimento na área de estudo do turismo de gelo e neve, e dos próprios turistas bem como a construção de locais regionais. Finalmente, do ponto de vista do gerente de paisagens, o trabalho analisa as estratégias para melhorar a gestão da segurança esportiva em áreas relacionadas. Resultados: O desenvolvimento de projetos de turismo esportivo de neve e gelo na área de estudo é satisfatório, porém, devido ao impacto da epidemia, a situação atual é relativamente reduzida, mostrando uma tendência de lenta melhoria. Em termos de risco de lesões esportivas, após treinamento otimizado e gerenciamento da segurança, a proporção de características climáticas do local foi de 24,81%; a proporção de população nas pistas de esqui foi de 40,92%; a proporção de limpeza e manutenção dos equipamentos foi de 59,23%; o grau de congestionamento das pistas de esqui foi de 41,30%; a proporção de segurança pública foi de 34,42%; a proporção de tratamento médico básico de emergência foi de 32,30%; epidemias e outras doenças infecciosas representaram 83,13% do total. O acompanhamento é feito antes do início, no processo, e após a ocorrência de múltiplas gestões. Conclusão: A estratégia de gerenciamento de segurança do turismo esportivo de neve e gelo combina os fatores de turistas e gerentes, e tem grande significado prático, por isso é digna de promoção. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Con el desarrollo de los proyectos turísticos de deportes de hielo y nieve, han ido apareciendo gradualmente los peligros ocultos de la construcción extensiva temprana. Se manifiesta principalmente en la seguridad deportiva de los proyectos turísticos de deportes de hielo y nieve. Objetivo: Explorar la estrategia de gestión de la seguridad deportiva en el marco del paisaje turístico de los deportes de nieve y hielo. Métodos: Se utilizó la investigación bibliográfica, entrevistas y cuestionarios para analizar el desarrollo en la zona de estudio del turismo de hielo y nieve, y a los propios turistas, así como la construcción de emplazamientos regionales. Por último, desde el punto de vista del gestor del paisaje, se analizan estrategias para mejorar la gestión de la seguridad deportiva en ámbitos afines. Resultados: El desarrollo de proyectos de turismo deportivo de nieve y hielo en la zona de estudio es satisfactorio, sin embargo, debido al impacto de la epidemia, la situación actual es relativamente baja, mostrando una tendencia de lenta mejora. En cuanto al riesgo de lesiones deportivas, tras optimizar la formación y la gestión de la seguridad, la proporción de características climáticas del lugar fue del 24,81%; la proporción de población en las pistas de esquí fue del 40,92%; la proporción de limpieza y mantenimiento del equipo fue del 59,23%; el grado de congestión de las pistas de esquí fue del 41,30%; la proporción de seguridad pública fue del 34,42%; la proporción de tratamiento médico básico de urgencia fue del 32,30%; las epidemias y otras enfermedades infecciosas representaron el 83,13% del total. El seguimiento se realiza antes del inicio, en el proceso y después de que se produzcan múltiples gestiones. Conclusión: La estrategia de gestión de la seguridad del turismo deportivo de nieve y hielo combina los factores de los turistas y los gestores, y tiene una gran importancia práctica, por lo que merece ser promovida. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

[Security protocols adapted to COVID-19 in elective surgery thru 2021]. / Protocolos de seguridad adaptados a COVID-19 en cirugía electiva durante 2021.

Background: Medical personnel are among the populations with the most infections and morbidity and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. Objective: To evaluate patient and health personnel safety in anesthetic procedures of elective surgeries during COVID-19 pandemic in a 3rd level care Hospital in Puebla, Mexico. Material and methods: Descriptive, prospective, analytical study in a 3rd level care unit of the Mexican Social Security Institute in Puebla, Mexico. Elective surgeries from all shifts and any specialty, whose staff signed informed consent, were included. The modified surgical safety checklist for COVID 19, from the World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists, was applied. Results: 170 surgeries were evaluated, the predominant specialties were oncosurgery (39.41%), urology (25.29%) and general surgery (14.71%). The most used anesthetic technique was general anesthesia (47.05%); 10.12% accomplished safe intubation/extubation protocols, presence of essential personnel in 6.34%. The use of personal protective equipment decreased during the stages of the pandemic, the use of face masks by medical personnel/patients is the most frequent (100%). Conclusions: Security measures have decreased. Adequate security protocols must be continued to avoid new infections. Basic protection measures, the use of personal protective equipment and other protection strategies must persist.

Introducción: el personal médico ha sido de las poblaciones con mayor número de contagios y morbimortalidad durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en todo el mundo. Objetivo: evaluar la seguridad del paciente y del personal de salud en procedimientos anestésicos de cirugías electivas en tiempos de COVID-19 en un hospital de tercer nivel de atención en Puebla, México. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, analítico, en una unidad de tercer nivel de atención del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en Puebla, México. Se incluyeron cirugías electivas de todos los turnos y de cualquier especialidad, cuyo personal firmó consentimiento informado. Se aplicó la lista de verificación de seguridad quirúrgica modificada para COVID-19 de la Federación Mundial de Sociedades de Anestesiólogos. Resultados: se evaluaron 170 cirugías, las especialidades predominantes fueron Oncocirugía (39.41%), Urología (25.29%) y Cirugía general (14.71%). La técnica anestésica más utilizada fue la anestesia general (47.05%); el 10.12% cumplió con los protocolos de intubación/extubación segura, mientras que la presencia de personal esencial se cumplió en el 6.34%. El uso de equipo de protección personal disminuyó durante las etapas de la pandemia, el uso de cubrebocas por personal médico/pacientes es el más frecuente (100%). Conclusiones: las medidas de seguridad han disminuido. Se debe continuar con los protocolos de seguridad adecuados para evitar contagios nuevos. Las medidas de protección básicas, el uso de equipo de protección personal y demás estrategias de protección deben persistir.

Social Security Measures of Reproductive Health Among Adolescents in India: A Narrative Review.

Adolescence is one of life's most complex stages, associated with unique reproductive health requirements. Adolescents have individual sexual and reproductive health requirements (whether or not they are sexually active or married). Young and developing children have limited knowledge and awareness of the biological changes that occur through adolescence and the illnesses that affect them. We aim to discuss adolescent problems related to reproductive health, estimate the social security measures and associated factors among adolescents, and find why healthcare services are gravely limited in terms of accessibility and availability. This paper was based on previously available data through multiple sources and literature searches on PubMed, Research Gate, Sci-Hub, and Google Scholar. Adolescent health programs are currently fragmented, with no comprehensive program addressing all of the needs of adolescents. The major barriers are a lack of reliable information, a lack of proper guidance, parental ignorance, a lack of skills, and inadequate services from the healthcare system. We need a multidimensional approach that addresses all young adults' health issues, focusing on reproductive health, social security, mental well-being, and interventions involving communication toward a healthy lifestyle.

Medidas de segurança do paciente em unidades de terapia intensiva / Patient safety measures in intensive care units / Medidas de seguridad del paciente en unidades de atención intensiva

Objetivo: Identificar as medidas de segurança do paciente utilizadas em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, a partir de estudos primários publicados em bases de dados. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas seguintes fontes de dados: BVS, SCIELO, SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, CINAHL. A amostra final foi constituída por 97 artigos. Resultados: Identificaram-se categorias temáticas com medidas de segurança do paciente, a saber: melhorar a comunicação entre os profissionais de saúde; melhorar a segurança na prescrição, no uso e na administração de medicamentos; reduzir o risco de quedas e lesões por pressão; higienizar as mãos para evitar infecções; identificar corretamente o paciente; e outras medidas utilizadas para promover a segurança do paciente. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o trabalho em equipe, cuidados na prescrição/administração de medicações, medidas de prevenção de lesão por pressão e higienização das mãos foram as variáveis mais frequentes na amostra, sendo intervenções importantes para promover a segurança do paciente, sobretudo em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. (AU)

Objective: Identify patient safety measures used in Intensive Care Units, based on primary studies published in databases. Methods: This is an integrative review carried out on the following data sources: VHL, SCIELO, SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, CINAHL. The final sample consisted of 97 articles. Results: Thematic categories with patient safety measures were identified, namely: improve communication between health professionals; improve safety in the prescription, use and administration of medications; reduce the risk of falls and pressure injuries; sanitize your hands to avoid infections; correctly identify the patient; and other measures used to promote patient safety. Conclusion: It is concluded that teamwork, care in the prescription/administration of medications, measures to prevent pressure injuries and hand hygiene were the most frequent variables in the sample, being important interventions to promote patient safety, especially in Intensive Care Units. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar las medidas de seguridad del paciente utilizadas en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, en base a estudios primarios publicados en bases de datos. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora realizada sobre las siguientes fuentes de datos: VHL, SCIELO, SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, CINAHL. La muestra final estuvo formada por 97 artículos. Resultados: Se identificaron categorías temáticas con medidas de seguridad del paciente, a saber: mejorar la comunicación entre los profesionales de la salud; mejorar la seguridad en la prescripción, uso y administración de medicamentos; reducir el riesgo de caídas y lesiones por presión; higienice sus manos para evitar infecciones; identificar correctamente al paciente; y otras medidas utilizadas para promover la seguridad del paciente. Conclusión: Se concluye que el trabajo en equipo, el cuidado en la prescripción/ administración de medicamentos, las medidas para prevenir las lesiones por presión y la higiene de manos fueron las variables más frecuentes en la muestra, siendo intervenciones importantes para promover la seguridad del paciente, especialmente en las Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. (AU)

Biossegurança e protocolos em centro de material e esterilização durante pandemia da COVID-19 / Bioseguridad y protocolos en el centro de material y esterilización ante la pandemia del COVID-19 / Biosecurity and protocols at the material and sterilization center in the COVID-19 pandemic

OBJETIVO: Identificar métodos de biossegurança e protocolos utilizados no Centro de Material e Esterilização, durante a pandemia da COVID-19. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, observacional, descritivo e analítico, de abordagem quantitativa. O local foi o Centro de Material e Esterilização de hospital universitário do norte do Brasil, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu mediante entrevista com equipe de enfermagem do setor. A análise foi realizada e as variáveis foram descritas pelo cálculo de frequência absoluta e média. RESULTADOS: Os participantes relataram a implantação de protocolos de biossegurança atualizados no setor durante a pandemia. Entre os entrevistados, 26,1% relataram não ter participado de treinamentos acerca do protocolo; 69,7% citaram a realização de capacitações acerca de paramentação e manuseio de materiais, reforço de orientações, através de reuniões e folders. CONCLUSÃO: Houve implantação de protocolo institucional no Centro de Material e Esterilização do hospital, abrangendo a segurança do profissional durante a pandemia da COVID-19.(AU)

OBJECTIVE: To identify biosafety methods and protocols used in the Material and Sterilization Center, during the pandemic of COVID-19. METHODS: Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive and analytical study with a quantitative approach. The site was the Material and Sterilization Center of a university hospital in northern Brazil. Data collection occurred through interviews with the nursing staff of the sector. The analysis was performed and the variables were described by calculating the absolute frequency and the mean. RESULTS: The participants reported the implementation of updated biosafety protocols in the sector during the pandemic. Among the interviewees, 26.1% reported not having participated in training about the protocol; 69.7% cited the carrying out of training about paramentation and handling of materials, reinforcement of orientations, through meetings and folders. CONCLUSION: An institutional protocol was implemented in the Material and Sterilization Center of the hospital, covering the professional's safety during the pandemic of COVID-19.(AU)

OBJETIVO: Identificar los métodos y protocolos de bioseguridad utilizados en el Centro de Material y Esterilización, durante la pandemia de COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, observacional, descriptivo y analítico, con un enfoque cuantitativo. El lugar fue el Centro de Material y Esterilización de un hospital universitario del norte de Brasil, cuya recolección de datos ocurrió a través de entrevistas con el personal de enfermería del sector. Se realizó el análisis y se describieron las variables calculando la frecuencia absoluta y la media. RESULTADOS: Los participantes informaron de la aplicación de protocolos de bioseguridad actualizados en el sector durante la pandemia. Entre los entrevistados, el 26,1% informó de no haber participado en la formación sobre el protocolo; el 69,7% mencionó la realización de formación sobre paramentación y manejo de materiales, refuerzo de orientaciones a través de reuniones y carpetas. CONCLUSIÓN: Se implementó un protocolo institucional en el Centro de Material y Esterilización del hospital, cubriendo la seguridad profesional durante la pandemia de COVID-19.(AU)

Tranca ou tratamento: a aplicação da medida de segurança no contexto da saúde mental / Locked up or treatment: security measures enforcement in the context of mental health

O artigo debate o gerenciamento das medidas de segurança, analisando as legislações brasileiras e as políticas públicas de saúde mental correspondentes à temática, implantadas a partir de tentativas de superação de paradigmas positivistas prevalentes no judiciário brasileiro. Trata-se de garantir o tratamento ambulatorial, independente da motivação da custódia no contexto de interface entre saúde mental e segurança pública para prevalecer a Lei 10.216/2001, em detrimento do Código Penal, retrógrado, pautado na custódia e na punição, e não no tratamento nos dispositivos de saúde mental no território. O panorama dos Estabelecimentos de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico (ECTPs) e as inovações práticas produzidas a partir da parceria entre os campos da saúde mental e do direito no país são analisadas nas suas contribuições à produção de novas políticas públicas. Conclui-se que, apesar dos investimentos pontuais em programas especializados, também apresentados neste artigo, ainda é incerto o término da internação compulsória em ECTP, em prol do encaminhamento urgente e direto dos sujeitos portadores de transtorno mental em conflito com a lei aos dispositivos da rede de atenção psicossocial no país.

This article discusses the custodial sentence management by analyzing Brazilian law and the mental health public policies concerning this topic that were adopted from initiatives that have tried do overcome prevalent positivistic paradigms in the Brazilian judiciary. This paper advocates that the outpatient treatment should be maintained considering the interface between Mental Health and Public Security, regardless of the reasons for the custody, as such, it would meet Brazilian law 10.216/2001 guidance towards treatment in psicossocial devices over custody and punishment-oriented Brazilian penal code. The custodial and treatment institutions (CTIs) and the practical innovations created as a result of a partnership between both Brazilian Mental Health and Law fields of knowledge are investigated by observing their contributions for new public policies production. Despite scarce investments in specialized programs, it concludes that the end of the CTIs compulsory hospitalization is yet uncertain. It advocates urgent addressing of mental health patients in conflict with the law to Brazilian alternative psychosocial devices.

El tratamiento de las personas con problemas de salud mental en la normativa penal y penitenciaria. Reflexiones y propuestas / The treatment of people with mental health problems in criminal and penitentiary regulations. Reflections and proposals

El presente trabajo analiza el tratamiento que la normativa penal y penitenciaria española ofrece a las personas con problemas de salud mental (o con discapacidad psicosocial) que son acusadas de un delito y entran en contacto con el medio penitenciario. El análisis revela que este colectivo es víctima de una discriminación y un maltrato institucional cuya erradicación exige cambios relevantes en la legislación, las políticas públicas y la mentalidad social, a la luz de la Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad. Estos cambios se orientan a cuatro objetivos básicos: 1) evitar situaciones de desatención que aboquen a las personas con problemas de salud mental a entrar en el ciclo delictivo; 2) potenciar su desviación del medio penitenciario hacia respuestas más resocializadoras; 3) garantizar que quienes entren en prisión puedan ejercer sus derechos en igualdad de condiciones que todas las personas internas; 4) erradicar prejuicios y estereotipos promoviendo la formación de profesionales y la toma de conciencia por parte de la sociedad de la situación de desventaja de este colectivo. (AU)

This paper analyzes the treatment that Spanish penal and penitentiary regulations offer to people with mental health problems (or with psychosocial disabilities) who are accused of a crime and come into contact with the penitentiary environment. The analysis reveals that this group is the victim of discrimination and institutional abuse, whose eradication requires significant changes in legislation, public policies and social mentality, in the light of the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. These changes are aimed at four basic objectives: 1) to avoid situations of neglect that lead people with mental health problems to enter the criminal cycle; 2) to enhance their diversion from the prison environment towards more resocializing responses; 3) to ensure that those who have to enter prison can exercise their rights on an equal basis with other inmates; 4) to eradicate prejudices and stereotypes by promoting the training of professionals and raising the awareness of society regarding the situation of disadvantage in this group. (AU)

Problemas y dilemas en torno aluso de biotecnologías (y de lastecnologías convergentes) para elcontrol de la peligrosidad criminal / Problems and dilemmas surrounding the use of biotechnologies (and converging technologies) in order to control criminal dangerousness

En el presente trabajo se analizan los problemas de compatibilidad con los principios que inspiran nuestro sistema normativo y bioético que genera la posible aplicación de algunas tecnologías (biotecnologías, tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación y, en definitiva, las tecnologías convergentes) como parte del tratamiento penal, en el marco del derecho de medidas de seguridad, para controlar la peligrosidad criminal de ciertas clases de delincuentes. De forma particular, se analizan cuatro posibles tecnologías: a) El control telemático, haciendo una especial referencia a la posibilidad de ejecutarlo por medio de la implantación subcutánea de los dispositivos de localización (por medio de GPS o tecnologías de similar naturaleza). b) Los registros on line de delincuentes peligrosos en la era de la protección de los datos. c) Los tratamientos de regulación hormonales como parte de la medida de libertad vigilada. d) Las intervenciones (invasivas o no) en el cerebro como herramienta para la “mejora moral”. El análisis individualizado de cada una de estas tecnologías nos lleva, en algunas ocasiones y bajo ciertas circunstancias, a afirmar la viabilidad jurídica del uso de dichas herramientas; mientras que, en otras ocasiones, nos lleva a rechazar su uso con rotundidad.(AU)

This paper analyzes the problems of compatibility with the principles that inspire our legal and bioethical system generated by the possible application of some technologies (biotechnologies, information and communication technologies and, in short, converging technologies) as part of criminal treatment, within the framework of the law of security measures, to control the criminal dangerousness of certain classes of offenders. In particular, four possible technologies are analyzed: a) Telematic control, with special reference to the possibility of implementing it by means of subcutaneous implantation of localization devices (by means of GPS or similar technologies). b) Online records of dangerous offenders in the era of data protection. c) Hormonal regulation treatments as part of probation measures. d) Interventions (invasive or not) in the brain as a tool for “moral enhancement”. The individualized analysis of each of these technologies leads us, on some occasions and under certain circumstances, to affirm the legal viability of the use of such tools; while, on other occasions, it leads us to reject their use outright.(AU)

Does nationality affect nurses' information security participation? A comparative study in Iran and Poland.

BACKGROUND: Confidential personal data breaches are a serious problem for medical service providers. They may result in high financial costs for medical care facilities and unnecessary stress for patients. Research on information security (IS) in healthcare has been insufficient thus far. International studies may add a new perspective on this issue. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE: A quantitative approach was assumed to analyse relationships between IS climate and IS indicators in countries with different cultures (Iran and Poland). The Information Security Climate Index was used in the study. The software PLS3 and SPSS 22 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that the predicted factors of nurses' IS participation were different in Iran and Poland. In both countries, nurses' perception of the importance of IS had an effect on IS participation, but in Poland, IS compliance had an additional positive effect. In addition, IS compliance moderated the relationship between IS motivation and IS participation. CONCLUSIONS: Components of IS climate have a significant effect on nurses' IS participation in both Iran and Poland, though nationality can modify this relation. However, in both countries, by linking IS policies with human resource management activities such as performance appraisal and training, nurses' perception of IS importance can be increased and IS participation can be facilitated.