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1.
Acta bioeth ; 30(1)jun. 2024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1556627

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the implementation effect of serious illness medical insurance in Guang Xi Zhuang Autonomous Region of western China. Study design: Through the collection of 2017-2021 Guang Xi serious illness medical insurance specific policy making such as fund usage, serious illness compensation, medical expenses data, and data analysis of a serious illness medical insurance effect. Method: Literature research, Policy text analysis, quantitative data collection method, using Excel and SPSS 19.0 data descriptive statistical analysis and comparative analysis. Results: Serious illness medical insurance has had some effect, e.g., from 2017 to 2021, the utilization rate of serious illness medical insurance fund in Guang Xi was 109.49% and 103.87% respectively, the fund balance rate was -9.45% and -8.54% respectively, and the accumulated balance was -2.3871 million CNY and -70.7955 million CNY. Conclusion: The serious illness medical insurance has reduced the burden of large medical expenses of patients to a certain extent, but the fund is under too much pressure, and there is a payment deficit. The coverage and security of serious illness medical insurance need to be expanded and strengthened, and the cooperation mechanism with commercial insurance institutions should be gradually explored to improve the serious illness medical insurance.


Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la implementación de seguros médicos para enfermedades graves en la Región Autónoma Guang Xi Zhuang, al oeste de China. Diseño del estudio: a través de la recopilación de pólizas de seguro médico específicas para enfermedades graves de la región de Guang Xi entre 2017-2021, como por ejemplo: uso de fondos, compensación por enfermedades graves, datos de gastos médicos y análisis de datos del efecto de seguros médicos para enfermedades graves. Método: investigación de literatura, análisis de textos de políticas públicas, metodología de recolección de datos cuantitativos utilizando Excel y SPSS 19.0, análisis estadístico descriptivo de datos y análisis comparativo. Resultados: el seguro médico para enfermedades graves ha demostrado tener efectos, tales como: entre 2017 y 2021, la tasa de utilización de fondos de seguros médicos para enfermedades graves en Guang Xi fue de 109,49 % y 103,87 % respectivamente, las tasas de saldo del fondo fue de -9,45 % y -8,54 % respectivamente y el saldo acumulado fue de -2,3871 millones de CNY y -70,7955 millones de CNY. Conclusión: El seguro médico para enfermedades graves ha reducido en cierta medida la carga de los grandes gastos médicos de los pacientes, pero al existir un déficit de pagos está bajo demasiada presión. Por ello, es necesario ampliar y fortalecer la cobertura y seguridad del seguro médico para enfermedades graves, y explorar gradualmente mecanismos de cooperación con instituciones de seguros comerciales.


Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da implementação de seguro médico para doenças graves na Região Autônoma de Guang Xi Zhuang da China Ocidental. Desenho do Estudo: Através da coleta de políticas específicas de seguro médico para doenças graves de Guang Xi 2017-2021, uso de fundos, compensação por doenças graves, dados de despesas médicas e análise de dados de um efeito de seguro médico para doenças graves. Método: Pesquisa na literatura, análise do texto da política, método de coleta de dados quantitativos usando Excel e SPSS 19.0, análise estatística descritiva de dados e análise comparativa. Resultados: Seguro médico de doenças graves teve um certo efeito. Em 2017 e 2021, a taxa de utilização do fundo de seguro médico para doenças graves em Guang Xi foi 109,49% e 103,87% respectivamente, a taxa de saldo do fundo foi -9,45% e -8,54% respectivamente e o saldo acumulado foi -2,3871 milhões de yuans e -70,7955 milhões de yuans. Conclusão: O seguro médico para doenças graves reduziu o ônus de grandes despesas médicas dos pacientes até certo ponto mas o fundo está sob demasiada pressão e há um déficit de pagamentos. A cobertura e segurança do seguro médico de doenças graves necessitam ser expandidas e fortalecidas, e o mecanismo de cooperação com instituições de seguros comerciais deve ser gradualmente explorado para melhorar o seguro médico para doenças graves.

2.
Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander, Salud ; 54(1): e333, Enero 2, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407032

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Breastfeeding decreases morbidity, mortality and promotes health in the mother and child. The lower morbidity in relative terms in breastfed versus non-breastfed infants reduces healthcare costs. In Colombia, the duration of breastfeeding is far from desirable times and continues to decline. Objectives: The objectives were (a) to determine economic inequality based on poverty at the ecological level during exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and total breastfeeding (BF) and (b) to establish the social determinants of EBF and BF using the territory as a unit of analysis. Method: An ecological study was conducted based on data collected in the National Survey of the Nutritional Situation of 2010 in Colombia regarding the median duration of exclusive breastfeeding and total breastfeeding. The data was summarized in 24 departments or geodemographic units that represent the Colombian territory (n=24). Fourteen variables representing the economic, social, human and structural development levels in the territory were related by linear regression to explain the duration of EBF and BF. Results: EBF lasted 1.18 months (95% CI: 1.00 to 1.36), and BF lasted 14.79 months (95% CI: 13.50 to 16.08). Economic inequality was low, and the Gini coefficient was 0.35 for EBF and 0.10 for BF. The EBF duration is affected by the gender empowerment measure (GEM) (β =-1.94, p=0.006) and medical coverage (%) (β =-0.02, p=0.060). The BF duration is explained by the monetary poverty (β =0.12, p=0.007) GEM (β =-9.94, p=0.033) and female abuse rate x 100,000 (β =0.01, p=0.005). Conclusions: The impact of social and human development is greater than the economic aspect as a determinant of EBF and BF duration in Colombia. Exclusive and total breastfeeding are phenomena explained differently.


Resumen Introducción: La lactancia materna disminuye la morbilidad, la mortalidad y promueve la salud de la madre y del niño. La menor morbilidad en términos relativos en los niños amamantados frente a los no amamantados reduce los costes sanitarios. En Colombia, la duración de la lactancia materna está lejos de los tiempos deseables y sigue disminuyendo. Objetivos: Los objetivos fueron (a) determinar la desigualdad económica basada en la pobreza a nivel ecológico durante la lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) y la lactancia materna total (LMT) y (b) establecer los determinantes sociales de la LME y la LMT utilizando el territorio como unidad de análisis. Método: Se realizó un estudio ecológico a partir de los datos recogidos en la Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional de 2010 en Colombia sobre la mediana de duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva y la lactancia materna total. Los datos se resumieron en 24 departamentos o unidades geo demográficas que representan el territorio colombiano (n=24). Catorce variables que representan los niveles de desarrollo económico, social, humano y estructural del territorio se relacionaron mediante regresión lineal para explicar la duración de la LME y la LMT. Resultados: La LME tuvo una duración de 1,18 meses (IC 95 %: 1,00 a 1,36), y la LMT tuvo una duración de 14,79 meses (IC 95 %: 13,50 a 16,08). La desigualdad económica fue baja, y el coeficiente de Gini fue de 0,35 para la LME y de 0,10 para la LMT. La duración de la LME se ve afectada por la medida de empoderamiento de género (GEM) (β =-1,94, p=0,006) y la cobertura médica (%) (β=-0,02, p=0,060). La duración de la LMT se explica por la pobreza monetaria (β =0,12, p=0,007) GEM (β =-9,94, p=0,033) y la tasa de maltrato femenino x 100 000 (β =0,01, p=0,005). Conclusiones: En Colombia el impacto del desarrollo social y humano es mayor que el aspecto económico como determinante de la LME y de la duración de la LMT. La lactancia materna exclusiva y total son fenómenos que se explican de manera diferente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Socioeconomic Factors , Breast Feeding , Health , Colombia , Domestic Violence , Employment , Social Determinants of Health , Insurance
3.
Salud pública Méx ; 63(4): 565-574, jul.-ago. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432290

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Estudiar las transiciones de la discapacidad de acuerdo con la afiliación a servicios de salud en adultos mayores de 50 años en México, así como el conjunto de variables socioeconómicas y de salud asociadas. Material y métodos: La información proviene de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento en México (Enasem-encuesta). Se ajustaron 20 modelos de regresión para las transiciones de la discapacidad medida a través de actividades básicas de la vida diaria en el periodo 2012-15, usando variables socioeconómicas y de salud. Resultados: Los afiliados al Seguro Popular tuvieron la mayor frecuencia de transición hacia la discapacidad con 13.26%. La afiliación a instituciones de salud no tuvo relación con ninguna de las cuatro transiciones estudiadas. Las enfermedades asociadas con el desarrollo de discapacidad varían de acuerdo con la afiliación. Conclusiones: Los factores socioeconómicos y de salud asociados con las transiciones de la discapacidad son diferentes entre afiliaciones.


Abstract: Objective: To study the transitions of disability according to health insurance in the population of adults over 50 in Mexico, as well as the set of socioeconomic and health variables associated with these transitions. Materials and methods: Data comes from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Twenty regression models were fitted for the transitions of disability measured through activities of daily living in the period 2012-15, using socioeconomic and health as explanatory variables. Results: Enrollees with Seguro Popular had the highest frequency of transition to disability with 13.26%. Health insurance was not found to be related to any of the four transitions studied. Diseases associated with the development of disability vary according to health insurance. Conclusions: The socioeconomic and health factors associated with disability transitions are different between health insurance enrolees.

4.
Gac Sanit ; 34(4): 370-376, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30704817

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: China launched an innovative program of catastrophic medical insurance (CMI) to protect households from catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and impoverishment. This article assesses the effect of CMI on relieving CHE and impoverishment from catastrophic illnesses in urban and rural China. METHOD: In total, 8378 cases are included in the analysis. We employed descriptive statistical analysis to compare the incidence and intensity of CHE at five health expenditure levels, from 1 June 2014 to 31 May 2015. To illustrate the different protection of the policy, we analyzed the data in two lines, the covered medical expenses and the total medical expenses. RESULTS: CMI drop down CHE incidence from 4.8% to 0.1% and the mean catastrophic payment gap from 7.9% to zero when only considering covered medical expenses. CMI drop down CHE incidence from 15.5% to 7.9% and the mean catastrophic payment gap from 31.2% to 14.7% when considering total medical expenses. If CMI reimburse uncovered medical expenses at 30%, the mean catastrophic payment gap could be 7.9% and insured person's annual premium will increase US$2.19. CONCLUSIONS: China CMI perfectly meet the pursued policy objectives when only considering the covered medical expenses. However, when considering the total medical expenses, the CMI is only partially effective in protecting households from CHE. The considerable gap is the result of the limitation of CMI list.


Subject(s)
Health Expenditures , Insurance , Catastrophic Illness , China , Family Characteristics , Humans , Insurance, Health
5.
Aten Primaria ; 47(1): 32-7, 2015 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25241354

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the proportion of population potentially excluded from healthcare coverage since the Royal Decree-Law 16/2012. To describe the use of health services, the distribution of chronic and infectious diseases, and the pharmaceutical costs in 2012 of the persons potentially excluded compared to the those who maintain their coverage. DESIGN AND SETTING: An observational analytical cross-sectional study was designed and conducted on a Primary Care based population in the Central Catalonia Management Area of the Institut Català de la Salut PARTICIPANTS AND MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Individuals potentially excluded since the application of the Royal Decree-Law 16/2012 were selected and compared with individuals who maintained their healthcare coverage, randomly matched by sex, age and Primary Care service. The information obtained included the use of health services, the distribution of chronic and infectious diseases, and the pharmaceutical costs during the year 2012. RESULTS: A total of 1,699 individuals were identified as potentially excluded from healthcare coverage, 0.53% of the total of population (51.4% men), with a median of age of 34years (interquartile range, 28-43). The use of healthcare services, the chronic morbidity recorded, and the pharmaceutical costs during the year 2012 of the excluded individuals was lower than those of the non-excluded ones (P<.001). On the other hand, the infectious morbidity was higher in the excluded individuals (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study suggests that this legislative measure does not seem to be justified for medical or economic reasons. It could also cause public health problems and contribute to the risk of social fracture.


Subject(s)
Health Services/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Services/supply & distribution , Medically Uninsured/legislation & jurisprudence , Medically Uninsured/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Spain
6.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 70(6): 441-445, nov.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-709215

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Por solicitud del programa Seguro Médico para una Nueva Generación, se evaluó la calidad de atención brindada a neonatos con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria (SDR) en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN) financiadas por ellos. Métodos. Se evaluaron 22 UCIN con 19 índices de "estructura", 23 de "personal médico" y 37 de "procesos". El "resultado" se determinó con base en la mortalidad por SDR. Los índices fueron validados y, con la métrica tipo Likert o una dicotómica, se asignaron categorías ( buena , entre 85 y 100 puntos; regular , entre 60 y 84; y mala <59 puntos). El SDR, como padecimiento trazador, se evaluó desde el nacimiento del neonato en la UCIN de nivel I o II, durante su transportación y hasta su estancia en el nivel III. Resultados. En la categoría de mala para el índice de "estructura" destacaron 11 UCIN sin gasómetro y 8 sin la disponibilidad de medicamentos indispensables. Para el índice de "personal médico", de las 22 UCIN los médicos no leyeron algún artículo sobre neonatología en el último mes, y en 17 UCIN no utilizaron en su práctica diaria la Medicina Basada en Evidencias. En los "procesos", 13 UCIN nivel I o II no administraron a los neonatos el surfactante, en 9 no realizaron gasometría arterial, en 12 no acompañaron los médicos al neonato durante la trasportación, y en varias los neonatos llegaron a las unidades de nivel III con hipotermia. En estas últimas, hubo en la categoría de mala varios índices relacionados con la administración del surfactante, y en cuanto a la mortalidad, fue más elevada a menor puntaje total de los índices. Conclusiones. La calidad fue categoría mala o regular en numerosas UCIN, desde el sitio de nacimiento, durante la transportación y durante su estancia en las UCIN nivel III.


Background. At the request of the program "Medical Insurance for a New Generation in Mexico" (SMNG), we evaluated the quality of care provided to infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) financed by SMNG. Methods. There were 22 NICUs that were evaluated, with 19 structural indexes, 23 medical staff personnel, and 37 processes and outcomes measured by the mortality of RDS. The indexes were validated and qualified with the Likert metric or dichotomous scale. The average score of the qualifications were categorized as: "good" between 85 and 100 points, "average" between 60 and 84 points and "poor" <59 points. RDS as a tracer condition was evaluated from the birth of the newborn in level I or II NICU, during transportation and during hospital stay at level III. Results. Below are some indexes in the "poor" categories in the following components: structure, 11 without gasometer in the NICU and eight in the supply of essential drugs. For medical staff, in 22 NICUs the staff had not read a medical article during the last month, and 17 staff members do not use evidence-based medicine. According to processes, 13 NICU (level I or II) did not administer surfactant to infants, in nine NICU they did not perform blood gas analysis, 12 physicians did not accompany the neonate during transport and several infants arrived at level III NICU with hypothermia. The latter were categorized as "poor" according to several aspects related to the administration of surfactant and in terms of mortality as the result component was higher at lower total score indexes. Conclusions. The quality of care was poor or average in many NICUs, from the time of birth, during transportation and during the newborn's stay in Level III NICU.

7.
Salud pública Méx ; 55(supl.4): s468-s476, 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-720598

ABSTRACT

Objective. To estimate reimbursement rate differences between Mexico and US based physicians reimbursed by a binational health insurance (BHI) plan and US payers, respectively; and show the relationship between plan benefit designs and health care utilization in Mexico. Materials and methods. Data include 33 841 and 53 909 HMO enrollees in California from Sistemas Médicos Nacionales (SIMNSA) and Salud con Health Net, respectively. We use descriptive statistical methods. Results. SIMNSA's physician reimbursement rates averaged 50.7% (95% CI: 34.5%-67.0%) of Medi-Cal's, 28.3% (95% CI: 19.6%-37.0%) of Medicare's, and 22% of US private plans'. Each year, 99.4% of SIMNSA enrollees but only 0.1% of Salud con Health Net enrollees obtained care in Mexico. Conclusion. SIMNSA only covers emergency and urgent care in the US, while Salud con Health Net covers comprehensive care with higher patient cost sharing than in Mexico. To realize potential savings, plans need strong incentives to increase utilization in Mexico.


Objetivo. Estimar diferencias en tasas de reembolso y utilización de servicios médicos cubiertos por seguros binacionales de salud (SBS) y aquellos de planes públicos y privados de EUA. Material y métodos. Con métodos estadísticos descriptivos se analizan datos de 33 841 afiliados a Sistemas Médicos Nacionales (SIMNSA) y 53 909 de Salud con Health Net en California. Resultados. Las tasas de reembolso de SIMNSA son en promedio 50.7% (95% IC: 34.5%-67.0%) de aquellas de Medi-Cal, 28.3% (95% IC: 19.6%-37.0%) de Medicare, y 22% de los planes privados de EUA. Cada año, 99.4% de afiliados a SIMNSA, pero sólo 0.1% de Salud con Health Net obtienen atención en México. Conclusión. SIMNSA sólo cubre gastos de emergencia y atención urgente en EUA, mientras que Salud con Health Net cubre servicios de atención integrales. Los planes de SBS pueden lograr ahorros importantes con más incentivos para que la atención ocurra en México.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Emigration and Immigration , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , Public Policy , California , Insurance, Health, Reimbursement , Mexico/ethnology
8.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 69(6): 442-449, nov.-dic. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-701170

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El enfoque del programa Seguro Médico para una Nueva Generación (SMNG) es brindar protección social y financiera gratuita para aquellas familias que carecen de un sistema de aseguramiento médico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar nichos de oportunidad en el programa SMNG de México, para mejorar la atención médica de los niños financiados por este seguro. Métodos. Se calcularon y analizaron nueve indicadores de desempeño descritos en las reglas de operación del SMNG y se realizó una revisión documental conforme a lo normado por el Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social. Resultados. Tres indicadores de desempeño fueron deficientes. La revisión documental reveló algunas fallas en la calidad del llenado de la base de datos de 6,440 niños de 128 hospitales acreditados. De ellos, solamente 51.9% ingresaron en las primeras 24 horas de vida. La mortalidad global fue de 4.43%, con diferencias por entidades federativas de 0 a 18.8%, predominando hipoxia intrauterina, enterocolitis necrotizante y hernia diafragmática. De 108 enfermedades, 41 representaron 90.9% de los niños atendidos. Conclusiones. Se recomienda mejorar la eficiencia de tres de los indicadores de desempeño. Con respecto a la revisión documental, se requiere ampliar la información y la calidad de los datos clínicos consignados en la base de datos, promover un ingreso más oportuno de los niños al hospital y analizar las diferencias en la mortalidad entre las entidades federativas.


Background. The focus of the program "Medical Insurance for a New Generation" (SMNG) is to offersocial and economic protection and to eliminate costs for those families who lack medical insurance coverage. The objective was to identify niches of opportunity in the program to improve health care for children funded by the SMNG. Methods. With information provided by the SMNG, nine "performance indicators" were calculated and described in the rules of operation of the SMNG and a "documentary review" was carried out in accordance with the National Council of Social Development Policy Evaluation. Results. Three of the "performance indicators" were poor. The "documentary review" revealed some faults in the quality of completing the database of 6,440 children and 128 accredited hospitals. Of these, only 51.9% were admitted in the first 24 h of birth. Overall mortality was 4.43%, with differences according to federal entities from 0.0% to 18.8%. There was a predominance of intrauterine hypoxia, necrotizing enterocolitis and diaphragmatic hernia. From 108 diseases, 41 represented 90.9% of all children admitted. Conclusions. It is necessary to improve the efficiency of three of the "performance indicators:" in regard to the "documentary review" it will be required to expand information and the quality of the clinical information contained in the database; promote more timely admission of children to the hospital; and analyze mortality differences among the federal entities.

9.
Rev. cientif. cienc. med ; 12(1): 7-9, 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-737937

ABSTRACT

En Bolivia un 7% de la población es Adulta Mayor (AM), de los cuales el 61% vive en la pobreza; por ello se promulgó la ley 1889 que pone en vigencia el Seguro Medico Gratuito de Vejez (SMGV), sin embargo la Caja Nacional de Salud (CNS) soporta el 88% de los afiliados al SMGV, por lo cual está actualmente colapsada por la demanda de servicios, con la consecuente pérdida de calidad y calidez en la atención del AM. Por lo tanto desarrollamos el presente estudio de tipo transversal, descriptivo con el propósito de determinar la percepción del Adulto Mayor sobre la calidad de atención y la relación médico paciente dentro del marco de las prestaciones del SMGV. Analizamos 170 muestras, 114 en la CNS policlínico Anexo 32 y 56 en la CNS Quillacollo. Observamos que la percepción sobre la calidad de Atención del SMGV en la CNS es buena en 51% de los casos, 27% la catalogan como regular a mala y el 22% como pésima. Referente a la relación médico paciente tenemos que 68% de los pacientes están de acuerdo con el trato que se les brinda en el SMGV. Se concluye con este estudio que el nivel de trato y calidad de atención al paciente AM, nos falta aun mucho por avanzar, un trato cordial o solo un apretón de manos serian un buen comienzo para un tratamiento mejor del adulto mayor.


In Bolivia a 7% of the population is olderAdult (AM), of which the 61% lives in the poverty; because of it was promulgated the law 1889 that puts in force the Health Insurance for Elderly (SMGV), nevertheless the National Caja of Health (CNS) bears the 88% of them affiliated to the SMGV, by which this at present paralyzed by the demand of services, with the con-sequent loss of quality in the attention of the AM.Therefore we develop this transversal descriptive study, for the purpose of determining the perception of the OlderAdult about the quality of care and the physician-patient relationship within the framework of the benefits of SMGV.We analyzed 170 samples, 114 in the CNS polyclinic Annex 32 and 56 in the CNS Quillacollo. We note that the perception about the quality of care SMGV in the CNS is good in 51 % of cases, 27% classified as fair to the poor and 22% as terrible. About the physician-patient relationship, we have 68% of patients agree with their attention in the SMGV. It concludes with this study that the level of treatment and quality of patient careAM,we still lacka lot to move forward, a deal or just a cordial handshake would be a good start for better treatment of the elderly.

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