ABSTRACT
Previous studies have found that the expansion of primary health care in Brazil following the country-wide family health strategy (ESF), one of the largest primary care programs in the world, has improved health outcomes. However, these studies have relied either on aggregate data or on limited individual data, with no fine-grained information available concerning household participation in the ESF or local supply of ESF services, which represent crucial aspects for analytical and policy purposes. This study analyzes the relationship between the ESF and health outcomes for the adult population in metropolitan areas in Brazil. We investigate this relationship through two linked dimensions of the ESF: the program's local supply of health teams and ESF household registration. In contrast with previous studies focusing on comparisons between certain definitions of "treated" versus "nontreated" populations, our results indicate that the local density of health teams is important to the observed effects of the ESF on adult health. We also find evidence consistent with the presence of positive primary health care spillovers to people not registered with the ESF. However, current ESF coverage levels in metropolitan areas have limited ability to address prevailing health inequalities. Our analysis suggests that the local intensity of ESF coverage should be a key consideration for evaluations and policy efforts related to future ESF expansion.
Subject(s)
Family Characteristics , Family Health , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , HumansABSTRACT
No Brasil, o aumento da população idosa em relação à população total e o aumento da longevidade provocam uma demanda por informações sobre a quantidade de anos vividos com saúde. O objetivo do presente estudo é medir a expectativa de vida saudável para a população brasileira de 60 anos e mais, por sexo e idade, em 2003. Para isso, foi empregado o método de Sullivan, combinando a tábua de vida, com experiência de mortalidade corrente da população e suas percepções de saúde. As informações de mortalidade foram obtidas de tábuas de vida publicadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, 2003. Optou-se por utilizar a autopercepção do estado de saúde, dicotomizada em boa e ruim, como medida do estado saúde dos indivíduos idosos, com informações advindas da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra Domiciliar (PNAD) de 2003. As estimativas mostram que as mulheres vivem mais, porém o número de anos a serem vividos por elas percebendo sua saúde como ruim é maior do que a estimativa para os idosos do sexo masculino. Os resultados chamam atenção para a necessidade de considerar as diferenças entre os sexos em relação à demanda por cuidados de saúde, assim como para a necessidade de políticas visando aumentar os anos a serem vividos pelos idosos em condições que estes considerem como de boa saúde.
The increase of the percentage of elderly population in Brazil and the increase in longevity incite a demand for information on the quantity of years spent in good health. The aim of the present study is to measure the life expectancy for the elderly of 60 years and above, by sex and age, in the year of 2003. The Sullivan method was used, which combined the life-table with the current experience of mortality and the self-perceived health. The mortality information was obtained from the life tables published by the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), 2003. The self-perceived health was used and it was dichotomized in good and bad. This information came from the National Research of Household Sample (PNAD), 2003. The results indicate that women live longer, but spend a higher number of years perceiving their health as bad, as compared to men. The results also highlights to the need of considering the differences between sexes in relation to the demand for health care. It is also important to consider the need to have policies designed to allow the increase in the number of years that the elderly can live in good health conditions.