Physical and Semen Characteristics of Mexican Creole Roosters in Summer and Autumn, at 19° North Latitude with a Constant Photoperiod

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the seasons (Summer and Autumn), on live weight, body condition, mass motility, percentage of live spermatozoa, and sperm-cell concentration of Creole roosters (Gallus domesticus) from Mexico. Semen from 35-week-old Creole roosters was collected weekly during 10 weeks in Summer and Autumn, through the dorso-abdominal massage technique. Roosters were individually kept under a constant photoperiod (16 hours light:8 hours dark). The average live weight was 4.5% higher (p<0.05) in Autumn (2.78 kg) than in Summer (2.66 kg), therefore this variable increased with age (r = 0.85, p<0.05). Category 2 of body condition occurred (p<0.05) with higher probability than the others (0, 1 and 3), being practically the same (p>0.05) in Autumn (99.96%) and in Summer (99.81%). On average (and in weeks 1 and 3-10), the percentage of live spermatozoa was higher in Summer than in Autumn. Accordingly, the percentage of live spermatozoa decreased with age (r = -0.82, p<0.05). However, on average, sperm-cell concentration did not change between seasons (p>0.05). In conclusion, Mexican Creole roosters showed higher percentage of live spermatozoa in Summer than in Autumn. Therefore, it is advisable to select these animals of about 2.7 kg and reproduce them in Summer.(AU)

Uso De Termografia Infravermelha Na Avaliação Reprodutiva De Touros E Efeitos De Fatores Climáticos Na Qualidade De Sêmen / Use Of Infrared Thermography In Evaluation Reproductive Of Bulls And Effects Of Climatic Factors On The Quality Of Semen / Uso De La Termografía Infrarroja En La Evaluación De Los Toros Y Los Efectos De Factores Climáticos Sobre La Calidad Del Semen

A medicina veterinária encontra-se num período de inovação quando se diz respeito ao uso de tecnologias que auxiliam e forneçam informações seguras e eficientes como uma alternativa de suporte aos mais diferentes objetivos aplicados na produção animal, prezando pela saúde, bem-estar e conforto dos animais. Na modalidade digital, a termografia por infravermelho é um moderno exame de imagem com acurácia, de prática realização, sem efeitos colaterais, não invasivo, com digitalização da imagem em tempo real e validado internacionalmente, sendo um método eficaz aos meios de diagnósticos e usada para a avaliação de temperaturas em estudos de termorregulação testicular em touros. Na reprodução de bovinos de corte, com estação de monta na primavera e verão, a qualidade do sêmen deve ser mantida para que a taxa de prenhez seja otimizada, para isso é preciso investigar os efeitos das estações seca e chuvosa sobre as características físicas e morfológicas do sêmen, uma vez que mudanças climáticas abruptas podem comprometer a espermatogênese e reduzir a eficiência reprodutiva de touros. O objetivo dessa revisão é ressaltar a importância da utilização da termografia por infravermelho como um método auxiliar em estudos sobre termorregulação escrotal e a influência das estações do ano nas características do sêmen. A literatura consultada demonstrou que os fatores climáticos atuam de forma intensa na fertilidade de touros criados no clima tropical; e que o monitoramento do estresse de causa térmica pode ser realizado com termografia infravermelha, e o termograma do escroto auxilia na seleção de reprodutores com termorregulação satisfatória, a qual resulta na boa qualidade do sêmen produzido.

Veterinary medicine is in a period of innovation when it concerns the use of technologies that assist and provide information secure and efficient as an alternative of support for the different objectives applied in animal production, taking care of the health, well-being and comfort of animals. In the case of digital, thermography infrared measurement is a modern imaging examination with accuracy of practice implementation, without side effects, non-invasive, with scanning of the image in real time and validated internationally, being an effective method to means of diagnosis and used for the evaluation of temperatures in studies of testicular thermoregulation in bulls. In the reproduction of beef cattle, with breeding season in spring and summer, the quality of the semen must be maintained so that the pregnancy rate is optimized, for this it is necessary to investigate the effects of dry and rainy seasons on the physical and morphological characteristics of the semen, since climate change abrupt may impair spermatogenesis and reduce the reproductive efficiency of bulls. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of using thermography infrared measurement as an auxiliary method in studies on thermoregulation scrotum and the influence of the seasons in semen characteristics. The literature consulted showed that the climatic factors act intensely in the fertility of bulls raised in the tropical climate; And that thermal stress can be monitored with infrared thermography, and the scrotal thermogram assists in the selection of breeder with satisfactory thermoregulation, which results in the good quality of the semen produced.

Medicina veterinaria está en un período de innovación cuando se refiere a la utilización de tecnologías que ayudar y proporcionar la información de forma segura y eficaz como una alternativa de apoyo para los diferentes objetivos, aplicado en la producción animal, teniendo el cuidado de la salud, el bienestar y la comodidad de los animales. En el caso de medición digital, la termografía de infrarrojos es un moderno examen por imágenes con precisión de aplicación práctica, sin efectos secundarios, no invasivo, con el análisis de la imagen en tiempo real y validados internacionalmente, siendo un método eficaz de medios de diagnóstico y utilizado para la evaluación de las temperaturas en los estudios de la termorregulación testicular en toros. En la reproducción de ganado vacuno, con la temporada de cría en primavera y verano, la calidad del esperma debe mantenerse para que la tasa de embarazo es optimizado, para ello es necesario para investigar los efectos de la seca y la lluviosa en el plano físico y las características morfológicas del semen, ya que el cambio climático abrupto puede afectar la espermatogénesis y reducir la eficiencia reproductiva de los toros. El objetivo de esta revisión es resaltar la importancia del uso de la termografía infrarroja como medida de un método auxiliar en estudios sobre la termorregulación el escroto y la influencia de las estaciones en las características del semen. La literatura consultada demostró que los factores climáticos actúan de forma intensa en la fertilidad de los toros creados en el clima tropical; y que el monitoreo del estrés de causa térmica puede ser realizado con termografía infrarroja, y el termograma del escroto auxilia en la selección de reproductores con termorregulación satisfactoria, la cual resulta en la buena calidad del semen producido.

Uso De Termografia Infravermelha Na Avaliação Reprodutiva De Touros E Efeitos De Fatores Climáticos Na Qualidade De Sêmen / Use Of Infrared Thermography In Evaluation Reproductive Of Bulls And Effects Of Climatic Factors On The Quality Of Semen / Uso De La Termografía Infrarroja En La Evaluación De Los Toros Y Los Efectos De Factores Climáticos Sobre La Calidad Del Semen

A medicina veterinária encontra-se num período de inovação quando se diz respeito ao uso de tecnologias que auxiliam e forneçam informações seguras e eficientes como uma alternativa de suporte aos mais diferentes objetivos aplicados na produção animal, prezando pela saúde, bem-estar e conforto dos animais. Na modalidade digital, a termografia por infravermelho é um moderno exame de imagem com acurácia, de prática realização, sem efeitos colaterais, não invasivo, com digitalização da imagem em tempo real e validado internacionalmente, sendo um método eficaz aos meios de diagnósticos e usada para a avaliação de temperaturas em estudos de termorregulação testicular em touros. Na reprodução de bovinos de corte, com estação de monta na primavera e verão, a qualidade do sêmen deve ser mantida para que a taxa de prenhez seja otimizada, para isso é preciso investigar os efeitos das estações seca e chuvosa sobre as características físicas e morfológicas do sêmen, uma vez que mudanças climáticas abruptas podem comprometer a espermatogênese e reduzir a eficiência reprodutiva de touros. O objetivo dessa revisão é ressaltar a importância da utilização da termografia por infravermelho como um método auxiliar em estudos sobre termorregulação escrotal e a influência das estações do ano nas características do sêmen. A literatura consultada demonstrou que os fatores climáticos atuam de forma intensa na fertilidade de touros criados no clima tropical; e que o monitoramento do estresse de causa térmica pode ser realizado com termografia infravermelha, e o termograma do escroto auxilia na seleção de reprodutores com termorregulação satisfatória, a qual resulta na boa qualidade do sêmen produzido.(AU)

Veterinary medicine is in a period of innovation when it concerns the use of technologies that assist and provide information secure and efficient as an alternative of support for the different objectives applied in animal production, taking care of the health, well-being and comfort of animals. In the case of digital, thermography infrared measurement is a modern imaging examination with accuracy of practice implementation, without side effects, non-invasive, with scanning of the image in real time and validated internationally, being an effective method to means of diagnosis and used for the evaluation of temperatures in studies of testicular thermoregulation in bulls. In the reproduction of beef cattle, with breeding season in spring and summer, the quality of the semen must be maintained so that the pregnancy rate is optimized, for this it is necessary to investigate the effects of dry and rainy seasons on the physical and morphological characteristics of the semen, since climate change abrupt may impair spermatogenesis and reduce the reproductive efficiency of bulls. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of using thermography infrared measurement as an auxiliary method in studies on thermoregulation scrotum and the influence of the seasons in semen characteristics. The literature consulted showed that the climatic factors act intensely in the fertility of bulls raised in the tropical climate; And that thermal stress can be monitored with infrared thermography, and the scrotal thermogram assists in the selection of breeder with satisfactory thermoregulation, which results in the good quality of the semen produced.(AU)

Medicina veterinaria está en un período de innovación cuando se refiere a la utilización de tecnologías que ayudar y proporcionar la información de forma segura y eficaz como una alternativa de apoyo para los diferentes objetivos, aplicado en la producción animal, teniendo el cuidado de la salud, el bienestar y la comodidad de los animales. En el caso de medición digital, la termografía de infrarrojos es un moderno examen por imágenes con precisión de aplicación práctica, sin efectos secundarios, no invasivo, con el análisis de la imagen en tiempo real y validados internacionalmente, siendo un método eficaz de medios de diagnóstico y utilizado para la evaluación de las temperaturas en los estudios de la termorregulación testicular en toros. En la reproducción de ganado vacuno, con la temporada de cría en primavera y verano, la calidad del esperma debe mantenerse para que la tasa de embarazo es optimizado, para ello es necesario para investigar los efectos de la seca y la lluviosa en el plano físico y las características morfológicas del semen, ya que el cambio climático abrupto puede afectar la espermatogénesis y reducir la eficiencia reproductiva de los toros. El objetivo de esta revisión es resaltar la importancia del uso de la termografía infrarroja como medida de un método auxiliar en estudios sobre la termorregulación el escroto y la influencia de las estaciones en las características del semen. La literatura consultada demostró que los factores climáticos actúan de forma intensa en la fertilidad de los toros creados en el clima tropical; y que el monitoreo del estrés de causa térmica puede ser realizado con termografía infrarroja, y el termograma del escroto auxilia en la selección de reproductores con termorregulación satisfactoria, la cual resulta en la buena calidad del semen producido.(AU)

Ovopel and carp pituitary extract for the reproductive induction of Colossoma macropomum males.

The objective of this study was to evaluate Ovopel and carp pituitary extract (CPE) in the reproductive induction of Colossoma macropomum males. Nine treatments were tested in triplicate, totaling 27 experimental units. C. macropomum breeders were subjected to the following treatments: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 Ovopel pellet/kg; 2.5 mg CPE/kg (traditional protocol); and a control treatment (no hormone). Breeders under hormone treatment produced a larger (P < 0.05) semen volume (2.4 ± 0.7 to 4.2 ± 0.3 mL) compared with the control (0.9 ± 0.4 mL). Sperm concentration did not differ significantly among treatments (7.2 × 109 ± 1.7 to 10.8 × 109 ± 2.6 spermatozoa/mL). Total sperm count was higher (P < 0.05) after treatment with 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6 Ovopel pellet/kg (41.6 ± 9.3 to 42.3 ± 10.5 × 109 spermatozoa) than the other Ovopel treatments (20.0 ± 2.4 to 26.9 ± 8.2 × 109 spermatozoa) and control (6.6 ± 1.1 × 109 spermatozoa), but did not differ significantly from CPE (33.7 ± 3.2 × 109 spermatozoa). Sperm motility was higher (P < 0.05) in the CPE treated, and 0.2, 0.3, and 0.7 Ovopel pellet/kg (88.3 ± 2.9 to 90.0 ± 5.0) breeders when compared with the other treatments (70.0 ± 10.0 to 78.3 ± 5.8), except for the 0.4 pellet/kg (81.7 ± 2.9) treatment, which did not differ significantly from any of the treatments. The motility period of the spermatozoa did not differ significantly among treatments (93.5 ± 15.7 to 120.0 ± 7.6 s). For the sperm morphological analysis, occurrence of normal spermatozoa was similar across the treatments, with three sperm abnormalities (short tail, bent tail, and detached head) differing (P < 0.05) among the treatments. Ovopel efficiently induced reproduction of C. macropomum breeders, with treatment using 0.3 and 0.4 Ovopel pellet/kg and CPE providing the best semen characteristics.

Effect of season on scrotal circumference, semen characteristics and testosterone serumconcentration in Mexican Corriente and other beef breed bulls

To evaluate the effects of season on semen,scrotal circumference and testosterone concentration inCorriente and European-breed bulls, 758 samples wereanalyzed in four years. Comparisons were madebetween bulls of the same breed in different seasons andbetween bulls of different breeds in the same season.Scrotal circumference of both breeds was higher in thesummer and autumn (P 0.1). Individual motility was lower in Europeanbreedthan in Corriente bulls in summer and autumn(P < 0.01 and <0.01). Live cells count was lower inEuropean-breed than in Corriente bulls during thesummer and autumn (P < 0.01 and <0.01). Major spermdefects were higher for Corriente than European-breedbulls during winter (P < 0.01). Minor cell defects werehigher in summer and autumn (P < 0.01) in Europeanbreedthan in Corriente bulls. Total defects were lowerin Corriente than in European-breed bulls duringsummer and autumn (P < 0.01), and higher duringwinter (P < 0.01). Testosterone was higher in Corrientebulls during summer (P < 0.01) and autumn (P < 0.01)than in European-breed bulls. Gross motility was lower(P < 0.05) in European-breed than in Corriente bulls inwinter. Season had no effect on most semencharacteristics in Corriente bulls, while European-breedbulls had lower semen quality during the hotter seasons.

Effect of season on scrotal circumference, semen characteristics and testosterone serumconcentration in Mexican Corriente and other beef breed bulls

To evaluate the effects of season on semen,scrotal circumference and testosterone concentration inCorriente and European-breed bulls, 758 samples wereanalyzed in four years. Comparisons were madebetween bulls of the same breed in different seasons andbetween bulls of different breeds in the same season.Scrotal circumference of both breeds was higher in thesummer and autumn (P < 0.01). Sperm concentration,individual motility and live cells were lower in summerand autumn in European-breed bulls (P < 0.01). Allpercentages of sperm defects were higher, andtestosterone was lower in European-breed bulls duringsummer and autumn (P < 0.01). Gross motility tended tobe lower (P = 0.09) in European-based bulls duringwinter. Scrotal circumference was higher in Europeanbreedbulls than Corriente bulls in all seasons (P < 0.01).Ejaculate volume and sperm concentration were similarin Corriente and European-breed bulls in all seasons(P > 0.1). Individual motility was lower in Europeanbreedthan in Corriente bulls in summer and autumn(P < 0.01 and <0.01). Live cells count was lower inEuropean-breed than in Corriente bulls during thesummer and autumn (P < 0.01 and <0.01). Major spermdefects were higher for Corriente than European-breedbulls during winter (P < 0.01). Minor cell defects werehigher in summer and autumn (P < 0.01) in Europeanbreedthan in Corriente bulls. Total defects were lowerin Corriente than in European-breed bulls duringsummer and autumn (P < 0.01), and higher duringwinter (P < 0.01). Testosterone was higher in Corrientebulls during summer (P < 0.01) and autumn (P < 0.01)than in European-breed bulls. Gross motility was lower(P < 0.05) in European-breed than in Corriente bulls inwinter. Season had no effect on most semencharacteristics in Corriente bulls, while European-breedbulls had lower semen quality during the hotter seasons.(AU)

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) seminal plasma proteins and their correlation with semen characteristics / Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) seminal plasma proteins and their correlation with semen characteristics

Background: Fish seminal plasma is a complex mixture made of different components. In few studies on some fish species such as rainbow trout, Nile tilapia and jundiá fish (Rhamdia quelen) characterization of seminal plasma proteins were shown. Meanwhile there is little information regarding the correlation between specific seminal proteins and semen characteristics in rainbow trout. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the seminal plasma protein profiles and their relation with some semen characteristics in rainbow trout. Materials, Methods & Results: Nine mature male rainbow trout with total weight 2300 ± 200 g were used. A total of nine male fish were anaesthetized by clove oil bath (50 µl L-1) and semen was collected by abdominal massage. Semen variables (spermatocrit, concentration, duration of activity, percent of motility, total protein) were recorded. Seminal plasma was also separated by centrifugation and subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis. Gel images were analysed to determine molecular weight and relative protein content (pixel density) using the Total Lab TL120 computer program. Spermatocrit (%), sperm concentration (cell mL-1), duration of sperm activity (sec), percentage of sperm motility and total protein (mg dL-1) were 22.67, 12.35 × 109, 36.56, 89.33 and 81.49 respectively. Nine protein bands were identified on the 15% gel ranging from 11.74 to 68.

Background: Fish seminal plasma is a complex mixture made of different components. In few studies on some fish species such as rainbow trout, Nile tilapia and jundiá fish (Rhamdia quelen) characterization of seminal plasma proteins were shown. Meanwhile there is little information regarding the correlation between specific seminal proteins and semen characteristics in rainbow trout. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the seminal plasma protein profiles and their relation with some semen characteristics in rainbow trout. Materials, Methods & Results: Nine mature male rainbow trout with total weight 2300 ± 200 g were used. A total of nine male fish were anaesthetized by clove oil bath (50 µl L-1) and semen was collected by abdominal massage. Semen variables (spermatocrit, concentration, duration of activity, percent of motility, total protein) were recorded. Seminal plasma was also separated by centrifugation and subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis. Gel images were analysed to determine molecular weight and relative protein content (pixel density) using the Total Lab TL120 computer program. Spermatocrit (%), sperm concentration (cell mL-1), duration of sperm activity (sec), percentage of sperm motility and total protein (mg dL-1) were 22.67, 12.35 × 109, 36.56, 89.33 and 81.49 respectively. Nine protein bands were identified on the 15% gel ranging from 11.74 to 68.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) seminal plasma proteins and their correlation with semen characteristics

Background: Fish seminal plasma is a complex mixture made of different components. In few studies on some fish species such as rainbow trout, Nile tilapia and jundiá fish (Rhamdia quelen) characterization of seminal plasma proteins were shown. Meanwhile there is little information regarding the correlation between specific seminal proteins and semen characteristics in rainbow trout. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the seminal plasma protein profiles and their relation with some semen characteristics in rainbow trout. Materials, Methods & Results: Nine mature male rainbow trout with total weight 2300 ± 200 g were used. A total of nine male fish were anaesthetized by clove oil bath (50 µl L-¹) and semen was collected by abdominal massage. Semen variables (spermatocrit, concentration, duration of activity, percent of motility, total protein) were recorded. Seminal plasma was also separated by centrifugation and subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis. Gel images were analysed to determine molecular weight and relative protein content (pixel density) using the Total Lab TL120 computer program. Spermatocrit (%), sperm concentration (cell mL-¹), duration of sperm activity (sec), percentage of sperm motility and total protein (mg dL-¹) were 22.67, 12.35 × 109, 36.56, 89.33 and 81.49 respectively. Nine protein bands were identified on the 15% gel ranging from 11.74 to 68.12 kDa which seven were present in all samples. Band 1 (68.12 kDa), 2 (60.20 kDa) and 3 (54.19 kDa) were prominent (56.92% of the bands) in semen samples. Sperm concentration was negatively correlated with band 1 (68.12 kDa), 2 (60.20 kDa), 7 (32.72 k Da) and 8 (20.96). Percent of sperm motility showed positive correlation with band 3 (54.19 kDa) and 9 (11.74). Negative correlation was also revealed between spermatocrit and band 7 (32.72 k Da). Discussion: In the present study, spermatocrit (%) and duration of sperm activity (sec) were 22.67 and 36.56. In our study values for sperm concentration (cell mL-¹) and percentage of spem motility were 12.35 × 109 and 89.33 while in previously study these values were 7.89 × 109 and 88.5. Nine bands with molecular weights ranging from 11.74 to 68.12 kDa were detected in this study. The proteins with molecular weight higher than 54 kDa were prominent (56.92% of the bands). In the current study protein bands 3 (54.19 kDa) and 9 (11.74 kDa) were positively correlated with percent of sperm motility. It can be concluded that protein band 3 (54.19) and 9 (11.74) may modulate sperm function by providing energy and protection for spermatozoa as a complementary substance. Also According to our results, protein bands 1 (68.12), 2 (60.20), 7 (32.72) and 9 (11.74) negatively correlated with sperm concentration. It seems that these protein fractions could relate to other parameters in rainbow trout semen which are detrimental to sperm cells. On the other hand, all protein bands showed no correlation with other spermatological parameters such as total protein and duration of sperm activity. In conclusion, the present study shows that there is a correlation between some of the seminal plasma protein fraction and semen characteristics.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) seminal plasma proteins and their correlation with semen characteristics / Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) seminal plasma proteins and their correlation with semen characteristics

Background: Fish seminal plasma is a complex mixture made of different components. In few studies on some fish species such as rainbow trout, Nile tilapia and jundiá fish (Rhamdia quelen) characterization of seminal plasma proteins were shown. Meanwhile there is little information regarding the correlation between specific seminal proteins and semen characteristics in rainbow trout. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the seminal plasma protein profiles and their relation with some semen characteristics in rainbow trout. Materials, Methods & Results: Nine mature male rainbow trout with total weight 2300 ± 200 g were used. A total of nine male fish were anaesthetized by clove oil bath (50 µl L-1) and semen was collected by abdominal massage. Semen variables (spermatocrit, concentration, duration of activity, percent of motility, total protein) were recorded. Seminal plasma was also separated by centrifugation and subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis. Gel images were analysed to determine molecular weight and relative protein content (pixel density) using the Total Lab TL120 computer program. Spermatocrit (%), sperm concentration (cell mL-1), duration of sperm activity (sec), percentage of sperm motility and total protein (mg dL-1) were 22.67, 12.35 × 109, 36.56, 89.33 and 81.49 respectively. Nine protein bands were identified on the 15% gel ranging from 11.74 to 68.

Background: Fish seminal plasma is a complex mixture made of different components. In few studies on some fish species such as rainbow trout, Nile tilapia and jundiá fish (Rhamdia quelen) characterization of seminal plasma proteins were shown. Meanwhile there is little information regarding the correlation between specific seminal proteins and semen characteristics in rainbow trout. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the seminal plasma protein profiles and their relation with some semen characteristics in rainbow trout. Materials, Methods & Results: Nine mature male rainbow trout with total weight 2300 ± 200 g were used. A total of nine male fish were anaesthetized by clove oil bath (50 µl L-1) and semen was collected by abdominal massage. Semen variables (spermatocrit, concentration, duration of activity, percent of motility, total protein) were recorded. Seminal plasma was also separated by centrifugation and subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis. Gel images were analysed to determine molecular weight and relative protein content (pixel density) using the Total Lab TL120 computer program. Spermatocrit (%), sperm concentration (cell mL-1), duration of sperm activity (sec), percentage of sperm motility and total protein (mg dL-1) were 22.67, 12.35 × 109, 36.56, 89.33 and 81.49 respectively. Nine protein bands were identified on the 15% gel ranging from 11.74 to 68.

Características do sêmen, perfil da concentração de testosterona no extrato fecal, variação da massa corporal e volume testicular de mico-de-cheiro (Saimiri sciureus, LINNAEUS, 1758) mantidos em cativeiro sob condições ambientais controladas / Characteristics of semen, testosterone level profile in fecal extract, variation of body weight and testicular volume of captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus, Linnaeus, 1758) undercontrolled environmental conditions

Os micos de cheiro (Samiri sciureus) são primatas neotropicais de pequeno porte, com ciclo reprodutivo sazonal, marcado por alterações morfofisiológicas em machos e fêmeas. São criados em cativeiro principalmente como modelos para a pesquisa biomédica. São bem estudados quanto à nutrição, fisiologia, comportamento, no entanto, a fisiologia reprodutiva ainda necessita de conhecimentos para monitorar o manejo ex situ. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variação de massa corporal, volume testicular, a concentração de testosterona no extrato fecal e características do sêmen em animais mantidos em condições ambientais controladas (temperatura, luminosidade e umidade relativa). Os machos (n=12) de 7 a 13 anos foram mantidos, sem contato visual, olfativo ou auditivo com fêmeas da espécie. Foram obtidas a massa corporal, volume testicular e colheita de sêmen por vibroestimulação peniana (VEP) a cada 15 dias e amostras de fezes mensais para a dosagem de testosterona no extrato fecal por quimioluminescência. Sete animais responderam ao procedimento por VEP. Amostras de dois animais foram avaliadas ao longo de um ano. O sêmen foi avaliado sem dissolução do coágulo. Conclui-se que é/foi possível colher sêmen de S. sciureus durante todo o ano por VEP, em animais mantidos em condições ambientais controladas. As características das amostras são compatíveis com animais saudáveis da espécie. Ajustes no tubo de colheita elevou a taxa de sucesso na obtenção de ejaculados por VEP. As análises não mostraram variação de massa corporal, volume testicular e testosterona no extrato fecal que evidenciassem as alterações sincronizadas dos machos descritas na estação de acasalamentos. O conhecimento gerado pelo estudo pode contribuir como base para a manutenção de machos em condições de cativeiro para a colheita de sêmen com potencial para em biotécnicas reprodutivas, e tornar as criações mais eficientes e auto-sustentáveis para fins de pesquisa biomédica ou de conservação.

Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) are small neotropical primates with seasonal reproductive cycle, marked by morphophysiological changes in males and females. They are raised in captivityprimarily as models for biomedical research and have been well-studied on nutritional, physiological, and behavioral aspects; however, the reproductive physiology still requires knowledge to improve the handling ex situ. Thus, this study aimed to assess the variation in body weight, testicular volume, testosterone level profile in fecal extract, and semen characteristics in captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) under controlled environmental conditions (temperature, artificial lighting, and humidity). During 12 months, adult males (n = 12) from 7 to13 years of age were housed in pairs with no visual olfactory or auditory contact with females of the species. Body weight and testicular volume were assessed and semen samples was collected by vibratory penile stimulation (VPS) ever 15 days. Fecal samples were collected every month for the measurement of testosterone levels via chemiluminescence. Samples were achieved from seven animals and two of them ejaculated regularly throughout the whole study. Samples wereanalysed with no dissolution of the seminal clotting. Characteristics of semen were comparable to those observed in healthy individuals. Adjustments in the collection tube improved sample collection success by VPS in the longitudinal monitoring of body mass, testicular volume, as wellas fecal testosterone levels. Besides, no seasonal changes were observed. Therefore, this manuscript offers a promising protocol for semen collection in the study species, which couldpotentially contribute to further research as well as to future strategies of Assisted reproduction technologies to this and possibly to other simian species.

Relationship between levels of peripheral blood testosterone, sexual behavior, scrotal circumference and seminal parameters in crossbred rams / Relationship between levels of peripheral blood testosterone, sexual behavior, scrotal circumference and seminal parameters in crossbred rams

Background: Measurements of testosterone, scrotal circumference and libido have a great value as indicators of onset of puberty, total semen production, semen quality, control of spermatogenesis, testicular state, pathological conditions of testes and the potential sub-fertility or infertility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine relationship between levels of peripheral blood testosterone, sexual behavior, scrotal circumference and seminal parameters in crossbred rams. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve crossbred and sexually mature rams consisting¬ of three Arkharmerino × Moghani (AM × MG), three Baluchi × Moghani (BL × MG), and three Ghezel × Baluchi (GH × BL) and three Ghezel × Arkharmerino (GH × AM) were used in this study. The scrotal circumference (SC) was measured at monthly intervals. Every two weeks the 12 crossbred rams were evaluated for the degree of libido using three ovariectomized ewes. Sexual behavior of crossbred rams was evaluated in terms of (1) reaction time for the fi rst and second ejaculate (2) time taken for the fi rst and second ejaculate (3) number of mounts for the fi rst and second ejaculation. Ram semen was collected by artifi cial vagina and blood samples were obtained via jugular vein. Soon after the collection, semen characteristics and testosterone plasma were assayed. For estimation of the relationship between genetic group

Background: Measurements of testosterone, scrotal circumference and libido have a great value as indicators of onset of puberty, total semen production, semen quality, control of spermatogenesis, testicular state, pathological conditions of testes and the potential sub-fertility or infertility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine relationship between levels of peripheral blood testosterone, sexual behavior, scrotal circumference and seminal parameters in crossbred rams. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve crossbred and sexually mature rams consisting¬ of three Arkharmerino × Moghani (AM × MG), three Baluchi × Moghani (BL × MG), and three Ghezel × Baluchi (GH × BL) and three Ghezel × Arkharmerino (GH × AM) were used in this study. The scrotal circumference (SC) was measured at monthly intervals. Every two weeks the 12 crossbred rams were evaluated for the degree of libido using three ovariectomized ewes. Sexual behavior of crossbred rams was evaluated in terms of (1) reaction time for the fi rst and second ejaculate (2) time taken for the fi rst and second ejaculate (3) number of mounts for the fi rst and second ejaculation. Ram semen was collected by artifi cial vagina and blood samples were obtained via jugular vein. Soon after the collection, semen characteristics and testosterone plasma were assayed. For estimation of the relationship between genetic group

Relationship between levels of peripheral blood testosterone, sexual behavior, scrotal circumference and seminal parameters in crossbred rams

Background: Measurements of testosterone, scrotal circumference and libido have a great value as indicators of onset of puberty, total semen production, semen quality, control of spermatogenesis, testicular state, pathological conditions of testes and the potential sub-fertility or infertility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine relationship between levels of peripheral blood testosterone, sexual behavior, scrotal circumference and seminal parameters in crossbred rams. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve crossbred and sexually mature rams consisting of three Arkharmerino × Moghani (AM × MG), three Baluchi × Moghani (BL × MG), and three Ghezel × Baluchi (GH × BL) and three Ghezel × Arkharmerino (GH × AM) were used in this study. The scrotal circumference (SC) was measured at monthly intervals. Every two weeks the 12 crossbred rams were evaluated for the degree of libido using three ovariectomized ewes. Sexual behavior of crossbred rams was evaluated in terms of (1) reaction time for the first and second ejaculate (2) time taken for the first and second ejaculate (3) number of mounts for the first and second ejaculation. Ram semen was collected by artificial vagina and blood samples were obtained via jugular vein. Soon after the collection, semen characteristics and testosterone plasma were assayed. For estimation of the relationship between genetic group and other indices, Statistical analyses were performed by One-way ANOVA and Bivariate correlation coefficient was used to calculate the correlations between testosterone by spermatozoa parameters and libido in each genetic group; P < 0.05 considered significant. The results showed that there were no significant differences between crossbred rams in terms of semen characteristics except for spermatozoa progressive motility, semen volume and pH. The highest level of plasma testosterone was recorded in GH × BL rams (7.12 ± 1.87 ng/mL) and the lowest was for AM × MG genetic group (2.99 ± 1.90 ng/mL). However, any significant difference wasn't observed among the four genetic groups about plasma testosterone. At the present study the mean values of scrotal circumference of Arkharmerino × Moghani were higher than other genetic groups (P < 0.05). Also scrotal circumference showed a positive correlation with reaction time for the second ejaculation, semen pH and spermatozoa concentration (P < 0.05). Discussion: The sexual activity of males is influenced by test conditions and the methods applied in tests can vary considerably, even within the same experiment for example with regard to test duration and number of males and females. Among libido indices, only a significant correlation was observed between reaction time for second ejaculate and scrotal circumference. A non-significant correlation was observed between plasma testosterone, concentration, and semen traits. These differences between various reports could be due to the season of the study, breed, age of rams and many other environmental factors. It could be concluded that testosterone profiles is not a notable factor for estimating the quality of crossbred rams spermatogenesis and sexual activity. In addition to the above points, the males should be examined for a number of different tests have been used to assess the fertility or performance of crossbred rams, including scrotal measurement, semen examination, libido testing, hormonal profile and the other examinations.

Relationship between levels of peripheral blood testosterone, sexual behavior, scrotal circumference and seminal parameters in crossbred rams / Relationship between levels of peripheral blood testosterone, sexual behavior, scrotal circumference and seminal parameters in crossbred rams

Background: Measurements of testosterone, scrotal circumference and libido have a great value as indicators of onset of puberty, total semen production, semen quality, control of spermatogenesis, testicular state, pathological conditions of testes and the potential sub-fertility or infertility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine relationship between levels of peripheral blood testosterone, sexual behavior, scrotal circumference and seminal parameters in crossbred rams. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve crossbred and sexually mature rams consisting¬ of three Arkharmerino × Moghani (AM × MG), three Baluchi × Moghani (BL × MG), and three Ghezel × Baluchi (GH × BL) and three Ghezel × Arkharmerino (GH × AM) were used in this study. The scrotal circumference (SC) was measured at monthly intervals. Every two weeks the 12 crossbred rams were evaluated for the degree of libido using three ovariectomized ewes. Sexual behavior of crossbred rams was evaluated in terms of (1) reaction time for the fi rst and second ejaculate (2) time taken for the fi rst and second ejaculate (3) number of mounts for the fi rst and second ejaculation. Ram semen was collected by artifi cial vagina and blood samples were obtained via jugular vein. Soon after the collection, semen characteristics and testosterone plasma were assayed. For estimation of the relationship between genetic group

Background: Measurements of testosterone, scrotal circumference and libido have a great value as indicators of onset of puberty, total semen production, semen quality, control of spermatogenesis, testicular state, pathological conditions of testes and the potential sub-fertility or infertility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine relationship between levels of peripheral blood testosterone, sexual behavior, scrotal circumference and seminal parameters in crossbred rams. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve crossbred and sexually mature rams consisting¬ of three Arkharmerino × Moghani (AM × MG), three Baluchi × Moghani (BL × MG), and three Ghezel × Baluchi (GH × BL) and three Ghezel × Arkharmerino (GH × AM) were used in this study. The scrotal circumference (SC) was measured at monthly intervals. Every two weeks the 12 crossbred rams were evaluated for the degree of libido using three ovariectomized ewes. Sexual behavior of crossbred rams was evaluated in terms of (1) reaction time for the fi rst and second ejaculate (2) time taken for the fi rst and second ejaculate (3) number of mounts for the fi rst and second ejaculation. Ram semen was collected by artifi cial vagina and blood samples were obtained via jugular vein. Soon after the collection, semen characteristics and testosterone plasma were assayed. For estimation of the relationship between genetic group

High incidence of testicular hypoplasia in Brangus-Ibagé bulls in Mato Grosso do Sul state: case report / Alta incidência de hipoplasia testicular em touros Brangus-Ibagé no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul: relato de caso

This study describes a high incidence of testicular hypoplasia observed during breeding soundness examination conducted on a commercial farm in Mato Grosso do Sul state. Sixty-eight Brangus-Ibagé bulls aged between 36 and 48 months were evaluated and eight animals were diagnosed with testicular hypoplasia, which corresponded to an incidence of 11.8%. The hypoplastic animals presented flaccid testicular consistency and small size of scrotal circumference (mean of 28.9 cm) compared with the other animals evaluated, which presented a firm-elastic testicular consistency and mean scrotal circumference of 36.6 cm. In the semen evaluation of hypoplastic animals, low progressive motility (mean of 47%) and high percentage of major and total defects (means of 56% and 62%, respectively) were observed. The animals that were approved in the breeding soundness examination presented mean progressive motility, major defects and total defects of 68%, 17% and 23%, respectively. Given the genetic character of testicular hypoplasia, the immediate removal of hypoplastic animals from breeding was recommended. Finally, it was suggested to investigate the origin of these animals in order to avoid that new animals from this lineage are acquired by the owner.

Neste trabalho, relata-se um caso de alta incidência de hipoplasia testicular observada durante exame andrológico realizado em uma fazenda comercial no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram avaliados 68 touros Brangus-Ibagé com idade entre 36 e 48 meses e observou-se oito animais com hipoplasia testicular, o que correspondeu a uma incidência de 11,8% desta patologia. Os animais hipoplásicos apresentaram consistência testicular flácida, bem como tamanho médio do perímetro escrotal bastante reduzido (28,9 cm) em comparação aos demais animais avaliados, que apresentaram média do perímetro escrotal de 36,6 cm e consistência testicular firme-elástica. Na avaliação do sêmen dos animais com hipoplasia testicular, observou-se baixa motilidade progressiva (média de 47%) e alta porcentagem de defeitos maiores e totais (média de 56% e 62%, respectivamente). Nos demais animais aprovados no exame andrológico, a média de motilidade progressiva, defeitos maiores e defeitos totais foram 68%, 17% e 23%, respectivamente. Dado o caráter genético da hipoplasia testicular, recomendou-se o descarte ou retirada imediata destes animais da reprodução. Por fim, sugeriu-se a investigação da origem destes animais de modo a evitar-se que novos animais oriundos dessa linhagem genética sejam adquiridos pelo proprietário.

Efeito da idade sobre as principais características andrológicas de touros Brangus-Ibagé criados extensivamente no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul - Brasil / Effect of age on the andrological characteristics of Brangus-Ibagé bulls extensively reared in Mato Grosso do Sul state - Brazil

Bull fertility is extremely important for beef cattle production systems and has a multiplier impact on the economical and zootechnical indexes of the herd. Bulls raised in tropical conditions may present varied seminal characteristics due to, among other causes, different management practices and quality of pastures. Another factor that influences the semen characteristics is the age of the sire. The reproductive potential of bull evaluated through the andrological exam aims to ensure the semen quality and to improve the herd reproductive efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main semen parameters of Brangus- Ibagé bulls extensively reared in eastern Mato Grosso do Sul state and to verify the effect of age on the andrological characteristics analyzed. It was also evaluated the correlation between age, scrotal circumference, and physical and morphological sperm characteristics produced by the Brangus bulls.[...]

Efeito da idade sobre as principais características andrológicas de touros Brangus-Ibagé criados extensivamente no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul - Brasil / Effect of age on the andrological characteristics of Brangus-Ibagé bulls extensively reared in Mato Grosso do Sul state - Brazil

Bull fertility is extremely important for beef cattle production systems and has a multiplier impact on the economical and zootechnical indexes of the herd. Bulls raised in tropical conditions may present varied seminal characteristics due to, among other causes, different management practices and quality of pastures. Another factor that influences the semen characteristics is the age of the sire. The reproductive potential of bull evaluated through the andrological exam aims to ensure the semen quality and to improve the herd reproductive efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main semen parameters of Brangus- Ibagé bulls extensively reared in eastern Mato Grosso do Sul state and to verify the effect of age on the andrological characteristics analyzed. It was also evaluated the correlation between age, scrotal circumference, and physical and morphological sperm characteristics produced by the Brangus bulls.[...](AU)