ABSTRACT
Nos últimos quinze anos, a equideocultura foi uma atividade em destaque com significativo crescimento no Brasil e no mundo. O Brasil é o segundo país no mundo que mais utiliza transporte de sêmen equino, ficando atrás apenas dos Estados Unidos e a utilização do sêmen congelado no país vem expandido a cada dia. O índice de prenhez por ciclo, com sêmen equino congelado é variável e oscila entre 25 e 40%. Adicionalmente, sabe-se que o sêmen de alguns garanhões apresenta baixa viabilidade após o descongelamento. A primeira prenhez obtida com sêmen equino congelado foi relatada há cinco décadas. Segundo Cazalez, 2020, é muito difícil recomendar uma dose inseminante padrão para sêmen congelado em equinos. A maioria dos estudos científicos não consegue controlar o efeito de outros fatores "de confusão" como método de processo, fator égua, fator garanhão, técnica de inseminação etc., tornando difícil uma comparação crítica dos mesmos. Rigby et al. (2001) obtiveram taxas de prenhez similares ao se comparar a inseminação artificial profunda em corno uterino com endoscópio e pipeta flexível.(AU)
In the last fifteen years, equine breeding has been a prominent activity with significant growth in Brazil and in the world. Brazil is the second country in the world that most uses equine semen transport, second only to the United States, and the use of frozen semen in the country is expanding every day. The pregnancy rate per cycle with frozen equine semen is variable and ranges from 25 to 40%. Additionally, it is known that the semen of some stallions has low viability after thawing. The first pregnancy obtained with frozen equine semen was reported five decades ago. According to Cazalez, 2020, it is very difficult to recommend a standard insemination dose for frozen semen in horses. Most scientific studies cannot control for the effect of other "confounding" factors such as processing method, mare factor, stallion factor, insemination technique, etc., making it difficult to critically compare them. Rigby et al. (2001) obtained similar pregnancy rates when comparing deep artificial insemination in the uterine horn with an endoscope and flexible pipette.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Insemination, Artificial/methods , Horses , Birth RateABSTRACT
RESUMEN El objetivo fue criopreservar semen de bagre rayado Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum con tres crioprotectores internos diferentes: dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO), dimetilacetamida (DMA) y etilenglicol (ETG) a dos porcentajes de inclusiones (5 y 10%), combinados con glucosa 6%, leche en polvo descremada 3% y vitamina E (0,4%). Cinco machos en fase de espermiación fueron inducidos con 0,4 ml de Ovaprim®/Kg. El semen fue diluido en la solución crioprotectora (1:3) en tubos de 2,5 ml, congelado en vapores de nitrógeno y descongelado a 35°C durante 90 segundos. El análisis estadístico incluyó un diseño factorial 3x2 y semen fresco (SF) como tratamiento testigo. En semen fresco, precongelado y descongelado se evaluó la movilidad total (Mt), tipos de movilidad, progresividad total y velocidades espermáticas con la ayuda de Sperm Class Analyzer SCA®. El SF registró volumen de 6,1±4,3 ml, Mt de 72,6±17,1%, activación de 31,2±2,1 segundos y concentración espermática de 54,7±22,9 millones/μl. En semen precongelado, el crioprotector (p<0,05) y porcentaje de inclusión (p<0,01), pero no su interacción, tuvieron un efecto significativo en la Mt, velocidad curvilínea (VCL) y velocidad lineal (VSL); mientras que en semen descongelado sólo la interacción de los factores (p<0,05) fue significativa en Mt, porcentajes de espermatozoide estáticos y VCL. La Mt cayó entre 36-67% en semen precongelado y entre 7486% en semen descongelado con relación a SF. Los resultados sugieren que DMSO, DMA y ETG incluidos a 5 o 10%, combinados con leche en polvo 3%, glucosa 6% y vitamina E 0,4% son alternativas viables de criopreservación del semen de bagre rayado.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate three internal cryoprotectants to preserve semen of striped catfish (Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum). The cryoprotectants tested were: dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylacetamide (DMA) and ethylene glycol (ETG) at two inclusion percentages (5 and 10%), mixed with 6% glucose, 3% skim milk powder, and 0.4% vitamin E. Five males in the spermiation phase were induced with Ovaprim® (0.4 ml/kg). The semen was diluted in the cryoprotective solution (1: 3) in 2.5 ml tubes, frozen in nitrogen vapors and thawed at 35°C for 90 seconds. A 3x2 factorial design was used, and the control treatment was fresh semen (SF). Total motility (Mt), type of motility total progressivity, and spermatic velocities were evaluated in fresh, pre-frozen and post-thawed semen using the Sperm Class Analyzer (SCA®) software. The SF volume was 6.1 ± 4.3 ml, with Mt of 72.6 ± 17.1%, activation of 31.2 ± 2.1 seconds and sperm concentration of 54.7 ± 22.9 million/μl. In the pre-frozen semen, the cryoprotectant (p <0.05) and the percentage of inclusion (p <0.01) -but not their interaction- had a significant negative effect on Mt, curvilinear velocity (VCL), and linear velocity (VSL); whereas in thawed semen only the interaction of the factors (p <0.05) was significant for Mt, static sperm percentages and VCL. The Mt decreased between 36-67% in pre-frozen semen and between 74-86% in thawed semen compared to SF. These results suggest that 5 or 10% inclusion levels of DMSO, DMA, and ETG, in combination with 3% powdered milk, 6% glucose, and 0.4% vitamin E are viable alternatives to cryopreserve semen of striped catfish.
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the effect of increasing centrifugal force and reducing centrifugation time and volume in Percoll protocols on ram sperm parameters. Commercial semen of Santa Inês rams were used and five treatments were performed: traditional Percoll and mini-Percoll (MP) techniques (I- 5000 x g, 5min; II- 2500 x g, 5min; III- 1250 x g, 5min; IV- 700 x g, 10min). At post-thawing (PT) and post-selection protocols (0h), samples were assessed for spermatozoa recovery rate, motility, plasma membrane (PM) integrity, sperm capacitation and morphology and incubated at 37 C for 1, 2 and 3h. The sperm recovery rate averaged 9.1±1.4%, and most motility parameters were similar (P> 0.05) among protocols. VCL (µm/s) was higher (P< 0.05) after MP-II, III and IV (66.1±4.5) than traditional Percoll (46.3±4.9). Capacitation status and PM integrity were similar (P> 0.05) among treatments. For the first time, we have demonstrated the reduction of the gradient volume and centrifugation time associated with an increase on centrifugation force at Percoll can be successfully used for frozen-thawed ram sperm selection. MP may be used instead of traditional Percoll, decreasing costs and semen handling time.(AU)
O presente estudo avaliou o efeito do aumento da força de centrifugação, bem como da redução do tempo de centrifugação e do volume do gradiente de Percoll em diferentes protocolos nos parâmetros espermáticos de ovinos. Foi utilizado sêmen comercial de carneiros da raça Santa Inês, e cinco tratamentos foram realizados: Percoll tradicional e quatro técnicas de mini-Percoll (I- 5000 x g, 5min; II- 2500 x g, 5min; III- 1250 x g, 5min; IV- 700 x g, 10min). Após o descongelamento e a seleção espermática em cada técnica utilizada (0h), amostras foram avaliadas quanto à taxa de recuperação espermática, motilidade, integridade de membrana plasmática, capacitação e morfologia. Ao final, foram incubadas a 37 ºC por uma, duas e três horas. A taxa de recuperação média (9,1±1,4%) e a maioria dos parâmetros de motilidade foram similares (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. VCL foi maior (P<0,05) após MP-II, III e IV (66,1±4,5) quando comparados ao Percoll tradicional (46,3±4,9). O status da capacitação e a integridade de membrana foram similares (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Pela primeira vez, foi demonstrado que a redução do volume do gradiente utilizado e do tempo de centrifugação, associada com o aumento da força de centrifugação nos protocolos de Percoll, pode ser usada com sucesso na seleção espermática de sêmen congelado de ovinos. O mini-Percoll pode ser utilizado em alternativa à técnica de Percoll tradicional, diminuindo custos e tempo de manipulação do sêmen durante a técnica.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Sperm Capacitation , Sheep , Cryopreservation/veterinaryABSTRACT
This study evaluated the effect of increasing centrifugal force and reducing centrifugation time and volume in Percoll protocols on ram sperm parameters. Commercial semen of Santa Inês rams were used and five treatments were performed: traditional Percoll and mini-Percoll (MP) techniques (I- 5000 x g, 5min; II- 2500 x g, 5min; III- 1250 x g, 5min; IV- 700 x g, 10min). At post-thawing (PT) and post-selection protocols (0h), samples were assessed for spermatozoa recovery rate, motility, plasma membrane (PM) integrity, sperm capacitation and morphology and incubated at 37 C for 1, 2 and 3h. The sperm recovery rate averaged 9.1±1.4%, and most motility parameters were similar (P> 0.05) among protocols. VCL (µm/s) was higher (P< 0.05) after MP-II, III and IV (66.1±4.5) than traditional Percoll (46.3±4.9). Capacitation status and PM integrity were similar (P> 0.05) among treatments. For the first time, we have demonstrated the reduction of the gradient volume and centrifugation time associated with an increase on centrifugation force at Percoll can be successfully used for frozen-thawed ram sperm selection. MP may be used instead of traditional Percoll, decreasing costs and semen handling time.(AU)
O presente estudo avaliou o efeito do aumento da força de centrifugação, bem como da redução do tempo de centrifugação e do volume do gradiente de Percoll em diferentes protocolos nos parâmetros espermáticos de ovinos. Foi utilizado sêmen comercial de carneiros da raça Santa Inês, e cinco tratamentos foram realizados: Percoll tradicional e quatro técnicas de mini-Percoll (I- 5000 x g, 5min; II- 2500 x g, 5min; III- 1250 x g, 5min; IV- 700 x g, 10min). Após o descongelamento e a seleção espermática em cada técnica utilizada (0h), amostras foram avaliadas quanto à taxa de recuperação espermática, motilidade, integridade de membrana plasmática, capacitação e morfologia. Ao final, foram incubadas a 37 ºC por uma, duas e três horas. A taxa de recuperação média (9,1±1,4%) e a maioria dos parâmetros de motilidade foram similares (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. VCL foi maior (P<0,05) após MP-II, III e IV (66,1±4,5) quando comparados ao Percoll tradicional (46,3±4,9). O status da capacitação e a integridade de membrana foram similares (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Pela primeira vez, foi demonstrado que a redução do volume do gradiente utilizado e do tempo de centrifugação, associada com o aumento da força de centrifugação nos protocolos de Percoll, pode ser usada com sucesso na seleção espermática de sêmen congelado de ovinos. O mini-Percoll pode ser utilizado em alternativa à técnica de Percoll tradicional, diminuindo custos e tempo de manipulação do sêmen durante a técnica.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Sperm Capacitation , Sheep , Cryopreservation/veterinaryABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Freeze/thawing process reduces sperm survival and fertilizing ability of cat spermatozoa, with sperm motility being the most sensitive sperm parameter altered, due to cryo-damage. In this context, swim-up and density gradient processing methods can help to recover high motile and normal spermatozoa. Maximizing the use of frozen semen sample is essential, especially in endangered felids or high value cats in which sample size, number of samples or access to semen collection is reduced. To our knowledge, there is no previous report describing an in depth analysis of sperm motility improvement, after sperm selection techniques in frozen cat semen. Accordingly, we evaluated the effect of percoll gradient (PG) and swim up (SU) sperm selection techniques on sperm motility parameters and sperm recovery rate in frozen/thawed spermatozoa of domestic cat. Next, we evaluated the individual effect of the cat over sperm motility after PG sperm selection of frozen/thawed spermatozoa. SU and PG improved significantly all sperm motility parameters of frozen/thawed cat spermatozoa compared to simple washing. However, PG allows better sperm recovery from the original frozen sample and works mostly homogeneously among individual cats. This new information could help to maximize the use of frozen semen in endangered felids or high value domestic cats for its subsequent application on in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination.
RESUMEN: El proceso de congelación/descongelación reduce la sobrevivencia espermática y la habilidad para fertilizar en los espermatozoides de gato, siendo la motilidad espermática el parámetro más sensiblemente alterado debido al daño por frío. En este contexto, los métodos de procesamiento de swim-up y gradiente de densidad pueden ayudar a recuperar los espermatozoides normales y de alta motilidad. Maximizar el uso de una muestra de semen congelado es esencial, especialmente en felinos amenazados o en gatos de alto valor en los cuales el tamaño de muestra, número de muestras o el acceso a la colecta de semen son reducidos. Para nuestro conocimiento, no hay reportes previos que describan un análisis profundo del mejoramiento de la motilidad luego de técnicas de selección espermática en semen congelado de gato. De acuerdo a esto, evaluamos el efecto de las técnicas de selección espermática gradiente de percoll (PG) y swim up (SU) sobre los parámetros de motilidad y porcentaje de recuperación de espermatozoides congelados/descongelados de gato doméstico. Luego, evaluamos el efecto individual del gato sobre la motilidad espermática luego de la selección espermática con PG en espermatozoides congelados/descongelados. SU y PG mejoraron significativamente todos los parámetros de motilidad espermática de los espermatozoides congelados/descongelados comparado con el lavado simple. Sin embargo, PG permitió una mejor recuperación de espermatozoides desde la muestra congelada original y funcionó en su mayoría de manera homogénea entre los gatos individualmente. Esta nueva información puede ayudar a maximizar el uso del semen congelado en felinos amenazados o en gatos de alto valor para su posterior aplicación en fecundación in vitro e inseminación artificial.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cats , Sperm Motility , Cryopreservation , Sperm Retrieval/veterinary , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Semen Preservation , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Centrifugation, Density Gradient , Semen Analysis/methodsABSTRACT
Background: Researches have been conducted in order to maintain the quality of the fresh semen which is diluted, refrigerated or frozen in liquid nitrogen for artificial insemination purposes in dogs. The semen biotechnology cooperates with the development of new formulations of types of extenders which minimize the death of the sperms due to thermal stress during temperature reduction of the refrigeration and freezing curves of the semen. The objective was to study the influence of the addition of vitamin E in types of extenders in the quality of the fresh, refrigerated and frozen semen in dogs of French Bulldog breed. Materials, Methods & Results: Semen samples by digital manipulation were performed on 5 adult dogs, French bulldog breed, five on each dog, totaling 25 ejaculated. The characteristics evaluated in fresh semen were: Volume (mL), color, aspect, concentration (x106/mL), sperm motility (%), vigor (1-5) and sperm morphology (%). For refrigerated and frozen semen, motility (%), vigor (1-5) and morphology (%) were analyzed. The ejaculated ones were fractionated in 4 equal parts and diluted in the ratio 1: 1 in the following extenders: 1 TRIS - Fructose Citric acid + 200 mM of vitamin E; 2 TRIS - Fructose Citric acid; 3 - coconut water (ACP-106®) + 200 mM of vitamin E; and 4 coconut water (ACP-106®). The four aliquots of semen, diluted in the four respective extenders were centrifuged at 1500 g/10 min and the pellets formed of sperm from every ejaculated, detached from the tubes wall were diluted homogeneously with the four extenders to the volume of 1.5 mL and filled into 0.5 mL French straws kept under refrigeration at 5oC/4 h after placed in a nitrogen vapor at -120ºC/15 min, and immersed in liquidnitrogen at -196ºC in the sequence stored in identified racks and stored in liquid nitrogen container until the time of thawing in a water bath at 37ºC/30 s for microscopic semen analysis. [...]
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Sperm Motility , Semen Preservation/methods , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Vitamin E/administration & dosage , Semen Analysis/veterinary , FructoseABSTRACT
Background: New methodologies have been developed seeking to maximize pregnancy rate in female dogs created in commercial kennels, and also in order to maintain the quality of canine semen after dilution, refrigeration or freezing. One of the main factors that generate damage to sperm is oxidative stress, to minimize sperm damage, selenium and antioxidants like vitamin E are administered, by oral administration, seeking to improve the quality of semen. The objective was to study the effect of vitamin E and selenium, by oral administration, in the quality of fresh, refrigerated and frozen semen in adult dogs French Bulldog breed. Materials, Methods & Results: Semen samples were collected from 5 adult dogs, French Bulldog breed, being 2 semen drawing before the daily oral supplementation with vitamin E and selenium (ESE®) and semen drawing at 20, 40 and 60 days after the beginning of oral supplement. The ejaculated samples were diluted in TRIS - fructose citric acid (3.28 g TRIS-hydroxy-methyl-amino-methane, 1.78 g of citric acid monohydrate and 1.25 g of D - fructose, dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water and added of 20% egg yolk and 6% of glycerol. The characteristics evaluated in fresh semen were: volume (mL), color, appearance, concentration (x106 / mL), sperm motility (%), sperm strength (1 to 5) and morphology (%). For refrigerated and frozen semen were analyzed: [...]
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Dogs , Administration, Oral , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Selenium/administration & dosage , Vitamin E/administration & dosage , Antioxidants , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Dietary SupplementsABSTRACT
Background: Researches have been conducted in order to maintain the quality of the fresh semen which is diluted, refrigerated or frozen in liquid nitrogen for artificial insemination purposes in dogs. The semen biotechnology cooperates with the development of new formulations of types of extenders which minimize the death of the sperms due to thermal stress during temperature reduction of the refrigeration and freezing curves of the semen. The objective was to study the influence of the addition of vitamin E in types of extenders in the quality of the fresh, refrigerated and frozen semen in dogs of French Bulldog breed. Materials, Methods & Results: Semen samples by digital manipulation were performed on 5 adult dogs, French bulldog breed, five on each dog, totaling 25 ejaculated. The characteristics evaluated in fresh semen were: Volume (mL), color, aspect, concentration (x106/mL), sperm motility (%), vigor (1-5) and sperm morphology (%). For refrigerated and frozen semen, motility (%), vigor (1-5) and morphology (%) were analyzed. The ejaculated ones were fractionated in 4 equal parts and diluted in the ratio 1: 1 in the following extenders: 1 TRIS - Fructose Citric acid + 200 mM of vitamin E; 2 TRIS - Fructose Citric acid; 3 - coconut water (ACP-106®) + 200 mM of vitamin E; and 4 coconut water (ACP-106®). The four aliquots of semen, diluted in the four respective extenders were centrifuged at 1500 g/10 min and the pellets formed of sperm from every ejaculated, detached from the tubes wall were diluted homogeneously with the four extenders to the volume of 1.5 mL and filled into 0.5 mL French straws kept under refrigeration at 5oC/4 h after placed in a nitrogen vapor at -120ºC/15 min, and immersed in liquidnitrogen at -196ºC in the sequence stored in identified racks and stored in liquid nitrogen container until the time of thawing in a water bath at 37ºC/30 s for microscopic semen analysis. [...](AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Semen Preservation/methods , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Vitamin E/administration & dosage , Sperm Motility , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Semen Analysis/veterinary , FructoseABSTRACT
Background: New methodologies have been developed seeking to maximize pregnancy rate in female dogs created in commercial kennels, and also in order to maintain the quality of canine semen after dilution, refrigeration or freezing. One of the main factors that generate damage to sperm is oxidative stress, to minimize sperm damage, selenium and antioxidants like vitamin E are administered, by oral administration, seeking to improve the quality of semen. The objective was to study the effect of vitamin E and selenium, by oral administration, in the quality of fresh, refrigerated and frozen semen in adult dogs French Bulldog breed. Materials, Methods & Results: Semen samples were collected from 5 adult dogs, French Bulldog breed, being 2 semen drawing before the daily oral supplementation with vitamin E and selenium (ESE®) and semen drawing at 20, 40 and 60 days after the beginning of oral supplement. The ejaculated samples were diluted in TRIS - fructose citric acid (3.28 g TRIS-hydroxy-methyl-amino-methane, 1.78 g of citric acid monohydrate and 1.25 g of D - fructose, dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water and added of 20% egg yolk and 6% of glycerol. The characteristics evaluated in fresh semen were: volume (mL), color, appearance, concentration (x106 / mL), sperm motility (%), sperm strength (1 to 5) and morphology (%). For refrigerated and frozen semen were analyzed: [...](AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Dogs , Selenium/administration & dosage , Vitamin E/administration & dosage , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Administration, Oral , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Dietary Supplements , AntioxidantsABSTRACT
Com o objetivo de se estudar o efeito do tipo de envase sobre a criopreservação do sêmen asinino, coletado de forma fracionada, utilizou-se o sêmen de cinco jumentos da raça Pêga, submetido a um protocolo de congelamento envolvendo um diluidor e duas formas de envase, flatpacks ou palhetas de 0,55mL, tendo como ponto final a avaliação dos parâmetros seminais in vitro após o descongelamento do sêmen. Os resultados de motilidade espermática para as amostras envasadas em flatpacks ou em palhetas foram de 24,67% e 35,34%, no momento do descongelamento; de 13,39% e 25,83%, 60 minutos após o descongelamento; e de 7,86% e 13,33%, aos 120 minutos após o descongelamento, respectivamente. Já os valores para o vigor espermático foram de 2,55 e 3,33, no momento do descongelamento; de 1,57 e 2,48, após 60 minutos do descongelamento; e de 1,11 e 1,67, após 120 minutos do descongelamento, na mesma ordem anterior. As características seminais diferiram entre os jumentos, evidenciando uma grande variação individual. O percentual de ejaculados aprovados (motilidade ≥30%, vigor ≥3) foi influenciado pelo reprodutor e pelo tipo de envasamento, estando o melhor resultado (P<0,05), de 86,21%, associado ao sêmen envasado em palhetas, quando comparado ao valor de 56,67%, obtido para o sêmen envasado em flatpacks.
The effect of the type of package on the cryopreservation of jackass semen was studied, using the sperm-rich fraction of five jackasses and a special cryopreservation semen protocol, related to one extender and two different packages, FlatPacks or straws. The characteristics of the in vitro semen were evaluated after thawing. The motility results were 24.67% and 35.34% after thawing; 13.39% and 25.83% 60 minutes after thawing and 7.86% and 13.33%, 120 minutes after thawing. The vigor results were 2.55 and 3.33 after thawing, 1.57 and 2.48 60 minutes after thawing and 1.11 and 1.67 120 minutes after thawing, for FlatPacks or straws packages, respectively. The jackasses used were different regarding seminal characteristics, with great individual variation. The approved post-thaw viability (motility ≥ 30%, vigor ≥ 3) was affected by jackass and type of package, with the best results (P<0.05) for semen packed in straws (86.21%), compared to semen packed in FlatPacks (56.67%).
Subject(s)
Semen Analysis/veterinary , Cryopreservation/methods , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Equidae , Sperm Motility , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Reproductive Techniques/veterinaryABSTRACT
Com o objetivo de se estudar o efeito do tipo de envase sobre a criopreservação do sêmen asinino, coletado de forma fracionada, utilizou-se o sêmen de cinco jumentos da raça Pêga, submetido a um protocolo de congelamento envolvendo um diluidor e duas formas de envase, flatpacks ou palhetas de 0,55mL, tendo como ponto final a avaliação dos parâmetros seminais in vitro após o descongelamento do sêmen. Os resultados de motilidade espermática para as amostras envasadas em flatpacks ou em palhetas foram de 24,67% e 35,34%, no momento do descongelamento; de 13,39% e 25,83%, 60 minutos após o descongelamento; e de 7,86% e 13,33%, aos 120 minutos após o descongelamento, respectivamente. Já os valores para o vigor espermático foram de 2,55 e 3,33, no momento do descongelamento; de 1,57 e 2,48, após 60 minutos do descongelamento; e de 1,11 e 1,67, após 120 minutos do descongelamento, na mesma ordem anterior. As características seminais diferiram entre os jumentos, evidenciando uma grande variação individual. O percentual de ejaculados aprovados (motilidade ≥30%, vigor ≥3) foi influenciado pelo reprodutor e pelo tipo de envasamento, estando o melhor resultado (P<0,05), de 86,21%, associado ao sêmen envasado em palhetas, quando comparado ao valor de 56,67%, obtido para o sêmen envasado em flatpacks.(AU)
The effect of the type of package on the cryopreservation of jackass semen was studied, using the sperm-rich fraction of five jackasses and a special cryopreservation semen protocol, related to one extender and two different packages, FlatPacks or straws. The characteristics of the in vitro semen were evaluated after thawing. The motility results were 24.67% and 35.34% after thawing; 13.39% and 25.83% 60 minutes after thawing and 7.86% and 13.33%, 120 minutes after thawing. The vigor results were 2.55 and 3.33 after thawing, 1.57 and 2.48 60 minutes after thawing and 1.11 and 1.67 120 minutes after thawing, for FlatPacks or straws packages, respectively. The jackasses used were different regarding seminal characteristics, with great individual variation. The approved post-thaw viability (motility ≥ 30%, vigor ≥ 3) was affected by jackass and type of package, with the best results (P<0.05) for semen packed in straws (86.21%), compared to semen packed in FlatPacks (56.67%).(AU)
Subject(s)
Equidae , Cryopreservation/methods , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Sperm Motility , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Reproductive Techniques/veterinaryABSTRACT
Salminus brasiliensis is a migratory fish that has attracted considerable interest for aquaculture. Several procedures for induced spawning are known; however, there is a lack of protocol which enables the use of cryopreserved semen. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the use of cryopreserved semen using different volumes of cryopreserved semen relative to oocytes, different activators solutions and different maintenance time during the fertilization of dourado to evaluate the impact of these parameters on the fertilization rate. The semen was collected, cryopreserved in 0.5mL straws and stored in a dry shipper. Oocytes samples were fertilized according to each treatment. The different activator solutions and the contact times of the gametes with activators affected significantly the fertilization rates, which ranged between 13.4 and 27.8%, while fresh semen fertility rate was 80.8%. The relationship between oocyte and cryopreserved semen was significant, being the best ratio 0.05mL of cryopreserved semen per 10g of oocytes, while upper or lower volumes promoted a reduction in fertilization. The use of cryopreserved semen was effective to fertilize S. brasiliensis oocytes, however produced lower fertility rate than fresh semen.
O dourado, Salminus brasiliensis, é um peixe migrador que tem despertado interesse para piscicultura. Os procedimentos convencionais para a sua reprodução são conhecidos, contudo, falta um protocolo para o uso do sêmen criopreservado. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar diferentes volumes de sêmen criopreservado, ouso de diferentes soluções ativadoras e com diferentes tempos de contato do sêmen com os ovócitos na taxa de fertilização. Para tal, o sêmen foi coletado e criopreservado em palhetas de 0,5mL em vapor de nitrogênio líquido. Amostras de ovócitos foram fertilizadas conforme os distintos tratamentos. As diferentes soluções testadas e o tempo de contato dos ativadores afetaram significativamente as taxas de fertilização, com valores que variaram entre 13,4 e 27,8%, enquanto o sêmen fresco propiciou 80,8% de taxa de fertilização. O volume de sêmen criopreservado afetou a taxa de fertilização dos ovos, sendo 0,05mL para 10g de ovócitos, o que promoveu os melhores resultados, sendo que volumes superiores e inferiores promoveram redução na fertilização. O uso de sêmen criopreservado foi efetivo na fertilização dos ovócitos de dourado, no entanto, foram obtidas taxas de fertilização inferiores àquelas observadas com o uso de sêmen fresco.
ABSTRACT
Salminus brasiliensis is a migratory fish that has attracted considerable interest for aquaculture. Several procedures for induced spawning are known; however, there is a lack of protocol which enables the use of cryopreserved semen. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the use of cryopreserved semen using different volumes of cryopreserved semen relative to oocytes, different activators solutions and different maintenance time during the fertilization of dourado to evaluate the impact of these parameters on the fertilization rate. The semen was collected, cryopreserved in 0.5mL straws and stored in a dry shipper. Oocytes samples were fertilized according to each treatment. The different activator solutions and the contact times of the gametes with activators affected significantly the fertilization rates, which ranged between 13.4 and 27.8%, while fresh semen fertility rate was 80.8%. The relationship between oocyte and cryopreserved semen was significant, being the best ratio 0.05mL of cryopreserved semen per 10g of oocytes, while upper or lower volumes promoted a reduction in fertilization. The use of cryopreserved semen was effective to fertilize S. brasiliensis oocytes, however produced lower fertility rate than fresh semen.(AU)
O dourado, Salminus brasiliensis, é um peixe migrador que tem despertado interesse para piscicultura. Os procedimentos convencionais para a sua reprodução são conhecidos, contudo, falta um protocolo para o uso do sêmen criopreservado. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar diferentes volumes de sêmen criopreservado, ouso de diferentes soluções ativadoras e com diferentes tempos de contato do sêmen com os ovócitos na taxa de fertilização. Para tal, o sêmen foi coletado e criopreservado em palhetas de 0,5mL em vapor de nitrogênio líquido. Amostras de ovócitos foram fertilizadas conforme os distintos tratamentos. As diferentes soluções testadas e o tempo de contato dos ativadores afetaram significativamente as taxas de fertilização, com valores que variaram entre 13,4 e 27,8%, enquanto o sêmen fresco propiciou 80,8% de taxa de fertilização. O volume de sêmen criopreservado afetou a taxa de fertilização dos ovos, sendo 0,05mL para 10g de ovócitos, o que promoveu os melhores resultados, sendo que volumes superiores e inferiores promoveram redução na fertilização. O uso de sêmen criopreservado foi efetivo na fertilização dos ovócitos de dourado, no entanto, foram obtidas taxas de fertilização inferiores àquelas observadas com o uso de sêmen fresco.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Fisheries/methods , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Fishes/growth & development , FertilizationABSTRACT
The preservation of animal genetic biodiversity is fundamental to food security. Santa Ines (SI) is an important native Brazilian hair sheep breed that should be preserved by biotechnologies of selection, conservation and multiplication. The molecular biotechnology identify genes of interest that have an impact on the reproductive, productive and health performance, adding value to these animals, while reproduction biotechnologies, especially semen cryopreservation and artificial insemination, are used for multiplication, conservation and dissemination of this germplasm. Activities related to the conservation and adding value to SI should continue to be stimulated otherwise an irretrievable loss of its originality and genetic diversity can happen.
A preservação da biodiversidade genética dos animais é fundamental para a segurança alimentar. O ovino Santa Inês (SI) é um importante patrimônio genético autóctone brasileiro que deve ser conservado através do uso de biotecnologias para seleção, conservação e multiplicação. As biotecnologias moleculares identificam genes de interesse que têm impacto sobre o desempenho reprodutivo, produtivo e sanitário, agregando valores a estes animais, enquanto que, as biotecnologias da reprodução, em especial a criopreservação do sêmen e inseminação artificial, são utilizadas para a multiplicação, conservação e disseminação deste germoplasma. As atividades relacionadas à conservação e agregação de valores ao ovino SI devem continuar sendo estimuladas sob pena de uma irrecuperável perda da sua originalidade e diversidade genética.
Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Genetic Engineering , Sheep , Genetic Variation , Genetic Markers , Reproductive Techniques/veterinaryABSTRACT
The techniques applied to animal reproduction such as artificial insemination, transfer and in vitro production of embryos, heat synchronization and induction, and gametes cryopreservation have been more utilized in veterinary practice each day. Nevertheless, some techniques have not achieved their full technical capacity within the equine reproduction field, such as semen cryopreservation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of post-thawing semen (total motility, strength, plasmatic and acrosomal membrane integrity) of Mangalarga Marchador breed stallions, using three different extenders (Botucrio, FR5 and FR6). Ejaculates from five stallions were collected and the gel-free semen was diluted in a 1:1 dilution in skim milk extender, and centrifuged at 600 g for 10 minutes. After the centrifugation the supernatant was removed and sperm pellet was divided and re-suspended using three different extenders to a concentration of 200 x 106 cells/mL. The samples were packed into 0.5 mL straws, placed in a stainless steel support and kept inside the refrigerator (5 oC) for one hour. Subsequently, these straws were kept at a height of 6 cm from liquid nitrogen for 15 minutes in an isotherm box and, after that, plunged into liquid nitrogen (-196 oC) and stored in a liquid nitrogen holding tank. There were no differences in theparameters evaluated when extenders using mixed amides and glycerol (Botucrio and FR6) were used (P > 0.05). All parameters evaluated were lower for the extender containing only glycerol (P<0.05). The use of cryoprotectants (methylformamide and (imethylformamide) in associationwith glycerol concentrations around 1 to 2% is an alternative for semen cryopreservation of Mangalarga Marchador breed stallions.
As biotécnicas aplicadas à reprodução animal como inseminação artificial, transferência e produção in vitro de embriões, indução e sincronização de cio e congelamento de gametas vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizadas na prática veterinária. No entanto, algumas biotécnicas ainda não alcançaram o seu total aperfeiçoamento técnico na reprodução equina, como a criopreservação de sêmen. Objetivou-se avaliar as características pós-descongelamento (motilidade total, vigor e integridade de membrana plasmática e acrosomal) dos espermatozoides de garanhões da raça Mangalarga Marchador (n=5), empregando-se três diluentes de criopreservação. Após a colheita, o sêmen foi diluído na proporção de 1:1 em meio à base de leite em pó desnatado e centrifugado a 600 G por 10 minutos. Após a centrifugação, o sobrenadante foi desprezado e o pellet obtido dividido e ressuspendido com Botucrio, FR5 ou FR6. As amostras foram envasadas em palhetas de 0,5 mL sendo a concentração ajustada para 200x106 espermatozoides/mL. As palhetas foram distribuídas em uma plataforma-suporte e estabilizadas a 5 ºC/60 min., em refrigerador comercial. Para o congelamento, as palhetas, posicionadas horizontalmente, foram expostas por 15 minutos ao vapor de nitrogênio líquido, em uma caixa de isopor, a 6 cm acima do nível de nitrogênio líquido. [...]
Subject(s)
Animals , Horses/embryology , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Semen Preservation/methods , Reproduction , Semen/physiology , Amides , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Cryoprotective Agents/analysis , Glycerol/administration & dosage , Insemination, Artificial/veterinaryABSTRACT
title>Abstract /title> p>The techniques applied to animal reproduction such as artificial insemination, transfer and italic>in vitro /italic> production of embryos, heat synchronization and induction, and gametes cryopreservation have been more utilized in veterinary practice each day. Nevertheless, some techniques have not achieved their full technical capacity within the equine reproduction field, such as semen cryopreservation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of post-thawing semen (total motility, strength, plasmatic and acrosomal membrane integrity) of Mangalarga Marchador breed stallions, using three different extenders (Botucrio, FR5 and FR6). Ejaculates from five stallions were collected and the gel-free semen was diluted in a 1:1 dilution in skim milk extender, and centrifuged at 600 g for 10 minutes. After the centrifugation the supernatant was removed and sperm pellet was divided and re-suspended using three different extenders to a concentration of 200 x 10 sup>6 /sup> cells/mL. The samples were packed into 0.5 mL straws, placed in a stainless steel support and kept inside the refrigerator (5 ºC) for one hour. Subsequently, these straws were kept at a height of 6 cm from liquid nitrogen for 15 minutes in an isotherm box and, after that, plunged into liquid nitrogen (-196 ºC) and stored in a liquid nitrogen holding tank. There were no differences in the parameters evaluated when extenders using mixed amides and glycerol (Botucrio and FR6) were used (P > 0.05). All parameters evaluated were lower for the extender containing only glycerol (P 0.05). The use of cryoprotectants (methylformamide and dimethylformamide) in association with glycerol concentrations around 1 to 2% is an alternative for semen cryopreservation of Mangalarga Marchador breed stallions. /p>
title>Resumo /title> p>As biotécnicas aplicadas à reprodução animal como inseminação artificial, transferência e produção italic>in vitro /italic> de embriões, indução e sincronização de cio e congelamento de gametas vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizadas na prática veterinária. No entanto, algumas biotécnicas ainda não alcançaram o seu total aperfeiçoamento técnico na reprodução equina, como a criopreservação de sêmen. Objetivou-se avaliar as características pós-descongelamento (motilidade total, vigor e integridade de membrana plasmática e acrosomal) dos espermatozoides de garanhões da raça Mangalarga Marchador (n=5), empregando-se três diluentes de criopreservação. Após a colheita, o sêmen foi diluído na proporção de 1:1 em meio à base de leite em pó desnatado e centrifugado a 600 G por 10 minutos. Após a centrifugação, o sobrenadante foi desprezado e o italic>pellet /italic> obtido dividido e ressuspendido com Botucrio, FR5 ou FR6. As amostras foram envasadas em palhetas de 0,5 mL sendo a concentração ajustada para 200x10 sup>6 /sup>espermatozoides/mL. As palhetas foram distribuídas em uma plataforma-suporte e estabilizadas a 5 ºC/60 min., em refrigerador comercial. Para o congelamento, as palhetas, posicionadas horizontalmente, foram expostas por 15 minutos ao vapor de nitrogênio líquido, em uma caixa de isopor, a 6 cm acima do nível de nitrogênio líquido. Logo em seguida, as palhetas foram imersas no nitrogênio líquido, acondicionadas em raques e estocadas em botijão criogênico a -196 ºC, para posterior avaliação. Não houve diferença para as variáveis motilidade, vigor e integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomais quando se utilizaram diluentes que contêm a associação de amidas e glicerol (Botucrio e FR6; P>0,05). As variáveis seminais no diluente contendo apenas glicerol foram inferiores em todas as avaliações (P 0,05). A utilização de crioprotetores como a metilformamida, em associação com concentrações de 1 ou 2% de glicerol é uma alternativa para a criopreservação do sêmen de garanhões da raça Mangalarga Marchador. /p>
ABSTRACT
The preservation of animal genetic biodiversity is fundamental to food security. Santa Ines (SI) is an important native Brazilian hair sheep breed that should be preserved by biotechnologies of selection, conservation and multiplication. The molecular biotechnology identify genes of interest that have an impact on the reproductive, productive and health performance, adding value to these animals, while reproduction biotechnologies, especially semen cryopreservation and artificial insemination, are used for multiplication, conservation and dissemination of this germplasm. Activities related to the conservation and adding value to SI should continue to be stimulated otherwise an irretrievable loss of its originality and genetic diversity can happen.(AU)
A preservação da biodiversidade genética dos animais é fundamental para a segurança alimentar. O ovino Santa Inês (SI) é um importante patrimônio genético autóctone brasileiro que deve ser conservado através do uso de biotecnologias para seleção, conservação e multiplicação. As biotecnologias moleculares identificam genes de interesse que têm impacto sobre o desempenho reprodutivo, produtivo e sanitário, agregando valores a estes animais, enquanto que, as biotecnologias da reprodução, em especial a criopreservação do sêmen e inseminação artificial, são utilizadas para a multiplicação, conservação e disseminação deste germoplasma. As atividades relacionadas à conservação e agregação de valores ao ovino SI devem continuar sendo estimuladas sob pena de uma irrecuperável perda da sua originalidade e diversidade genética.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep , Genetic Engineering , Genetic Variation , Biodiversity , Genetic Markers , Reproductive Techniques/veterinaryABSTRACT
A eficácia da utilização de sêmen ovino congelado em programas de inseminação artificial necessita do desenvolvimento de diluidores e protocolos de congelação que melhorem a taxa de gestação das fêmeas inseminadas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer um levantamento dos principais diluidores, aditivos, crioprotetores penetrantes e não penetrantes que veem sendo empregados, visando incrementar os níveis de manutenção dos parâmetros espermáticos, após o processo de congelação-descongelação. Pode-se considerar que índices superiores de viabilidade do sêmen ovino pós-descongelação podem ser obtidos com alterações na composição do meio de congelação, seja com ajustes dos seus componentes, seja com a introdução de aditivos que inibam a ocorrência de alterações espermáticas durante o processo de criopreservação. Para tanto, as possíveis modificações propostas devem contemplar as características intrínsecas do sêmen da espécie e a variabilidade individual entre animais. É importante ressaltar que um adequado processo de criopreservação do sêmen necessita que todas as etapas sejam conduzidas de forma integrada, para que, dessa forma, sejam maximizados os índices de fertilidade do sêmen ovino congelado.
The effectiveness of using frozen sheep semen in artificial insemination programs requires the development of extenders and freezing protocols that will increase pregnancy rate of inseminated females. This work aimed to survey the main extenders, additives and external and internal cryoprotectants that have been employed to improve the maintenance levels of sperm parameters after the freezing-thawing process. Better rates of post-thawing sheep sperm viability may be obtained with changes in the freezing extender composition, whether by the adjustment of its components or by introducing additives that inhibit the occurrence of sperm changes during the cryopreservation process. Thus, the possible changes proposed must take into consideration the intrinsic characteristics of ram semen and the individual variability among animals. It is important to emphasize that the sperm cryopreservation effectiveness requires that all process steps are conducted in an integrated manner, to maximize the fertility rate of frozen ram semen.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cryopreservation/methods , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Sheep , Sperm Retrieval/veterinary , Semen/drug effectsABSTRACT
A eficácia da utilização de sêmen ovino congelado em programas de inseminação artificial necessita do desenvolvimento de diluidores e protocolos de congelação que melhorem a taxa de gestação das fêmeas inseminadas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer um levantamento dos principais diluidores, aditivos, crioprotetores penetrantes e não penetrantes que veem sendo empregados, visando incrementar os níveis de manutenção dos parâmetros espermáticos, após o processo de congelação-descongelação. Pode-se considerar que índices superiores de viabilidade do sêmen ovino pós-descongelação podem ser obtidos com alterações na composição do meio de congelação, seja com ajustes dos seus componentes, seja com a introdução de aditivos que inibam a ocorrência de alterações espermáticas durante o processo de criopreservação. Para tanto, as possíveis modificações propostas devem contemplar as características intrínsecas do sêmen da espécie e a variabilidade individual entre animais. É importante ressaltar que um adequado processo de criopreservação do sêmen necessita que todas as etapas sejam conduzidas de forma integrada, para que, dessa forma, sejam maximizados os índices de fertilidade do sêmen ovino congelado.(AU)
The effectiveness of using frozen sheep semen in artificial insemination programs requires the development of extenders and freezing protocols that will increase pregnancy rate of inseminated females. This work aimed to survey the main extenders, additives and external and internal cryoprotectants that have been employed to improve the maintenance levels of sperm parameters after the freezing-thawing process. Better rates of post-thawing sheep sperm viability may be obtained with changes in the freezing extender composition, whether by the adjustment of its components or by introducing additives that inhibit the occurrence of sperm changes during the cryopreservation process. Thus, the possible changes proposed must take into consideration the intrinsic characteristics of ram semen and the individual variability among animals. It is important to emphasize that the sperm cryopreservation effectiveness requires that all process steps are conducted in an integrated manner, to maximize the fertility rate of frozen ram semen.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep , Cryopreservation/methods , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Semen/drug effects , Sperm Retrieval/veterinaryABSTRACT
As lipoproteínas de baixa densidade são consideradas as principais responsáveis pelo papel protetor da gema do ovo de galinha na criopreservação de espermatozoides em mamíferos. A extração dessas lipoproteínas éum método fácil, rápido e eficiente, porém é importante enfatizar seus pontos críticos, a fim de se evitarem falhas durante o processo e uma possível contaminação da fração lipoproteica. Vários experimentos têm testado o uso de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade adicionadas aos meios diluidores em substituição à gema do ovo total. Os resultados mostram que meios contendo as lipoproteínas de baixa densidade são capazes de preservar parâmetrosespermáticos como motilidade, integridade estrutural e funcional das membranas e fertilidade. O objetivo desta revisão é discutir os pontos críticos da metodologia de extração das lipoproteínas de baixa densidade, bem como aspesquisas existentes sobre o uso de meios diluidores contendo essas lipoproteínas no congelamento de sêmen.
Low density lipoproteins (LDL) are considered largely responsible for the protective action of hens egg yolk in cryopreservation of mammalian spermatozoa. The LDL extraction is an easy, fast, and efficient method, but it is important to emphasize its critical points, in order to prevent failures during the process and possible contamination of purified LDL fraction. Many studies have been evaluating the use of LDL added in seminal extenders replacing whole egg yolk. Results have shown that LDL extenders are capable to preserve spermatic parameters such as motility, structural and functional membranes integrity, and fertility. The aim of this review is to discuss critical steps of the extraction methodology of low density lipoproteins, as well as researches developed for testing its use in frozen-thawed semen.