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1.
Neurocirugía (Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir.) ; 34(3): 112-121, mayo - jun. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-219968

ABSTRACT

Introduction The aim of this project is to study several anatomical-radiological features of pituitary adenomas obtained from preoperative radiological images and to analyze their relationship with the extent of resection achieved through the endoscopic endonasal approach. The second objective was to create a prediction model of the extent of resection. Material and methods We retrospectively evaluated 105 patients. Tumor volume, Knosp grade, suprasellar-diaphragm coefficient and invasion of the posterior compartment have been analyzed. The extent of resection was assessed by analyzing the postoperative magnetic resonance. We created the predictive scale using statistically independent variables. Results When each of the variables has been studied individually, a statistically significant value of all of them is appreciated to obtain a complete resection. However, only the Knosp grade and the suprasellar-diaphragm coefficient had a statistically significant value as independent variables. The sum of the Odds Ratio obtained from the Knosp scale, and the suprasellar-diaphragm coefficient gives the probability of complete resection. A new set of cases was employed to validate the scale. Conclusions The cavernous sinus invasion and the newly designed suprasellar diaphragm coefficient are directly related to the extent of resection in pituitary adenoma surgery performed by a transellar endoscopic approach. Moreover, based on both radiologic factors, a predictive scale may predict the probability of complete resection in a series of patients (AU)


Introducción El objetivo principal de este proyecto es estudiar diversas variables anatomo-radiológicas de los adenomas hipofisarios obtenidas a partir de imágenes radiológicas preoperatorias y analizar su relación con el grado de resección logrado mediante el abordaje endoscopio endonasal. El segundo objetivo ha sido crear un modelo de predicción del grado de resección tumoral. Material y métodos Se ha evaluado retrospectivamente a 105 pacientes, analizando el volumen tumoral, el grado de Knosp, el coeficiente supraselar-diafragma y la invasión del compartimento posterior. El grado de resección se ha evaluado mediante el análisis de la resonancia magnética postoperatoria. Se ha creado la escala predictiva empleando variables estadísticamente independientes. Resultados Al estudiar cada una de las variables de forma individual, se aprecia un valor estadísticamente significativo en cada una de ellas para obtener una resección completa. Sin embargo, tan solo el grado de Knosp y el coeficiente supraselar-diafragma tuvieron un valor estadísticamente significativo como variables independientes. Empleando la suma de la odds ratio obtenida de la escala Knosp y el coeficiente supraselar-diafragma, se ha obtenido la probabilidad de resección completa. Se ha empleado un nuevo conjunto de casos para validar la escala. Conclusiones La invasión del seno cavernoso y el coeficiente supraselar-diafragma son variables que están directamente relacionadas con el grado de resección en la cirugía de adenoma hipofisario realizada mediante un abordaje endoscópico transellar. Además, basándose en ambos factores radiológicos, se ha creado una escala predictiva que permite predecir la probabilidad de resección completa en una serie de pacientes (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Adenoma/diagnostic imaging , Adenoma/surgery , Pituitary Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Treatment Outcome , Retrospective Studies
2.
Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed) ; 34(3): 112-121, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36774259

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this project is to study several anatomical-radiological features of pituitary adenomas obtained from preoperative radiological images and to analyze their relationship with the extent of resection achieved through the endoscopic endonasal approach. The second objective was to create a prediction model of the extent of resection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 105 patients. Tumor volume, Knosp grade, suprasellar-diaphragm coefficient and invasion of the posterior compartment have been analyzed. The extent of resection was assessed by analyzing the postoperative magnetic resonance. We created the predictive scale using statistically independent variables. RESULTS: When each of the variables has been studied individually, a statistically significant value of all of them is appreciated to obtain a complete resection. However, only the Knosp grade and the suprasellar-diaphragm coefficient had a statistically significant value as independent variables. The sum of the Odds Ratio obtained from the Knosp scale, and the suprasellar-diaphragm coefficient gives the probability of complete resection. A new set of cases was employed to validate the scale. CONCLUSIONS: The cavernous sinus invasion and the newly designed suprasellar diaphragm coefficient are directly related to the extent of resection in pituitary adenoma surgery performed by a transellar endoscopic approach. Moreover, based on both radiologic factors, a predictive scale may predict the probability of complete resection in a series of patients.


Subject(s)
Adenoma , Pituitary Neoplasms , Humans , Pituitary Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery , Pituitary Neoplasms/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods , Microsurgery/methods , Adenoma/diagnostic imaging , Adenoma/surgery , Adenoma/pathology
3.
Cir Cir ; 91(1): 94-99, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36787622

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although the cavernous sinus (CS) has been studied since 1695, its anatomy and name are still under discussion. METHOD: Anatomy and histology of 40 CS from human cadavers were studied, included both from a newborn specimen. RESULTS: Two walls limit the CS, an inferior medial one composed only of the dura's outer layer and a superior lateral one consisting of both dura's layers. Sinusoidal veins pass through the lateral wall of the CS as a transition between venous tributaries and the CS. An endothelial layer covers the inner surface of the CS and the outer surface of the internal carotid artery. The space within the CS shows trabeculae, which are rarer in adults compared to the newborn. The loss of trabeculae in the CS may be a natural process along with life. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the CS is a real sinus, and the term "cavernous sinus" is appropriately applied.


ANTECEDENTES: Si bien el seno cavernoso (SC) ha sido estudiado desde 1695, su anatomía y nombre aún están bajo discusión. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron la anatomía y la histología de 40 SC de cadáveres humanos, incluyendo los dos de un recién nacido. RESULTADOS: El SC está limitado por dos paredes, una inferomedial compuesta solo por la capa más externa de la duramadre y otra superolateral compuesta por ambas capas de la duramadre. Hay venas sinusoidales que atraviesan la pared lateral del SC formando una transición entre venas tributarias y el SC. Una capa endotelial recubre la superficie interna del SC y la superficie externa de la arteria carótida interna. El espacio dentro del SC presenta trabéculas, las cuales son escasas en el adulto en comparación con el recién nacido. La pérdida de trabéculas en el SC puede ser un proceso natural a lo largo de la vida. CONCLUSIONES: En conclusión, el SC es un verdadero seno, por lo que el término «seno cavernoso¼ se aplica de forma correcta.


Subject(s)
Carotid Artery, Internal , Cavernous Sinus , Adult , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Cavernous Sinus/anatomy & histology , Cadaver
4.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515142

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La apoplejía hipofisaria es un síndrome que se produce como consecuencia de una lesión isquémica o hemorrágica en la glándula pituitaria dando lugar a un déficit de hormonas hipofisarias. Se manifiesta en forma de deterioro neurológico con cefalea en trueno como síntoma prínceps, siendo la irritación meníngea una manifestación infrecuente. Métodos: Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 53 años con antecedente de madroadenoma productor de prolactina que comienza con cefalea, náuseas y deterioro de nivel de consciencia. Se detecta un hipopituitarismo incompleto con nivel de cortisol normal. El líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) es consistente con una pleocitosis aséptica sin respuesta a terapias antibióticas. Asocia paresia oculomotora y una RM craneal revela sangrado en el adenoma hipofisario con compromiso de seno cavernoso. Resultados: la sospecha inicial es una meningoencefalitis bacteriana por la fiebre, estupor y LCR con pleocitosis, si bien no se identifica microorganismo y no hay respuesta a antibióticos. El LCR de la apoplejía muestra una pleocitosis aséptica por irritación meníngea del espacio subaracnoideo por el sangrado y la necrosis de la glándula. El hipopituitarismo puede ser parcial o completo, siendo más frecuente el déficit selectivo. Especial atención merece el déficit de ACTH por la morbimortalidad que conlleva el fallo adrenal. La oftalmoparesia traduce implicación de seno cavernoso por incremento en la presión selar. Conclusiones: Destacamos la importancia de tener una sospecha diagnóstica de apoplejía ante un cuadro neurológico agudo para dirigir las investigaciones pertinentes con determinación hormonal y así iniciar una terapia sustitutiva temprana y una actitud neuroquirúrgica en caso de ser necesaria; precisando un manejo multidisciplinar.


Introduction: Pituitary apoplexy is a syndrome that occurs as a result of an ischemic or hemorrhagic lesion in the pituitary gland, leading to a deficiency of pituitary hormones. It manifests in the form of neurological deterioration with thunderclap headache as the main symptom, with meningeal irritation being an infrequent manifestation. Methods: We present the case of a 53-year-old woman with a history of prolactin-producing madroadenoma that began with headache, nausea and impaired level of consciousness. Incomplete hypopituitarism with normal cortisol level is detected. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is consistent with an aseptic pleocytosis unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. It is associated with oculomotor paresis and a cranial MRI reveals bleeding in the pituitary adenoma with involvement of the cavernous sinus. Results: the initial suspicion is bacterial meningoencephalitis due to fever, stupor and CSF with pleocytosis, although no microorganism is identified and there is no response to antibiotics. CSF from stroke shows aseptic pleocytosis due to meningeal irritation of the subarachnoid space from bleeding and necrosis of the gland. Hypopituitarism can be partial or complete, selective deficiency being more frequent. ACTH deficiency deserves special attention due to the morbidity and mortality that adrenal failure entails. Ophthalmoparesis translates involvement of the cavernous sinus due to an increase in sellar pressure. Conclusions: We emphasize the importance of having a suspected diagnosis of apoplexy in case of an acute neurological condition, to direct the pertinent investigations with hormonal determination and thus initiate early replacement therapy and a neurosurgical approach if necessary; requiring a multidisciplinary management.

5.
Neurocirugía (Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir.) ; 33(6): 377-382, nov.-dic. 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-212999

ABSTRACT

Las lesiones traumáticas penetrantes transorbitarias-intracraneanas son infrecuentes en población pediátrica, pudiendo ocurrir en el contexto de accidentes domésticos, deportivos o escolares. Pueden extenderse a la base del cráneo y comprometer estructuras vasculares como el seno cavernoso y carótida interna. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 6 años de edad, que sufre lesión penetrante transorbitaria intracraneal con un lápiz de madera, con trayecto cruzado desde borde medial de órbita izquierda, transetmoidal y transesfenoidal, ingresando a región selar derecha e improntando a arteria carótida derecha (porción cavernosa). Luego de los estudios prequirúrgicos, se realizó extirpación de cuerpo extraño con cirugía endoscópica+control endovascular en caso de lesión carotidea. Posterior a resecar cuerpo extraño, se reparó fístula de LCR evidenciada intraoperatoriamente. La paciente se recuperó adecuadamente, sin déficit neurológico, sin fístula postoperatoria de LCR, sin infección del SNC ni alteración oculomotora (AU)


Transorbitary intracranial penetrating traumatic injuries are uncommon in the pediatric population, and may occur in the context of domestic, sporting or school accidents. They can extend to skull base and compromise vascular structures such as cavernous sinus and internal carotid. We present a case of 6 years-old girl that suffered an intracranial transorbital penetrating injury with a wooden pencil that crossed from the medial edge of left orbit, transetmoidal and trans-sphenoidal, entering the right sellar region and leaving its end in contact with carotid artery (cavernous segment). After pre-surgical studies, foreign body removal was performed with endoscopic surgery+endovascular control in case of carotid injury. After removing the foreign body, a CSF fistula occurred and was repaired. Patient recovered adequately, without neurological deficit, without postoperative CSF fistula, without CNS infection or oculomotor alteration (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Cavernous Sinus/injuries , Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnostic imaging , Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging , Orbit/injuries , Cavernous Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Foreign Bodies/surgery
6.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 38(4): 219-223, oct.-dic. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1419936

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de Tolosa-Hunt (STH) se caracteriza por una oftalmoplejía dolorosa, de etiología desconocida. De acuerdo con los hallazgos histopatológicos, se ha descrito la formación de un tejido granulomatoso en los senos cavernosos. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: Una mujer de 22 años con cuadro clínico de 3 semanas de evolución caracterizado por cefalea hemicránea derecha, dolor ocular derecho y diplopía. Su examen físico evidenció la existencia de una oftalmoplejía derecha; la resonancia magnética (RM) de silla turca demostró engrosamiento y realce en la región del seno cavernoso derecho. Se presenta el caso clínico de una causa inusual de oftalmoplejía dolorosa. DISCUSIÓN: La oftalmoplejía dolorosa tiene múltiples diagnósticos diferenciales que incluyen causas neoplá-sicas, vasculares, inflamatorias e infecciosas que pueden afectar el seno cavernoso o la fisura orbitaria superior. El STH, que es una causa rara de oftalmoplejía dolorosa, sigue siendo un diagnóstico de exclusión. Por otra parte, se caracteriza por tener una adecuada respuesta al tratamiento con glucocorticoides. CONCLUSIÓN: La negatividad en las investigaciones de las etiologías de oftalmoplejía, los hallazgos imagenológicos en la RM y la adecuada respuesta cínica con el uso de los corticoides permiten confirmar el diagnóstico. No debería ser necesaria la biopsia del seno cavernoso ante la sospecha de STH con adecuada respuesta al manejo corticoide.


ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) is characterized by painful ophthalmoplegia of unknown etiology, the formation of a granulomatous tissue in the cavernous sinuses has been described in histopatho-logical findings. CASE PRESENTATION: A 22-year-old woman presenting with 3 weeks of right sided headache, right eye pain and diplopia. Physical examination revealed the existence of a right ophthalmoplegia; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sella turcica showed thickening and enhancement of the right cavernous sinus. A clinical case of an unusual cause of painful ophthalmoplegia is presented. DISCUSSION: Painful ophthalmoplegia has multiple differential diagnoses that include neoplastic, vascular, inflammatory and infectious causes that can affect the cavernous sinus or the superior orbital fissure. STH is a rare case of painful ophthalmoplegia that continues to be a diagnosis of exclusion characterized by an adequate response to treatment with glucocorticoids. CONCLUSION: The negativity of the investigations for the causes of ophthalmoplegia, the imaging findings in the MRI and the adequate response to corticosteroids allows the diagnosis to be made. Biopsy should not be necessary when THS is suspected and there is an adequate response to corticosteroid management.


Subject(s)
Ophthalmoplegia , Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome , Pain , Cavernous Sinus , Diplopia
7.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 21(3): e832, sept.-dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408172

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Entre las cefaleas secundarias se encuentra la atribuida a flebotrombosis cerebral producida por trombosis séptica del seno cavernoso. El ganglio esfenopalatino interviene en la génesis y mantenimiento de cefaleas unilaterales; pues envía conexiones a la cavidad nasofaríngea y meninges, así desempeña una función importante en la modulación neuronal; el bloqueo de dicho ganglio es un método fácil, seguro, económico y efectivo de tratamiento del dolor irruptivo de algunos tipos de cefalea. Objetivo: Presentar los resultados del bloqueo GEFP en el tratamiento de la cefalea grave refractaria secundaria a trombosis séptica del seno cavernoso. Presentación de caso: Paciente de 71 años de edad, al que se realizó de forma exitosa bloqueo transnasal del ganglio esfenopalatino, para tratamiento de cefalea grave refractaria secundaria a trombosis séptica del seno cavernoso, consiguiéndose analgesia efectiva con disminución progresiva de la cefalea y control total de la misma a las 72 h de tratamiento. Conclusiones: El bloqueo podría constituir una opción en la terapéutica de este tipo de cefalea(AU)


Introduction: Among secondary headaches, one is attributed to cerebral phlebothrombosis produced by septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) is involved in the genesis and maintenance of unilateral headaches, since it sends connections to the nasopharyngeal cavity and meninges, playing thus an important role in neuronal modulation; therefore; the blockade of this ganglion is an easy, safe, economic and effective method for treating breakthrough pain in some types of headache. Objective: To present the results of SPG blockade in the treatment of refractory severe headache produced by septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. Case presentation: A 71-year-old male patient is presented, who was successfully performed a transnasal SPG blockade, as a treatment for refractory severe headache caused by septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. Effective analgesia is achieved, together with progressive decrease of headache until it was totally controlled at 72 hours. Conclusions: Blockade was an option in the therapy of this type of headache(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis , Headache Disorders, Secondary , Analgesia
8.
Med. UIS ; 35(2): e504, mayo-ago. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1422053

ABSTRACT

Resumen La fístula carótido-cavernosa es cualquier comunicación anómala entre la arteria carótida y el seno cavernoso que genera un shunt arteriovenoso patológico, se manifiesta en forma anterógrada a la órbita, causa ceguera y oftalmoparesia. Su asociación con trauma craneoencefálico leve es escasa y poco reportada, por lo que se desconoce su prevalencia. Se reporta un paciente masculino de 54 años proveniente de Cali, Colombia, con antecedente de trauma craneoencefálico leve 2 meses antes del ingreso, quien presenta cuadro de cefalea holocraneal y alteraciones visuales. Al examen físico presentó oftalmoparesia, con ptosis palpebral bilateral asimétrica y proptosis pulsátil izquierda; se realizó resonancia magnética cerebral simple y angioresonancia, con hallazgos sugestivos de fístula carótido-cavernosa. El paciente fue llevado a arteriografía más embolización, logrando un resultado favorable. La presencia de cefalea con banderas rojas, alteraciones visuales, proptosis pulsátil y el antecedente de trauma craneoencefálico, sin importar su grado, pueden hacer sospechar la presencia de esta entidad.


Abstract The carotid-cavernous fistula is any abnormal communication between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus, generating a pathological arteriovenous shunt manifesting anterograde to the orbit, causing blindness and ophthalmoparesis. Its association with mild head trauma is scarce and underreported, its prevalence being unknown. A 54-year-old male patient from Cali - Colombia is reported, with a history of mild cranioencephalic trauma 2 months ago, who consulted for a holocranial headache and visual disturbances. On physical examination he presented ophthalmoparesis, with bilateral asymmetric palpebral ptosis with left pulsatile proptosis. A simple brain magnetic resonance and angio-MRI was performed, with findings suggestive of a carotid-cavernous fistula. The patient was taken to arteriography plus embolization, achieving a favorable result. The presence of headache with red flags, visual disturbances, pulsatile proptosis, and a history of head trauma, regardless of its degree, can lead to suspect the presence of this entity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged
9.
Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed) ; 33(6): 377-382, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35248505

ABSTRACT

Transorbitary intracranial penetrating traumatic injuries are uncommon in the paediatric population, and may occur in the context of domestic, sporting or school accidents. They can extend to skull base and compromise vascular structures such as cavernous sinus and internal carotid. We present a case of 6 years-old girl that suffered an intracranial transorbital penetrating injury with a wooden pencil that crossed from the medial edge of left orbit, transetmoidal and trans-sphenoidal, entering the right sellar region and leaving its end in contact with carotid artery (cavernous segment). After pre-surgical studies, foreign body removal was performed with endoscopic surgery + endovascular control in case of carotid injury. After removing the foreign body, a CSF fistula occurred and was repaired. Patient recovered adequately, without neurological deficit, without postoperative CSF fistula, without CNS infection or oculomotor alteration.


Subject(s)
Cavernous Sinus , Craniocerebral Trauma , Foreign Bodies , Child , Female , Humans , Cavernous Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Cavernous Sinus/surgery , Orbit/diagnostic imaging , Orbit/surgery , Foreign Bodies/complications , Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging , Foreign Bodies/surgery , Skull Base
10.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(4): 1000-1008, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405224

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: A comparative study of the morphology of suboccipital cavernous sinus (SCS) using MRI and cast specimens was performed. The present retrospective study analysed the craniocervical magnetic resonance venography (MRV) imaging data of 61 patients. Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed using Mimics 19.0. The SCS left-right diameter(d1), distance from the midline (d2), supero-inferior diameter(d3), anteroposterior diameter (d4), distance from posterior diameter to skin (d5), and diameter of the SCS at different parts (d6-d8) were measured. Comparison between MRV images and cast specimens, the SCS, marginal sinus, anterior condylar vein, and vertebral artery venous plexus were symmetrical and could be bilaterally displayed, whereas the presence of extra condylar vein and posterior condylar vein exhibited different types. The adjacency between the SCS and its communicating vessels and changes in its communicating vessels corresponded well with the MRV images and cast specimens. Many types of the presence of left and right lateral condylar and posterior condylar veins were found in the cast specimens, which could be divided into the bilateral presence of posterior condylar and lateral condylar veins, unilateral presence of posterior condylar veins, and unilateral presence of lateral condylar vein. A total of 61 cases analysed using MRV images revealed the bilateral presence of posterior condylar and lateral condylar veins (77.1 %), the unilateral presence of posterior condylar vein (18.0 %), and the unilateral presence of lateral condylar vein (9.8 %), of which the bilateral presence of posterior condylar and lateral condylar veins accounted for the largest proportion. MRV images and cast specimens of the SCS showed its normal morphological structure and adjacency, thus providing accurate and complete Three-dimensional imaging anatomical data of the SCS and its communicating vascular structures. This study enriches the Chinese SCS imaging anatomy data and may be valuable in clinical practice.


RESUMEN: Se realizó un estudio comparativo de la morfología del seno cavernoso suboccipital (SCS) mediante resonancia magnética y muestras de yeso. El presente estudio retrospectivo analizó los datos de imágenes de venografía por resonancia magnética (RNM) craneocervical de 61 pacientes. La reconstrucción tridimensional se realizó con Mimics 19.0. Se midió: el diámetro izquierdo-derecho del SCS (d1), la distancia desde la línea mediana (d2), el diámetro superoinferior (d3), el diámetro anteroposterior (d4), la distancia desde el diámetro posterior hasta la piel (d5) y el diámetro del SCS en diferentes partes (d6-d8). En la comparación entre las imágenes RNM y las muestras de yeso, el SCS, el seno marginal, la vena condilar anterior y el plexo venoso de la arteria vertebral eran simétricos y se observaron bilateralmente, mientras que la presencia de la vena extracondilar y la vena condilar posterior presentaba tipos diferentes. La proximidad del SCS y sus vasos comunicantes y los cambios en sus vasos comunicantes se correspondieron bien con las imágenes de RNM y los especímenes moldeados. Se encontraron muchos tipos de venas condilares laterales y condilares posteriores izquierda y derecha en las muestras de yeso, que podrían dividirse en presencia bilateral de venas condilares posteriores y condilares laterales, presencia unilateral de venas condilares posteriores y presencia unilateral de venas condilares laterales. Un total de 61 casos analizados mediante imágenes MRV revelaron la presencia bilateral de venas condilares posteriores y condilares laterales (77,1 %), la presencia unilateral de venas condilares posteriores (18,0 %) y la presencia unilateral de venas condilares laterales (9,8 %) de los cuales la presencia bilateral de las venas condilar posterior y condilar lateral representó la mayor proporción. Las imágenes de RNM y las muestras de yeso del SCS mostraron su estructura morfológica y adyacencia normales, lo que proporcionó datos anatómicos de imágenes tridimensionales precisos y completos del SCS y sus estructuras vasculares comunicantes. Este estudio enriquece los datos de anatomía de imágenes de SCS chino y puede ser valioso en la práctica clínica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cavernous Sinus/anatomy & histology , Cavernous Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Calcium Sulfate , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective Studies , Printing, Three-Dimensional
11.
Acta pediátr. hondu ; 12(1): 1241-1244, abr.-sep. 2021. tab., ilus.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BIMENA | ID: biblio-1381274

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Tolosa-Hunt es una entidad poco frecuente cuya etiopatogenia y mecanismos fi- siopatológicos son controversiales, se caracteri- za por cefalea asociada a parálisis de uno o más nervios craneales, diplopía, estrabismo y ptosis palpebral, ocasionados por el compromiso del seno cavernoso o la fisura orbitaria superior. Su diagnóstico es un reto y se aborda dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales de las oftalmoplejías dolorosas. Con el objetivo de describir y actua- lizar el conocimiento sobre esta enfermedad se presenta el caso de una paciente de 14 años que acudió a consulta por cefalea intensa, dolor ocu- lar y afección de nervios craneales. Los hallazgos clínicos y la resonancia magnética confirmaron el diagnóstico del síndrome de Tolosa Hunt...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Cavernous Sinus , Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome/diagnosis , Ophthalmology , Diplopia/complications , Eye Pain
12.
Neurocirugía (Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir.) ; 32(4): 170-177, jul.- ago. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-222728

ABSTRACT

Background Cavernous sinus (CS) invasion is found in 15–20% of pituitary adenomas; it represents a poor prognosis factor and a surgical challenge even in experienced pituitary centers. We present our experience and technical note description for surgical management of pituitary adenomas with CS invasion in acromegaly by the transsellar lateral approach with an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal route. Method prospective case series of patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery for Growing Hormone (GH) producing adenomas with CS invasion treated at the Neurosurgery departments of National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Mexico City, and of Toluca Medical Center of Social Security Institute of the State of Mexico and Provinces between January 2014 and March 2019. Results Thirty-two of 94 patients with diagnosis of pituitary adenoma treated at our institutions (34%) had acromegaly; thirteen of patients with acromegaly diagnosis met the inclusion criteria for CS invasion. Postoperative images reported gross total resection in 10 patients (76.9%). Mean follow-up time was 28.3 months. Remission criteria were achieved in nine patients (69.2%), with one of these patients (11.1%) having recurrence during follow up. All patients with no biochemical remission had improvement in GH and IGF profiles. Three patients without remission underwent radiosurgery (14Gy), and one patient had remission after the procedure. Conclusions We consider this to be a safe and efficient approach for tumors invading CS, when surgical team have good experience in endoscopy of the skull base and reconstruction techniques, appropriate instruments are available, and tumor has soft consistency (AU)


Antecedentes Se encuentra invasión al seno cavernoso en el 15-20% de los adenomas hipofisiarios, y representa un factor de mal pronóstico, así como un reto quirúrgico en algunas series. En el presente trabajo describimos y evaluamos nuestra experiencia con una técnica quirúrgica para el manejo de adenomas hipofisiarios con invasión al seno cavernoso en pacientes con acromegalia a través de un abordaje transelar lateral por la vía endonasal endoscópica. Métodos Serie de casos prospectiva de pacientes tratados con cirugía endonasal endoscópica para pacientes con diagnóstico de acromegalia y adenomas hipofisiarios con invasión al seno cavernoso tratados en los Departamentos de Neurocirugía del Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía en la Ciudad de México y en el Centro Médico Toluca del Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de México y Municipios entre enero del 2014 y marzo del 2019. Resultados Treinta y dos pacientes de 94 con diagnóstico de adenoma hipofisiario fueron tratados en nuestras instituciones, cumplieron con criterios clínicos y bioquímicos para el diagnóstico de acromegalia (34%); de estos, 13 pacientes cumplieron con criterios por imagen y quirúrgicos de invasión al seno cavernoso (40,6%). Las imágenes postoperatorias mostraron resección completa en 10 pacientes (76,9%). El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 28,3 meses. Se alcanzó un índice de remisión bioquímica en el 69,2% de los casos, con un paciente presentando recurrencia durante el seguimiento. Tres de los pacientes sin remisión bioquímica fueron sometidos a radiocirugía, con respuesta terapéutica en uno de ellos (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma/diagnostic imaging , Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma/surgery , Adenoma/diagnostic imaging , Adenoma/surgery , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery
13.
Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed) ; 32(4): 170-177, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34218877

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cavernous sinus (CS) invasion is found in 15-20% of pituitary adenomas; it represents a poor prognosis factor and a surgical challenge even in experienced pituitary centers. We present our experience and technical note description for surgical management of pituitary adenomas with CS invasion in acromegaly by the transsellar lateral approach with an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal route. METHOD: prospective case series of patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery for Growing Hormone (GH) producing adenomas with CS invasion treated at the Neurosurgery departments of National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Mexico City, and of Toluca Medical Center of Social Security Institute of the State of Mexico and Provinces between January 2014 and March 2019. RESULTS: Thirty-two of 94 patients with diagnosis of pituitary adenoma treated at our institutions (34%) had acromegaly; thirteen of patients with acromegaly diagnosis met the inclusion criteria for CS invasion. Postoperative images reported gross total resection in 10 patients (76.9%). Mean follow-up time was 28.3 months. Remission criteria were achieved in nine patients (69.2%), with one of these patients (11.1%) having recurrence during follow up. All patients with no biochemical remission had improvement in GH and IGF profiles. Three patients without remission underwent radiosurgery (14Gy), and one patient had remission after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: We consider this to be a safe and efficient approach for tumors invading CS, when surgical team have good experience in endoscopy of the skull base and reconstruction techniques, appropriate instruments are available, and tumor has soft consistency.


Subject(s)
Adenoma , Cavernous Sinus , Adenoma/surgery , Cavernous Sinus/surgery , Endoscopy , Growth Hormone , Humans , Mexico , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Prospective Studies
14.
Rev. Soc. Colomb. Oftalmol ; 54(1): 63-66, 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1451279

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Se presenta un caso clínico de un paciente joven con una fístula carotidocavernosa traumática que requirió embolización con coils como manejo definitivo. Objetivo: Dar a conocer la importancia de realizar unos adecuados enfoque, diagnóstico y tratamiento ante una fístula carotidocavernosa que presente compromiso oftalmológico, para disminuir el riesgo de presentar complicaciones oculares que pueden ser devastadoras. Resumen del caso: Varón de 27 años que sufrió un traumatismo craneoencefálico, el cual generó afectación oftalmológica que involucra desde el segmento anterior hasta el segmento posterior, con un leve compromiso de la agudeza visual. Requirió manejo multidisciplinario en conjunto con el servicio de neurocirugía para tratamiento endovascular, con posterior resolución de los signos y síntomas clínicos. Conclusiones: Las fístulas carotidocavernosas de alto flujo son las más frecuentes y suelen ocurrir en pacientes jóvenes con antecedentes de traumatismo craneoencefálico. Estas fístulas presentan múltiples manifestaciones clínicas oculares, por lo que los oftalmólogos deben ser capaces de hacer un adecuado enfoque y solicitar los estudios paraclínicos necesarios para hacer el diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportuno


Introduction: We presents a clinical case of a young patient with traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula who required coil embolization as definitive management. Objective: To make known the importance of carrying out an adequate approach, diagnosis and treatment in the patient with carotid-cavernous fistula that presents an ophthalmological findings in order to reduce the risk of presenting ocular complications that can be devastating. Case summary: A 27-year-old male patient who presented cranioencephalic trauma generating ophthalmological changes that involves from the anterior segment to the posterior segment, with a mild compromise of visual acuity, multidisciplinary management required in conjunction with neurosurgery service for endovascular management with subsequent resolution of the clinical signs and symptoms. Conclusions: Carotid-cavernous high-flow fistulas are the most frequent and they are associated with young patients with a history of head trauma. These fistulas present multiple ocular clinical manifestations, so ophthalmologists must be able to make an adequate approach and request the necessary paraclinical to make the diagnosis and timely treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Eye Health Services
15.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32690399

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cavernous sinus (CS) invasion is found in 15-20% of pituitary adenomas; it represents a poor prognosis factor and a surgical challenge even in experienced pituitary centers. We present our experience and technical note description for surgical management of pituitary adenomas with CS invasion in acromegaly by the transsellar lateral approach with an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal route. METHOD: prospective case series of patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery for Growing Hormone (GH) producing adenomas with CS invasion treated at the Neurosurgery departments of National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Mexico City, and of Toluca Medical Center of Social Security Institute of the State of Mexico and Provinces between January 2014 and March 2019. RESULTS: Thirty-two of 94 patients with diagnosis of pituitary adenoma treated at our institutions (34%) had acromegaly; thirteen of patients with acromegaly diagnosis met the inclusion criteria for CS invasion. Postoperative images reported gross total resection in 10 patients (76.9%). Mean follow-up time was 28.3 months. Remission criteria were achieved in nine patients (69.2%), with one of these patients (11.1%) having recurrence during follow up. All patients with no biochemical remission had improvement in GH and IGF profiles. Three patients without remission underwent radiosurgery (14Gy), and one patient had remission after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: We consider this to be a safe and efficient approach for tumors invading CS, when surgical team have good experience in endoscopy of the skull base and reconstruction techniques, appropriate instruments are available, and tumor has soft consistency.

16.
Mem. Inst. Invest. Cienc. Salud (Impr.) ; 17(2): 107-111, ago. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-1008961

ABSTRACT

Los meningiomas de nervio óptico y de seno cavernoso son patologías poco frecuentes, y hasta el momento no ha habido ningún reporte de que se presenten ambos en un mismo paciente. Cabe resaltar que cuando llega un paciente a consulta diagnosticado con alguna patología, asumimos que este diagnóstico es adecuado y pertinente. Pero en nuestro caso, el paciente presentó signos y síntomas de etiología desconocida que hicieron que se re-evaluarán los diagnósticos oftalmológicos que traía la paciente, encontrando que había sido tratada por un diagnóstico que no le correspondía y a su vez este hallazgo nos ayudó a encontrar la verdadera causa(AU)


Optic nerve and cavernous sinus meningiomas are uncommon pathologies, and so far there have not been previously reported to occur in the same patient. It should be emphasized that when a patient arrives at a doctor's office diagnosed with pathology, we assume that this diagnosis is appropriate and pertinent. But in our case, the patient presented signs and symptoms of unknown etiology that led to a re-evaluation of the previous ophthalmological diagnoses that the patient brought, finding that she had been treated for a diagnosis that did not match with all her clinical sign and symptoms and this helped us to find the real cause(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Cavernous Sinus/pathology , Optic Nerve Neoplasms/diagnosis , Meningioma/diagnosis , Optic Nerve/diagnostic imaging , Cavernous Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Eye Movement Measurements , Fundus Oculi
17.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 79(2): 199-206, jun. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1014438

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La rinosinusitis bacteriana aguda es la infección de la mucosa nasal y de senos paranasales, que se manifiesta con congestión nasal, rinorrea purulenta y fiebre, de curso generalmente autolimitado. La trombosis del seno cavernoso (TSC) es una complicación poco frecuente, que se asocia a compromiso del seno esfenoidal y etmoidal, manifestándose clínicamente con cefalea, fiebre, alteración de pares craneanos y síntomas oculares. Ante su sospecha el estudio imagenológico es fundamental. En estos exámenes se debe buscar un defecto de llene en el seno cavernoso comprometido. El tratamiento debe iniciarse de forma precoz y contempla: antibioticoterapia, drenaje quirúrgico del seno afectado y anticoagulación. Se presenta a un paciente pediátrico masculino con TSC derecha posterior a una rinosinusitis esfenoidal no tratada, que respondió favorablemente al tratamiento. Se describe la clínica y manejo de esta patología, que presenta alta morbimortalidad, y que puede disminuirse considerablemente con un tratamiento precoz y agresivo.


ABSTRACT Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is the infection of the nasal and paranasal mucous membrane, with symptoms such as nasal congestion, purulent rhinorrhea and fever, usually self-limiting. Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare complication, which is associated with sphenoid and ethmoid sinus involvement, clinically manifest with headache, fever, cranial nerve involvement and ocular symptoms. When suspected, imaging studies will confirm the clinical impression. They will show abnormal flow parameters in the compromised cavernous sinus. The treatment has to start as soon as possible and consists in broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics, surgical drainage of the site of the infection and anticoagulation. We present a patient with a right CST secondary to a non-treated sphenoidal sinusitis, that responded favorably to treatment. The clinical and management of this pathology is described, which presents a high morbidity and mortality that can be reduced considerably with an early and aggressive treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Sphenoid Sinusitis/complications , Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis/etiology , Paranasal Sinus Diseases , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Cavernous Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis/surgery , Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging
18.
Med. interna Méx ; 34(4): 645-648, jul.-ago. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-984724

ABSTRACT

Resumen La trombosis del seno cavernoso es una enfermedad poco común, pero puede ser fatal. Se vincula con infecciones faciales, sinusitis o asépticas. El reconocimiento oportuno en pacientes con fiebre, cefalea y alteraciones en la exploración de movimientos oculares es importante para un buen pronóstico. Se comunica el caso de un paciente con síndrome de seno cavernoso, con meningitis por contigüidad.


Abstract Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare, life-threatening disorder that can complicate facial infection. Early recognition of cavernous sinus thrombosis in patients with fever, headache, eye findings such as periorbital swelling and ophthalmoplegia is critical for good outcome. We present the case of a patient with cavernous sinus syndrome with contiguous meningitis.

20.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 79(1): 44-48, ene.-mar. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011006

ABSTRACT

Los infartos limítrofes son aquellos ubicados en regiones entre dos territorios vasculares contiguos y la enfermedad inflamatoria orbitaria idiopática es un proceso inflamatorio orbitario inespecífico. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 60 años con exoftalmos, ptosis palpebral, disminución de agudeza visual derecha y afección de los nervios oculomotores derechos. Los estudios de imágenes mostraron una masa retro ocular derecha con invasión de los senos cavernosos y esfenoidal. Durante la hospitalización, el paciente sufrió un infarto cerebral limítrofe por compresión de la arteria carótida interna derecha en su segmento intracavernoso. La exéresis y la anatomía patológica de la lesión orbitaria fueron compatibles con la enfermedad inflamatoria orbitaria idiopática. Nuestro caso muestra a la enfermedad inflamatoria orbitaria idiopática como una causa inhabitual de infarto cerebral limítrofe.


Watershed cerebral infarctions are those located in regions between two adjacent vascular territories and Idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease is a nonspecific inflammatory process of the orbit. We report the case of a 60-year-old man who presented suddenly in the right eye: exophthalmos, ptosis, reduced visual acuity and paresis of the extraocular muscles innervated by the III, IV and VI cranial nerves. Imaging studies showed a right retro-ocular mass with invasion of the ipsilateral cavernous and sphenoid sinus. During hospitalization, suddenly he presented a watershed infarction with narrowing of the right internal carotid artery in its intracavernous portion. Surgical excision of the lesion was performed and pathology showed a characteristic infiltration of idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease. Our case shows idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease as an uncommon cause of watershed cerebral infarction.

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