Anti-hair loss effect of a shampoo containing caffeine and adenosine.

BACKGROUND: Hair loss is a widespread health problem that affects numerous individuals and is associated with age, lack of sleep, stress, endocrine problems, and other problems. Caffeine exerts various pharmacological effects, particularly after ingestion. The caffeine-induced inhibition of phosphodiesterases can increase intracellular cAMP concentrations, ultimately resulting in stimulatory effects on cell metabolism and proliferation. Hence, caffeine has been confirmed to inhibit hair loss caused by premature termination of the hair growth phase. Adenosine also improves hair loss by stimulating hair growth and thickening hair shafts. However, further empirical evidence is required to comprehensively assess the efficacy of hair loss treatment and prevention using a formulation of caffeine and adenosine in specific proportions in shampoos. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate a shampoo with caffeine and adenosine as a daily scalp care product for hair loss in 77 subjects aged 18-60 years. METHODS: The overall and local hair densities were assessed using professional cameras and dermoscopes at different magnifications and distances. Five hairs that came off the participant's head were randomly selected to measure hair diameter. The self-assessment questionnaires were filled on third month of product use. RESULTS: The combination of caffeine and adenosine in the shampoo significantly enhanced hair density compared to that of the baseline. The results revealed a significant reduction in hair loss. The hair diameters of the subjects did not change significantly. Most of the participants (71.05%) were satisfied with their hair after using the product. CONCLUSIONS: Shampoos containing caffeine and adenosine have been demonstrated to exert therapeutic benefits for reducing hair loss.

Use of Topical Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Noninfectious Inflammatory Dermatoses of the Scalp: A Survey of Practicing Dermatologists and Dermatology Residents Using Delphi Methodology.

Background: Noninfectious inflammatory dermatoses of the scalp are common, and their symptomsin particular, those affecting appearance, can have a psychological effect that may be disproportionate to their clinical severity. Effective, cosmetically acceptable treatments are important to manage these conditions. Topical corticosteroids form the cornerstone of acute treatment for many of these conditions. We surveyed practicing dermatologists and dermatology residents to determine the current clinical practice in prescribing topical corticosteroids for these disorders in their various preparation formats. Methods: A Delphi method was used, consisting of 2 questionnaire rounds. The first round contained 34 questions and was completed by 612 dermatologists and dermatology residents via email. The first round of responses was analyzed, and points that had > 70% agreement were used to form a second questionnaire of 21 statements. This second round was completed by 346 participants, and their responses were used to generate a final report. Participants were practicing in both public and private practices. Results: Clobetasol propionate 0.05% topical solution was considered to be the most appropriate treatment for noninfectious inflammatory scalp dermatoses in general, with 75.1% agreement in the second round of questionnaire. The main advantages of clobetasol propionate over other topical corticosteroids were reported as potency, effectiveness, and broad action spectrum (94.8% agreement). The preferred pharmaceutical format was the solution of clobetasol propionate. Conclusion: Clobetasol propionate was the preferred topical treatment for the management of scalp dermatoses, usually as first-line treatment; solution was the preferred preparation.

Transparent silicone-free shampoo containing proteins with strong hair conditioning properties.

OBJECTIVE: With the constant upgrading of healthcare concepts, silicone-free hair products have attracted more attention among consumers. In the present study, transparent silicone-free shampoo containing proteins was successfully fabricated by mixing mild non-sulphate surfactants, compound cationic conditioners, natural silicone oil substitutes, protein conditioners, thickeners, and other auxiliary ingredients. The effects of the type of surfactants, hair conditioners and thickeners, the type and content of proteins, and the mass ratio of compound proteins on the hair foaming performance, hair grooming performance, and penetration performance were investigated. METHODS: The basic formulation framework for transparent silicone-free shampoo was established at first. Then, various hydrolyzed proteins were further added to the basic formulation in the form of single use or compound use to prepare transparent silicone-free shampoo containing different proteins. The morphology of hair samples and penetration of protein in hair were evaluated with a scanning electron microscope and laser confocal fluorescence microscopy, respectively. And the hair grooming performance was also determined by a dynamic combing tester. RESULTS: The compound proteins of Croquat WKP PE-LQ-WD and Gluadin® Kera-PLM with mass ratios of 1:9 and 1:1 at 2 wt% total protein content added to the silicone-free shampoo brought a higher contact angle and a lower frictional coefficient than commercial silicone-free shampoo without proteins. In addition, the compound proteins also have the dual effect of adsorbing the hair surface and penetrating deep into the interior of the hair. CONCLUSION: The combination of cationic modified hydrolyzed protein (e.g., Croquat WKP PE-LQ-WD) and hydrolyzed protein with low molecular weight (e.g., Gluadin® Kera-P LM) at an appropriate mass ratio exhibited a strong synergistic effect on hair conditioning properties. It could provide a significant reference for developing silicone-free hair products with more benefits.

OBJECTIF: Avec l'amélioration constante des concepts de soins de santé, les produits capillaires sans silicone ont attiré l'attention des consommateurs. Dans la présente étude, un shampooing transparent sans silicone contenant des protéines a été fabriqué avec succès en mélangeant des tensioactifs doux sans sulfate, des conditionneurs cationiques composés, des substituts naturels de l'huile de silicone, des conditionneurs protéiques, des épaississants et d'autres ingrédients auxiliaires. On a étudié les effets du type de tensioactifs, de conditionneurs pour les cheveux et d'épaississants, du type et de la teneur en protéines et du rapport massique des protéines composées sur les performances de moussage des cheveux, du nettoyage des cheveux et de la pénétration. MÉTHODES: le cadre de formulation de base pour le shampooing transparent sans silicone a d'abord été établi. Ensuite, diverses protéines hydrolysées ont été ajoutées à la formulation de base sous forme d'utilisation unique ou d'utilisation de composés pour préparer un shampooing transparent sans silicone contenant différentes protéines. La morphologie des échantillons de cheveux et la pénétration des protéines dans les cheveux ont été évaluées à l'aide d'un microscope électronique a balayage et d'une microscopie confocale laser à fluorescence, respectivement. Les performances de nettoyage des cheveux ont également été déterminées par un testeur de peignage dynamique. RÉSULTATS: les protéines composées de Croquat WKP PE-LQ-WD et de GluadinR Kera-PLM avec des rapports massiques de 1:9 et 1:1 à 2 % en poids de teneur en protéines totales ajoutées au shampooing sans silicone ont un angle de contact plus élevé et un coefficient de frottement plus faible que le shampooing sans silicone commercial sans protéines. En outre, les protéines composées ont également doublé l'effet d'adsorption à la surface des cheveux et de pénétration à l'intérieur des cheveux. CONCLUSION: la combinaison de protéines hydrolysées modifiées cationiques (par exemple, Croquat WKP PE-LQ-WD) et de protéines hydrolysées de faible poids moléculaire (par exemple, GluadinR Kera-P LM) avec un rapport massique approprié a montré un fort effet synergique sur les propriétés de conditionnement des cheveux. Il pourrait fournir une référence significative pour le développement de produits capillaires sans silicone avec plus d'avantages.

Multicolor Hair Dyeing with Biocompatible Dark Polyphenol Complex-Integrated Shampoo with Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Activity.

Hair dyeing has become a prevalent lifestyle trend, especially within the fashion industry. However, it possesses disadvantages, such as containing carcinogenic and toxic materials. In this study, we developed a biocompatible hair-dyeing technology using a shampoo with a dark polyphenol complex (DPC), referred to as S-DPC. The DPC was formed from a mixture of gallic acid and [1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexol and used to enhance both the stability of the hair coating and its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Colloidal DPC particles play a pivotal role in the coating process of various hair dyes, ensuring the uniform coloring of human hair through intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding. Owing to the effect of a polyphenol complex on hair coating, we observed improved antistatic performance and enhanced mechanical strength, resulting in a substantial increase in elongation at the breaking point from 33.74% to 48.85%. The multicolor S-DPC exhibited antioxidant properties, as indicated by its ROS-scavenging ability, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl inhibition (87-89%), superoxide radical scavenging (84-87%), and hydroxyl radical scavenging (95-98%). Moreover, the in vitro analysis of the DPC revealed nearly 100% cell viability in live and dead assays, highlighting the remarkable biocompatibility of the DPC. Therefore, considering its effectiveness and safety, this biomaterial has considerable potential for applications in hair dyeing.

Clinical efficacy of a gentle anti-dandruff itch-relieving shampoo formulation.

Dandruff is a common scalp condition affecting almost half of the world's population. Despite its high prevalence, the exact pathophysiology is not well established and is understood to be multifactorial, with factors such as fungal colonization, sebaceous gland activity and individual factors being implicated. There is a need for an effective and safe shampoo that can target the above factors. Hence, we have developed a shampoo formulation with properties of oil control, moisturizing, non-irritative, anti-fungal, anti-microbial and itch-relieving. In this interventional, open-label study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of this shampoo in reducing the clinical signs of dandruff and pruritus in patients with pre-existing mild-to-moderate dandruff over a course of 21-day treatment duration through self-assessment and objective clinical evaluations. After continued use of the shampoo, there was a significant decrease in the adherent and loose scalp flaking scores. Mean pruritus scores also decreased significantly across the 21-day time points. There were also no adverse events or skin intolerances reported. This study showed that our shampoo formulation has led to a significant reduction in both adherent and loose scalp flaking and pruritus when used in individuals suffering from mild to moderate dandruff. As such, it is an ideal shampoo, which can be used to effectively control dandruff.

Les pellicules sont une affection courante du cuir chevelu qui touche près de la moitié de la population mondiale. Malgré sa prévalence élevée, la physiopathologie exacte n'est pas bien établie et est comprise comme étant multifactorielle, avec des facteurs impliqués tels que la colonisation fongique, l'activité des glandes sébacées et des facteurs individuels. Un shampooing sûr et efficace pouvant cibler les facteurs évoqués ci-dessus est nécessaire. Par conséquent, nous avons développé une formulation de shampooing présentant des propriétés de contrôle du sébum, d'hydratation, non irritante, antifongique, antimicrobienne et de soulagement des démangeaisons. Dans cette essaie interventionnelle ouvert, nous avons évalué l'efficacité et la sécurité d'emploi de ce shampooing dans la réduction des signes cliniques de pellicules et de prurit chez des patients présentant des pellicules préexistantes légères à modérées sur une durée de traitement de 21 jours par le biais d'auto-évaluations et d'évaluations cliniques objectives. Après une utilisation continue du shampooing, une diminution significative des scores de squames adhérents et d'excoriation du cuir chevelu a été observée. Les scores de prurit moyens ont également significativement diminué tout au long de la période de 21 jours. De même, aucun événement indésirable ou intolérance cutanée n'a été rapporté. Cette étude a montré que notre formulation de shampooing a entraîné une réduction significative des squames adhérents, de l'excoriation du cuir chevelu et du prurit lorsqu'elle est utilisée chez des personnes souffrant de pellicules légères ou modérées. Il s'agit donc d'un shampooing idéal qui peut être utilisé pour contrôler efficacement les pellicules.

Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm.: biotechnological advancements and perspectives.

Shampoo ginger (Zingiber zerumbet) is a multipurpose ginger that has confirmed their role as food, medicine, and for decorative purposes. The rhizome possesses zerumbone, curcuminoids, and other bioactive molecules that play crucial roles in treating several human diseases. To date, several reports are existing on the in vitro biotechnology of Z. zerumbet. The present review highlights the consolidated clarification and comprehensive explanation of in vitro biotechnological implications based on plant tissue culture for the improvement of Z. zerumbet. Studies on biotechnological involvement in shampoo ginger were primarily emphasized in the study of the last 3 decades, for instance, in vitro regeneration, micro-rhizome production, callus culture, somatic embryogenesis, ex vitro establishment, and molecular assessment of in vitro-raised clones. Moreover, this review provides insights into different in vitro culture systems and endophytes involvement in the production of secondary metabolites. This review will assist for advanced research areas related to in vitro manipulation of shampoo ginger, especially for the commercial cultivation of secondary metabolites rich clones of Z. zerumbet. Moreover, it will provide an insight into crop upgrading and breeding programs of this underutilized, aromatic, and medicinal plant for amended yield and quality. KEY POINTS: • Z. zerumbet is an aromatic spice and an ornamental • This review comprehensively assesses Z. zerumbet tissue culture • Key shortcomings and future directions of Z. zerumbet biotechnology.

The Effects of Zinc Pyrithione and Selenium Disulfide Shampoos on the Lesion-free Period After Treatment in Patients with Seborrheic Dermatitis.

Background: There are studies in the literature on zinc pyrithione and selenium disulfide containing shampoos for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis, but we have not been able to find a study that clearly evaluates the duration of relapses. Objective: This retrospective chart review investigated disease relapse times in patients with seborrheic dermatitis who achieved remission with treatment and continued maintenance therapy using zinc pyrithione or selenium disulfide containing shampoo. Methods: Records from a total of 400 patients were reviewed, with 200 patients having used zinc pyrithione shampoo and 200 patients having used selenium disulfide shampoo. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the patients who relapsed in less than a month and patients that relapsed after more than a month in terms of product used in maintenance therapy (p=0.841). Discussion: In our study, we found that zinc pyrithione and selenium disulfide shampoos used in maintenance therapy did not have significantly different effects on relapse times in patients who achieved remission after appropriate treatment.

A comparison of dyeing efficacy between hair-oxidation-based and hair-coating-based shampoos for the treatment of gray hair.

BACKGROUND: The process of hair dyeing causes hair damage, and periodic re-dyeing is required for newly grown hair. To avoid these hassles, hair color shampoos have been developed and are widely used. In this study, we compared the effects of two hair color shampoos with different dyeing principles to analyze the function of hair color shampoos. We analyzed hair tresses treated by hair-oxidation- and hair-coating-based shampoos. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured the color, tensile properties, softness, elasticity, gloss, moisture content, and protein content of the hair tresses dyed with color shampoos. The hair structures were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM) and a hydroxy radical-based method. RESULTS: The shampoo based on hair coating enhanced the hair dyeing effect and roughness, whereas that based on hair oxidation improved the color retention and moisture content in the hair tresses. Frictional resistance, gloss, and elasticity of the hair tresses were similar for the two products. However, according to the results of the protein loss test, TEM, and hydroxyl radical staining, the shampoo based on hair oxidation showed a longer dyeing retention compared to that based on hair coating but caused cuticle damage. CONCLUSION: These results show that the two shampoos with different dyeing principles exhibit different hair dyeing abilities and hair health indices. Therefore, we recommend that hair color shampoos should be used according to the requirements of an individual.

Considering the risk of a coloring shampoo with the function of gray hair cover cosmetology and skin barrier: A systematic review.

Background and Aims: As the number of demanders who want to easily cover gray hair increases, the demand market is rapidly expanding along with the demand for coloring shampoos that can be dyed while shampooing. Among these coloring shampoo ingredients, it is necessary to differentiate products that are safe and harmless to the human body in consideration of hair loss or skin barrier problems caused by trihydroxybenzene (THB) ingredients. The correct selection criteria were presented by examining the problems, effectiveness, and side effects when used in relation to the skin barrier through previous studies by consideration of the ingredients of the coloring shampoo and the skin barrier of the scalp. Methods: The analysis of this study looked at previous studies through a systematic literature review through related keywords for coloring shampoo. After reviewing 150-200 related prior papers, a total of 39 review papers were finally selected using the PRISMA flow diagram. Results: It was confirmed through a literature review that the coloring shampoo containing THB, which is harmful to the human body, has a detrimental effect on the scalp-skin barrier. Conclusion: This study examined the harmfulness of coloring shampoo on the scalp skin barrier. It was confirmed that frequent coloring shampoo procedures can have various harmful effects on the scalp. Therefore, it is important to reduce side effects caused by the use of harmful ingredients and maintain a healthy scalp condition through analysis of sufficient scalp conditions and consultation with experts. In addition, various studies on the standard standards and age for harmful ingredients are suggested.

Frontal fibrosing alopecia and personal care product use: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a cicatricial alopecia affecting the frontotemporal hairline. Given that this scarring, immune-mediated follicular destruction most commonly affects postmenopausal Caucasian women, researchers have postulated that there are hormonal and genetic components; however, the etiology of FFA is still unknown. Recently, dermatologists have reported cases of FFA as being potentially caused by cosmetic products, such as sunscreen and shampoo. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis intend to be the first to analyze the relationship between FFA and cosmetic/personal care products and treatments, including sunscreen, moisturizer, foundation, shampoo, conditioner, hair mousse, hair gel, hair dye, hair straightening/rebonding, chemical/laser facial resurfacing, aftershave, and facial cleanser. METHODS: The Cochrane, PubMed, EMBASE, and Medline (Ovid) databases were searched for the relevant studies from the date of inception to August 2022. Case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies examining the effects of cosmetic/personal care product use on FFA, available in English full-text, were included. Analyses were performed using Review Manager, version 5.4. Results were reported as an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI); p values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Nine studies were included in our quantitative analyses, totaling 1,248 FFA patients and 1,459 controls. There were significant positive associations found for FFA and sunscreen (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.67-5.47; p = 0.0003) and facial moisturizer (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.51-3.20; p < 0.0001) use. Gender sub-analyses demonstrated a positive association for FFA and facial moisturizer in men (OR 5.07, 95% CI 1.40-18.32; p = 0.01), but not in women (OR 1.58, 95% CI 0.83-2.98; p = 0.16). Both gender sub-analyses were significantly positive for the association with facial sunscreen (Male OR 4.61, 95% CI 1.54-13.78, p = 0.006; Female OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.32-5.70, p = 0.007). There was no association found for a facial cleanser (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.33-1.52; p = 0.51), foundation (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.83-1.55; p = 0.21), shampoo (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.22-1.10; p = 0.08), hair conditioner (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.52-1.26; p = 0.35), hair mousse (OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.75-2.51; p = 0.31), and hair gel (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.48-1.69; p = 0.74), hair dye (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.69-1.64; p = 0.77), hair straightening/rebonding (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.08-9.32; p = 0.92), hair perming (OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.89-2.23; p = 0.14), facial toner (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.12-2.21; p = 0.37), or aftershave (OR 1.64, 95% CI 0.28-9.49; p = 0.58). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis strongly suggests that leave-on facial products, facial sunscreen and moisturizer, are associated with FFA. While the association with facial moisturizer did not persist when stratifying for female populations, gender sub-analyses remained significant for a facial sunscreen. There was no significant relationship found with hair products or treatments. These findings suggest a potential environmental etiology in the development of FFA, particularly UV-protecting chemicals.

Heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-653 ameliorates human scalp health by regulating scalp microbiome.

BACKGROUND: The equilibrium of the scalp microbiome is important for maintaining healthy scalp conditions, including sebum secretion, dandruff, and hair growth. Many different strategies to improve scalp health have been reported; however, the effect of postbiotics, such as heat-killed probiotics, on scalp health remains unclear. We examined the beneficial effects of heat-killed probiotics consisting of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, GMNL-653, on scalp health. RESULTS: Heat-killed GMNL-653 could co-aggregate with scalp commensal fungi, Malassezia furfur, in vitro, and the GMNL-653-derived lipoteichoic acid inhibited the biofilm formation of M. furfur on Hs68 fibroblast cells. The mRNA of hair follicle growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), vascular endothelial growth factor, IGF-1, and keratinocyte growth factor was up-regulated in skin-related human cell lines Hs68 and HaCaT after treatment with heat-killed GMNL-653. For clinical observations, we recruited 22 volunteer participants to use the shampoo containing the heat-killed GMNL-653 for 5 months and subsequently measured their scalp conditions, including sebum secretion, dandruff formation, and hair growth. We applied polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the scalp microbiota of M. restricta, M. globosa, Cutibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. A decrease in dandruff and oil secretion and an increase in hair growth in the human scalp were observed after the use of heat-killed GMNL-653-containing shampoo. The increased abundance of M. globosa and the decreased abundance of M. restricta and C. acnes were also observed. We further found that accumulated L. paracasei abundance was positively correlated with M. globosa abundance and negatively correlated with C. acnes abundance. S. epidermidis and C. acnes abundance was negatively correlated with M. globosa abundance and positively correlated with M. restricta. Meanwhile, M. globosa and M. restricta abundances were negatively associated with each other. C. acnes and S. epidermidis abundances were statistically positively correlated with sebum secretion and dandruff, respectively, in our shampoo clinical trial. CONCLUSION: Our study provides a new strategy for human scalp health care using the heat-killed probiotics GMNL-653-containing shampoo. The mechanism may be correlated with the microbiota shift.

Performance and Tolerance of a Protocol for Idiopathic Chronic Greasy Seborrhea in 18 Dogs Using a Shampoo and Mousse Containing Plant Extracts.

The study aimed to evaluate the tolerance, performance and effect on hair lipids and skin hydration of a protocol combining applications of one shampoo and subsequent mousses containing plant extracts (Ophytrium and Seboliance) in dogs with an undiagnosed chronic greasy keratinisation disorder. Six dogs were washed with plain water on day (D)0. Twelve dogs were shampooed on D0 and received eight mousse applications at 48-72 h intervals from D2 to D18. Clinical score (CS), Natural Moisturizing Factors (NMF) and hair lipids (HL) were evaluated on D0, D0 + 4 h, D7, D14 and D24. At baseline, no significant differences were observed in CS, NMF and HL between groups. In the control group, CS and HL remained stable throughout the study while a slight decrease in NMF was observed at D0 + 4 h. CS was significantly reduced in the test group between D0 and D7 (-53%) which reached 91% at D24 (p < 0.05), with no side effects. NMF levels decreased in the test group at D0 + 4 h (-73%, p < 0.0001) and returned to baseline from D14. In conclusion, one shampoo and subsequent mousse applications rapidly and safely improved coat quality in dogs with an undiagnosed keratinisation disorder without affecting NMF and HL contents over the study period.

Enhanced piroctone olamine retention from shampoo for superior anti-dandruff efficacy.

BACKGROUND: Dandruff is a pervasive chronic condition which negatively impacts quality of life. Effective treatment requires efficient delivery of scalp benefit agents that control commensal scalp Malassezia levels. Delivery of benefit agents from shampoos requires balancing many technical parameters to achieve the desired outcome without sacrificing secondary parameters, such as cosmetic attributes. AIM: To develop formulation technologies that increase the shampoo delivery efficiency of the scalp benefit agent piroctone olamine (PO). Increased delivery should result in increased anti-dandruff efficacy. METHODS: Micellar Stability and Association parameters were quantified via dynamic surface tension and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion parameters, respectively. PO delivery has been assessed in vivo both on the scalp surface and follicular infindibula using extraction procedures and analytical analysis. Clinical anti-dandruff efficacy was assessed for an advanced delivery technology prototype in comparison to standard delivery technology. RESULTS: Shampoo prototypes have been developed that increase the delivery efficiency of PO. Both surfactant and polymer coacervate-based approaches have been developed. Decreased micellar stability results in weaker association between PO and micelles, resulting in more efficient PO retention on the scalp surface and delivery to the infundibula. Increased charge density of cationic polymers optimizes coacervation enabling improved PO delivery as well. Increased PO delivery has been shown clinically to result in higher anti-dandruff efficacy as measured by both visible flakes and underlying biomarkers. CONCLUSION: Increased efficiency PO delivery shampoos have been developed by optimization of both surfactant and coacervate parameters. The increased deposition efficiency results in significantly more products with significantly greater anti-dandruff efficacy.

CONTEXTE: Les pellicules sont une maladie chronique omniprésente qui a un impact négatif sur la qualité de vie. Un traitement efficace nécessite une administration efficace d'agents bénéfiques pour le cuir chevelu qui contrôlent les niveaux commensaux de Malassezia. L'administration d'agents bénéfiques à partir de shampooings nécessite d'équilibrer de nombreux paramètres techniques pour obtenir le résultat souhaité sans sacrifier des paramètres secondaires tels que les attributs cosmétiques. BUT: Développer des technologies de formulation qui augmentent l'efficacité d'administration du shampooing de l'agent bénéfique pour le cuir chevelu piroctone olamine (PO). Une livraison accrue devrait entraîner une efficacité antipelliculaire accrue. MÉTHODES: La stabilité micellaire et les paramètres d'association ont été quantifiés via les paramètres de tension superficielle dynamique et de diffusion RMN, respectivement. L'administration de PO a été évaluée in vivo à la fois sur la surface du cuir chevelu et sur l'indibula folliculaire à l'aide de procédures d'extraction et d'analyses analytiques. L'efficacité antipelliculaire clinique a été évaluée pour un prototype de technologie d'administration avancée par rapport à la technologie d'administration standard. RÉSULTATS: Des prototypes de shampooing ont été développés pour augmenter l'efficacité de livraison des PO. Des approches à base de tensioactifs et de coacervats polymères ont été développées. Une diminution de la stabilité micellaire entraîne une association plus faible entre le PO et les micelles, ce qui entraîne une rétention plus efficace du PO sur la surface du cuir chevelu et une livraison à l'infundibula. L'augmentation de la densité de charge des polymères cationiques optimise la coacervation, permettant également une meilleure administration de PO. Il a été démontré cliniquement que l'augmentation de l'administration de PO entraîne une efficacité antipelliculaire plus élevée, mesurée à la fois par les squames visibles et les biomarqueurs sous-jacents. CONCLUSION: Des shampooings à libération de PO à efficacité accrue ont été développés en optimisant à la fois les paramètres du tensioactif et du coacervat. L'efficacité de dépôt accrue se traduit par beaucoup plus de produits avec une efficacité antipelliculaire nettement supérieure.

Physicochemical Evaluation of Personal Care Products Developed with Chondrus crispus Fractions Processed by Ecofriendly Methodologies.

Novel personal care products are necessary to cope with the growing market demand for sustainable green products. In this context, this work deals with the formulation and fundamental physicochemical and rheological characterization of different natural personal care products using bioactive fractions from Chondrus crispus red macroalgae extracted under optimized green conditions. Body milks, body oils and shampoos were supplemented with soluble extracts with antioxidant features recovered after hydrothermal (200 °C) and microwave (170 °C)- and ultrasound (80 °C)-assisted extraction of the red macroalgae used as raw material. Formulated products were also compared with those prepared using (±)-α-tocopherol and butylhydroxytoluene standards. Body scrubs were formulated with the remaining solids (<2.25%) after microwave hydrodiffusion and gravidity treatment of the macroalgae. Results indicated that selected extracts provided personal care products with similar or even better physicochemical, color and viscous features than those supplemented with (±)-α-tocopherol or butylhydroxytoluene commercial antioxidants. Rheological profiles indicated that it is possible to develop personal care products with adequate viscous behavior (102−105 mPa s, at 1 s−1), comparable with their synthetic counterparts. To conclude, the addition of antioxidant extracts led to lower apparent viscosity values suggesting an advantage from the skin applicability point of view, jointly with the absence of both the hysteresis phenomenon and water syneresis of the proposed formulations.

In vitro assessment of the acaricidal activity of a carvacrol shampoo on tick larvae.

Ticks are a widely distributed arthropod of veterinary importance. Resistance of ticks to synthetic acaricides has become widespread, warranting the development of new drugs for tick management. Carvacrol is a volatile monoterpene, with promising results against various species of ticks; however, to be used for therapeutic purposes, carvacrol must be included in a formulation that makes its application feasible. This study aims to develop a formulation of a carvacrol-containing shampoo that is effective against two species of ticks: Rhipicephalus sanguineus and R. microplus. Shampoo sensory characteristics and pH were evaluated at 37, 25 and 5 °C, for a maximum of 15 days. The shampoo remained stable at 25 and 5 °C. The efficacy of the carvacrol-containing formulation against two species of ticks was assessed by the larval immersion test. Mortality of both tick species was significantly higher for the carvacrol shampoo than for a carvacrol hydroalcoholic solution. In conclusion, the carvacrol-containing shampoo showed larvicidal efficacy on ticks.

Measurement of the physicochemical, performance, and consumer-information characteristics of commercial nonmedicated shampoo for dogs.

The aim was to analyze the quality of commercial shampoo without prophylactic effect for dogs. The analysis was based on the evaluations and requirements established for human-line products since there is no guide for veterinary products in Mexico; such evaluations have not been carried out or published in Mexico. Physicochemical, sensory, performance, and consumer information tests of the shampoo were carried out. The sample consisted of twenty products marketed in Mexico City. During the evaluation of the label, a serious non-compliance with applicable regulations was found. The pH of the products ranged between 5.6 and 8.4; Significant differences (p⟨0.05) were found between the three groups with low (6.1), medium (7.2), and high (8.1) pH. Viscosity values were from 1131 to 3102. For the foam index, no statistically significant differences were found. 100% of the products analyzed complied with the rest of the quality tests carried out. The results of the quality analysis in this study will allow veterinarians specializing in small species to better select and recommend the products for their use and inform dog owners, about the safety, and value of the products.

Effectiveness of Topical 0.5% Ivermectin Shampoo in the Treatment of Pediculosis Capitis among School-going Female Children.

Background: Pediculosis is a common ectoparasitic infestation in children. There are different treatment modalities that have been used in the treatment of pediculosis capitis from time immemorial, each with their own shortcomings. Increasing emergence of resistance to permethrin has led to the lookout for newer alternatives. Aims and Objectives: The role of topical ivermectin in the management of pediculosis in people with culturally different hair grooming practices is analyzed in this study. Materials and Methods: This observational open-label clinical study was conducted in September-November 2019 in the schools that were under the rural health center at South India among school-going female children aged between 13 and 16 years of age and diagnosed with pediculosis. Results: This study demonstrated that a single application of ivermectin shampoo was able to kill head lice in 86.2% of the participants. In participants with persistent infection (13.8%), a repeat application killed the entire louse and 100% efficacy was demonstrated. Topical ivermectin is devoid of systemic side effects of oral ivermectin. Topical ivermectin has found to be more effective than contemporary recommended agents such as malathion and permethrin.

Effectiveness of preoperative shaving and postoperative shampooing on the infection rate in neurosurgery patients: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative shaving and postoperative shampooing on the infection rate in neurosurgery. DESIGN: Meta-analysis. DATA SOURCE: We conducted a search of the Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and PubMed databases up until February 1, 2022. Comparative studies were included. No language restrictions were applied. REVIEW METHODS: Original articles that compared the infection rate of patients who had their hair shaved before neurosurgery to the infection rate of unshaven patients were included. Original articles comparing the infection rates of patients whose hair was early postoperative shampooing versus patients whose hair was not shampooed after neurosurgery were also included. The risk of bias was also evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale by two authors independently. The meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager software (RevMan 5.3; Cochrane Collaboration). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed for dichotomous data (infection rate). The heterogeneity of the included studies was assessed using the I2 statistic (ranging from 0 to 100%). RESULTS: A total of 3451 studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Embase databases. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, however two studies did not provide data suitable for meta-analysis. Twelve studies were included in the review. Two historical control studies, four prospective studies, one clinical trial and five retrospective studies were identified. There were 4583 patients whose hair was not shaved and 4295 patients whose hair was shaved. Among them, there were 3874 patients whose hair was unshaved and was early postoperative shampooing. No significant difference in the infection rate was found between the unshaved group and shaved group (OR: 0.86, 95% CI [0.62, 1.19], P = 0.85, I2 = 0%). A significant difference in the infection rates in shunt surgery patients was found between the unshaved group and shaved group (OR: 0.43, 95% CI [0.19, 0.99], P = 0.89, I2 = 0%). No significant difference was found between the unshaved with early shampooing group and the shaved group (OR: 0.82, 95% CI [0.48, 1.41], P = 0.80, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION: Hair preservation before neurosurgery and early shampooing after neurosurgery did not increase the infection rate.

Development of EPS-rich herbal shampoo base fermented using Cyclea peltata leaf powder and Lactobacillus plantarum.

BACKGROUND: Studies show that the extensive use of chemical shampoos has a negative impact on health. Given the recent trends, the use of herbal shampoos is gaining importance. Cyclea peltata is a common plant in Kerala's coastal region that has traditionally been used to aid in wound healing, allergy relief, and hair and scalp improvement. Greenly produced silver nanoparticles made from plant sources have a wide range of medical applications. OBJECTIVE: The main objective is to optimize the base of the shampoo with better solid content by OFAT studies and characterize the silver nanoparticles synthesized using post optimized shampoo base. METHOD: Cyclea peltata leaves were fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum for the shampoo formulation, substituting the chemical basis gelatin with an herbal fermented foundation. Silver nanoparticles combined with an herbal formulation should be as safe as herbal shampoo while also being as effective as chemical shampoo. Variation of concentration of Cyclea peltata leaf powder, variation of sucrose concentration, variation of concentration of yeast extract, variation of L. plantarum inoculum, variation of temperature, variation of agitation speed, and variation of time were all studied using the OFAT (One Factor At a Time) method. Silver nanoparticles synthesized using post optimized shampoo bases were also characterized by particle size, zeta potential, and FTIR analysis in order to better understand their properties. RESULTS: The results clearly indicated that all the six factors had a significant effect on the growth and production of EPS. The pH considered for the shampoo base is above 5 so as to maintain the acidic mantle of the scalp. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles from post optimized shampoo base were obtained within 17th hour of incubation, with single surface plasmon resonance at 420 nm. Nanoparticles showed a peak at -11.6 mv of zeta potential which means that the particles are less agglomerative and stable. Similar groups were seen in ftir spectrum of fermented silver nanoparticles and the plant extract which confirmed the capping of nanoparticles with plant phytochemicals. CONCLUSION: The study successfully prepared and characterized green synthesized silver nanoparticles from post optimized shampoo base and also optimized the shampoo base based on the EPS production. Characterization of the silver nanoparticles found that the nanoparticles synthesized were stable, less agglomerative, and had several useful components present in it.