Street and drug use experiences among sheltered children and adolescents in the Federal District of Brazil.

PROBLEM: The use of drugs by street children and adolescents is a problem found in most large cities around the world. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of street children and adolescents living in shelters in the Federal District, Brazil. An objective questionnaire was applied to 84 individuals from September 2016 to October 2017; 14 of them participated in the qualitative study. FINDINGS: Most participants were adolescents (84.5%) and males (64.3%), with a history of abandonment, domestic violence, and family drug abuse. All spent some time on the street; boys had a higher chance of being behind the school level and using drugs than girls. Over 60% had used drugs in the previous year, mainly alcohol and marijuana. Over 70% understand the health consequences of this behavior, but most have never tried or failed to stop. About 40% consider themselves dependent on drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that street-life experience, peer pressure, and exposure to drugs within the family had an important impact on respondent's drug use behavior, reinforcing the importance of education programs that focus on the family.

Geographic Distribution of Common Vampire Bat Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) Shelters: Implications for the Spread of Rabies Virus to Cattle in Southeastern Brazil.

Desmodus rotundus bats show a complex social structure and developed adaptive characteristics, considered key features of a pathogen disseminator, such as the rabies virus, among bats and other mammals, including cattle and humans. Our aim was to understand the correlation between the environment and the ecological features of these bats in bovine rabies outbreaks. Geostatistical analyses were performed, covering 104 cattle positives for rabies, between 2016 and 2018, in 25 municipalities, in addition to the characteristics of D. rotundus colonies mapped during this period in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data from the shelters showed that 86.15% were artificial, mainly abandoned houses (36.10%) and manholes (23.87%), in addition to demonstrating a correlation between these shelters and a higher concentration of bovine rabies cases. Due to their adaptive capacity, these bats choose shelters close to the food source, such as livestock. In Brazil, D. rotundus is the main transmitter of rabies and the cause of outbreaks in cattle and deaths in humans, considering the advance of humans in previously preserved ecosystems. There seems to be a correlation between the impact of anthropic changes on the environment, mainly for the expansion of pasture for cattle and the outbreaks of bovine rabies in this area.

Migrant shelters' response to COVID-19: Comparative case study in four cities close to the Mexico-United States border.

Introduction: In the context of a health contingency such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, some groups may remain invisible, so that their health needs go unnoticed. These groups include migrants, asylum seekers, and refugees (MAR). In Mexico there is a network of migrant shelters (casas del migrante-CM) that provide humanitarian assistance, including access to heath care. Given the major role of the CM in caring for migrants, it was important to identify the main elements of their internal capacities, and of the external resources in the cities in which they are located, that contributed to their role in protecting MRA`s health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: we use a comparative case study approach to understand, explain, and compare how internal capacities and external resources available to four CM in the north of Mexico, influenced the development and implementation of COVID-19 related strategies to protect MRA. The project took place during 2021 in Saltillo and Piedras Negras in Coahuila; Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, and in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. A total of 18 in-depth interviews were performed with key actors from the CM, academia, health care services and international agencies. Results: We found a range from a total closure of one CM, to the continuation of operation of three of them, with differences in the strategies developed to provide services and avoid infections within the facilities. MARs' still face multiple barriers to exercise their right to health, and the response of local governments towards migration and health impacts the response that CM were able to implement. Conclusion: There is a need to strengthening the preparedness and response capacities and coordination mechanisms of local, state and federal authorities to attain their responsibilities in the provision of services directed to MAR, including access to health care.

Leishmania infantum infection rate in dogs housed in open-admission shelters is higher than of domiciled dogs in an endemic area of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Epidemiological implications.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is caused by Leishmania infantum and is endemic in many areas of southeastern Brazil. We have hypothesized that the prevalence of infection by L. infantum in dogs housed in open-admission animal shelters is beyond the range of 3.4 - 9.6% reported among dogs domiciled in similar CVL-endemic areas. Hence, this study aimed to determine the rate of L. infantum infection among dogs maintained in shelters and to investigate the epidemiology of CVL in such environments by analyzing hematological and biochemical parameters. A total of 627 dogs from 17 different shelters across the State of Minas Gerais were screened using the Dual-Path Platform test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 211 (33.6%) were found to be seropositive in both tests. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed on skin, bone marrow and lymphoid tissues of 118 seropositive dogs with inconclusive CVL clinical diagnosis and, of these, 78 (66.1%) were PCR+ for L. infantum and 7 (5.9%) were PCR+ for L. amazonensis. One dog presented a PCR-RFLP profile that was consistent with co-infection by both parasites. Leishmania amazonensis DNA was detected in skin samples of six single-infected dogs and this constitutes a novel finding. Dogs infected only with L. amazonensis were less debilitated than those infected by L. infantum, which showed typical clinical manifestations of CVL. The co-infected dog showed only mild clinical signs. The results presented herein not only support our original hypothesis but also suggest that dogs are potential reservoirs of L. amazonensis. Public health authorities should acknowledge their responsibility towards animals in collective shelters, recognize that they are potential foci of zoonotic diseases, and establish proper functioning directives to minimize transmission to humans and to other dogs.

Recruitment of pioneer trees with physically dormant seeds under climate change: the case of Vachellia pennatula (Fabaceae) in semiarid environments of Mexico.

Most tree species native to arid and semiarid ecosystems produce seeds with physical dormancy, which have impermeable coats that protect them from desiccation and prevent germination when the environmental conditions are unfavorable for seedling establishment. This dormancy mechanism may confer some degree of tolerance to seeds facing warmer and drier conditions, as those expected in several regions of the world because of climate change. Scarification of these seeds (removal of protective coats) is required for stimulating germination and seedling development. However, as scarification exposes seeds to the external environmental conditions, it can promote desiccation and viability loss in the future. To test these hypotheses, we performed field experiments and sowed scarified and unscarified seeds of a pioneer tree native to semiarid ecosystems of Mesoamerica (Vachellia pennatula) under the current climate and simulated climate change conditions. The experiments were conducted at abandoned fields using open-top chambers to increase temperature and rainout shelters to reduce rainfall. We measured microenvironmental conditions within the experimental plots and monitored seedling emergence and survival during a year. Air temperature and rainfall in climate change simulations approached the values expected for the period 2041-2080. Seedling emergence rates under these climatic conditions were lower than under the current climate. Nevertheless, emergence rates in climate change simulations were even lower for scarified than for unscarified seeds, while the converse occurred under the current climate. On the other hand, although survival rates in climate change simulations were lower than under the current climate, no effects of the scarification treatment were found. In this way, our study suggests that climate change will impair the recruitment of pioneer trees in semiarid environments, even if they produce seeds with physical dormancy, but also indicates that these negative effects will be stronger if seeds are scarified.

Subtle structures with not-so-subtle functions: A data set of arthropod constructs and their host plants.

The construction of shelters on plants by arthropods might influence other organisms via changes in colonization, community richness, species composition, and functionality. Arthropods, including beetles, caterpillars, sawflies, spiders, and wasps often interact with host plants via the construction of shelters, building a variety of structures such as leaf ties, tents, rolls, and bags; leaf and stem galls, and hollowed out stems. Such constructs might have both an adaptive value in terms of protection (i.e., serve as shelters) but may also exert a strong influence on terrestrial community diversity in the engineered and neighboring hosts via colonization by secondary occupants. Although different traits of the host plant (e.g., physical, chemical, and architectural features) may affect the potential for ecosystem engineering by insects, such effects have been, to a certain degree, overlooked. Further analyses of how plant traits affect the occurrence of shelters may therefore enrich our understanding of the organizing principles of plant-based communities. This data set includes more than 1000 unique records of ecosystem engineering by arthropods, in the form of structures built on plants. All records have been published in the literature, and span both natural structures (91% of the records) and structures artificially created by researchers (9% of the records). The data were gathered between 1932 and 2021, across more than 50 countries and several ecosystems, ranging from polar to tropical zones. In addition to data on host plants and engineers, we aggregated data on the type of constructs and the identity of inquilines using these structures. This data set highlights the importance of these subtle structures for the organization of terrestrial arthropod communities, enabling hypotheses testing in ecological studies addressing ecosystem engineering and facilitation mediated by constructs. There are no copyright restrictions and please cite this paper when using the data in publications.

The epidemiological follow-up process for suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 in migrant shelters on the northern border of Mexico from July to December 2020: Between contagion underestimation and containment.

Background: Elements associated with an increased risk factor for the contagion of COVID-19 in shelters include the turnover and overcrowding of people, time spent in communal areas, daily supply needs, water availability, and sanitation levels. The "Report on the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migrants and Refugees," shows that factors such as the shortage of food, supplies, water, sanitizing materials, spaces for healthy distancing, financial resources for rent and essential services, and the lack of medical or psychological care complicated providing care for migrants and applicants seeking international protection. Objective: We describe shelter operations regarding the detection and follow-up of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases showing mild symptoms among the migrant population housed in the border cities under study. Methods: We conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with study subjects (people in charge, managers, coordinators, shelter directors) from 22 migrant shelters, and 30 with key informants. We studied the cities of Tijuana (Baja California), Nogales (Sonora), Ciudad Juárez (Chihuahua), Piedras Negras (Coahuila), and Heroica Matamoros (Tamaulipas). The research was based on a qualitative methodological design with an ethnographic approach. The information collected was transcribed and systematized into two tables or analytical templates, one for interviews with study subjects, and another for interviews with key actors. Findings: Overall, seventy-eight registered shelters provided accommodation services for migrants in the five cities the study focused on: thirty-seven in Tijuana, five in Nogales, twenty-two in Ciudad Juárez, eight in Piedras Negras, and five plus a camp (six in total) in Matamoros. The major concentration of shelters was in Tijuana (47.4%) and Ciudad Juárez (28.2%). At the beginning of the pandemic, only a few shelter facilities met quarantine and isolation guidelines, such as having separate bathrooms and sufficient space to isolate the "asymptomatic" and "confirmed" from close "contacts". The lack of isolation space and the inability to support the monitoring of patients with COVID-19 posed a challenge for those housed in shelters, forcing many shelters to close or continue operating behind closed doors to avoid becoming a source of infection during the pandemic. Discussion and outlook: Contrary to speculation, during the onset of the pandemic northern border migrant shelters did not become sources of COVID-19 infection. According to the data analyzed from 78 shelters only seven had confirmed cases, and the classification of "outbreak" was applied only in two facilities. Contagion control or containment was successful as the result of following a preventive containment logic, including the isolation of all suspected but unconfirmed cases, without a clear understanding of the human and financial resources required to maintain isolation areas. However, shelters in the study implemented protocols for epidemiological surveillance, control, and prevention with elements that interfered with monitoring spaces, and processes that caused oversights that resulted in underestimating the number of cases. Limitations: Due to travel restrictions imposed to prevent and contain coronavirus infections it was impossible to stay on-site in the cities studied, except for Tijuana, or carry-out recordings of migrants' views in shelters.

Observations from the emergency management of dialysis patients evacuated from the US Virgin Islands to Puerto Rico following hurricane Irma.

Two category 5 hurricanes, Irma and Maria, arrived in the Caribbean in September 2017 in rapid succession. On September 6, Irma devastated the islands of St. Thomas and St. John, in the Virgin Islands of the United States (USVI). Most medical infrastructure was damaged, including hemodialysis facilities, paralyzing dialysis operations. After Irma's landfall, Puerto Rico served as a safehaven for thousands of displaced and repatriated persons from the impacted islands. These included a cohort of 129 hemodialysis patients evacuated from St. Thomas, USVI to San Juan, Puerto Rico from September 9-11, 2017. The hemodialysis patients arrived first at hotels in San Juan and were then transferred to a Special Needs Shelter, run by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and located in the Puerto Rico Convention Center. With the imminent arrival of Hurricane Maria, most patients were evacuated on September 19 to a special needs shelter on the campus of the Florida International University, in Miami, Florida. While in San Juan, hemodialysis treatments were provided by local nephrologists working with local hemodialysis centers. Here, we describe the challenges and the emergency management actions taken to ensure continuity of care, including providing dialysis, general medical care, shelter, food and transportation for USVI dialysis patients during their stay in San Juan, Puerto Rico. We describe here the experiences of federal and host state/territorial officials in the special needs shelter, in the context of the state/territorial and federal response to disasters, in order to provide ideas about challenges, solutions, and approaches to coordinating care for dialysis patients evacuated from a disaster.

Epidemiologia de los casos de COVID - 19 diagnosticados en albergues sanitarios del gran Asunción, Paraguay (2020) / Epidemiology of COVID cases - 19 diagnosed in sanitary shelters in greater Asunción, Paraguay (2020)

Paraguay habilitó albergues sanitarios para que guarden cuarentena las personas venidas del exterior, como medida para evitar la propagación de casos de COVI-19. El objetivo fue describir las características epidemiológicas de los casos de COVID-19 diagnosticados en los albergues sanitarios en el Gran Asunción desde el 7 de marzo al 30 de setiembre. Estudio descriptivo, transversal, temporalmente retrospectivo. El muestreo fue no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. Las variables de los casos confirmados fueron, sexo, edad y distritos. Fueron utilizados datos de acceso abierto del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social. Para análisis estadístico de las variables fueron incluidas frecuencias, expresadas como porcentajes, para lo cual fue utilizado el programa Excel. Se diagnosticaron 390 casos en el Gran Asunción. El mayor número de casos se registró en agosto (118 casos). El 69,2% (270) de los casos en el Gran Asunción fue del sexo masculino, relación hombre/mujer de 2,3. El 34,9% (136) tenía edades entre 20 a 29 años, (promedio 33.8±16,14, IC95% 2,2- 65,5). El 80% (310) del total se presentó en menores de 50 años. Las ciudades con mayor cantidad de casos fueron Asunción (46,2%, 180) y los Distritos de Luque (8,7%, 34); Ñemby (6,4%, 25) y Capiatá (5,1%,20). Las características epidemiológicas presentadas son las esperadas, dado el perfil sociodemográfico de estas ciudades

Paraguay opened sanitary shelters to quarantine people arriving from abroad, as a measure to prevent the spread of COVID-19 cases. The objective was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases diagnosed in sanitary shelters in Greater Asunción from March 7 to September 30. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional, temporally retrospective study, with non - probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases. The variables of confirmed cases in quarantine facilities were sex, age and departments. Open access data from the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare were used. For statistical analysis of the variables, frequencies, expressed as percentages, were included and the Excel program was used for it. Three hundred and ninety cases were diagnosed in Greater Asunción. The highest number of cases was in August (118 cases), 69.2% (270) of the cases in Greater Asunción were male, with a male/female ratio of 2.3, 34.9% (136) ranged from 20 to 29 years old, (mean 33.8 ±16.14, 95% CI 2.2-65.5). Eighty percent (310) of the cases occurred in the population under 50 years of age. The locations that presented the highest number of cases were Asunción (46.2%, 180) and the Districts of Luque (8.7%, 34); Ñemby (6.4%, 25) and Capiatá (5.1%, 20). The epidemiological characteristics presented were expected given the socio demographic profile of these cities

COVID-19 outbreaks at shelters for women who are victims of gender-based violence from Ecuador.

BACKGROUND: One of the constraints in containing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador is limited testing capacity, especially in high-risk populations such as people living in humanitarian shelters. OBJECTIVES: The "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees" office in Ecuador in collaboration with "Universidad de Las Américas" performed surveillance screening at shelters for women victims of gender-based violence. They had been granted access to RT-qPCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis since July 2020, a few weeks after the general population lockdown was lifted. RESULTS: From 411 people tested, 52 tests were SARS-CoV-2 positive, yielding an overall high attack rate of 12.65%. Moreover, COVID-19 outbreaks were found in nine of 11 shelters that were included in the study. While attacks rates varied among shelters, no association was found with occupancy. CONCLUSION: This study is key to clarifying the epidemiological situation in this highly vulnerable population in Latin America. It highlights the importance of mass testing beyond the symptomatic population to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

"É muito peso para uma pessoa só": narrativas interativas de adolescentes sobre o (des) acolhimento institucional / "Too much weight for one person": interactive narratives of teenagers about the loss of an institutional shelter / "Fue demasiado peso para una persona sola": narrativas interactivas de adolescentes sobre la pérdida del refugio institucional

O objetivo deste estudo é compreender a experiência emocional de 14 adolescentes abrigados frente a possibilidade de desabrigamento considerando a usual permanência prolongada do adolescente na situação de acolhimento institucional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa psicanalítica em que adotamos uma Narrativa Interativa (NI) em duas entrevistas coletivas seguidas de uma reflexão sobre o tema investigado, além de uma entrevista individual seguida de um momento de reflexão com uma adolescente que não teve a oportunidade de participar do grupo. A análise do material narrativo resultou em campos de sentido afetivo-emocional. Destacamos o campo emblemático "É muito peso para uma pessoa só", que descortina os sucessivos desabrigamentos e o consequente desamparo vividos pelos jovens como resultados da sobreposição de vulnerabilidades que cercam a vida dos participantes.

The aim of this study is to understand the emotional experience of 14 sheltered adolescents in the face of the possibility of helplessness considering the usual prolonged stay of the adolescent in the institutional shelter situation. This is a qualitative psychoanalytic research in which we adopted an Interactive Narrative (NI) in two group interviews and one individual interview followed by a reflection on the theme investigated, in addition to an individual interview, followed by a moment of reflection with a teenager who did not have the opportunity to participate in the group. The analysis of narrative material resulted in fields of affective-emotional meaning. We highlight the emblematic field "It's too much weight for one person", which reveals the successive homelessness episodes and the consequent helplessness experienced by the young people as a result of the overlapping vulnerabilities that surround the participants' lives.

El objetivo de este estudio es comprender la experiencia emocional de 14 adolescentes protegidos ante la posibilidad de quedarse sin hogar considerando la prolongada estadía habitual del adolescente en la situación del refugio institucional. Esta es una investigación psicoanalítica cualitativa en la que adoptamos una Narrativa Interactiva (NI) en dos entrevistas grupales y una entrevista individual seguida de una reflexión sobre el tema investigado, además de una entrevista individual seguida de un momento de reflexión con una adolescente que no tuvo la oportunidad de participar en el grupo. El análisis del material narrativo resultó en campos de significado afectivo-emocional. Destacamos el campo emblemático "Es demasiado peso para una persona sola", que revela la sucesiva falta de vivienda y la consecuente impotencia experimentada por los jóvenes como resultado de las vulnerabilidades superpuestas que rodean las vidas de los participantes.

Modelling and validation of the spatial distribution of suitable habitats for the recruitment of invasive plants on climate change scenarios: An approach from the regeneration niche.

The regeneration niche concept states that plant species only occur in habitats where the environmental conditions allow their recruitment. This study focuses on this concept and proposes a novel approach for modelling and experimentally validating the distribution of suitable habitats for the recruitment of invasive plants under the current and future climate. The biological invasion of the Peruvian peppertree (Schinus molle) in Mexico is used as practical example. The values of eight bioclimatic variables associated to sites in which young, naturally established seedlings and saplings were detected were used to model the current distribution of recruitment habitats. A machine-learning algorithm of maximum entropy (MaxEnt) was used to calibrate the model and its output indicated the distribution of occurrence probabilities of young peppertrees in Mexico under the current climate. This model was projected on climate change scenarios predicted for the middle of this century, which indicated that the cover of suitable recruitment habitats for this invasive species will shrink. To validate these predictions, field experiments were performed at three sites where the model predicted reduced occurrence probabilities of young peppertrees. In these experiments, emergence and survival rates of peppertree seedlings were assessed under the current climate and under simulated climate change conditions. As seedling emergence and survival rates were lower under simulated climate change conditions, the experiments validated the model predictions. These results supported our proposal, which combines modelling and experimental approaches to make accurate and valid predictions about the distribution of suitable recruitment habitats for invasive plants in a warmer and drier world.

Emprestar os ouvidos: a escuta da criança em acolhimento institucional / Lending the ears: listening to children in institutional care / Prestando los oídos: escuchando a los niños en cuidado institucional

O trabalho em instituição de acolhimento é complexo e também contraditório, podendo ocasionar grandes angústias. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar de que modo profissionais que atuam em instituição de acolhimento realizam a escuta da criança. Trata-se de um estudo de caso coletivo sustentado na psicanálise, do qual participaram dez profissionais que responderam a uma entrevista mediada pela apresentação de uma figura do Teste de Apercepção Infantil - CAT, e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os participantes demonstraram ambivalências na atuação profissional, notadamente em atividades que demandam maior proximidade e engajamento afetivo. Verificou-se que a escuta ativa tem sido realizada pelos entrevistados, promovendo sentimentos de tristeza, dor, impotência, insegurança, bem como dúvidas e sensação de despreparo diante dos relatos. Recomenda-se a formação continuada e o incentivo à escuta ativa, oferecendo recursos para que tal estratégia seja empregada visando ao melhor interesse da criança e considerando o bem-estar dos profissionais desse campo.

Working in a host institution is complex and contradictory and it might give rise to great anxiety. This study aims to investigate how professionals of host institutions undertake the process of listening to the child. Grounded in psychoanalysis, it is a collective case study: ten professionals responded to an interview based on the showing of a picture from the Children's Apperception Test (CAT), followed by a semi-structured interview. The respondents expressed ambivalence over their professional performance, notably in activities that demand greater closeness and affective engagement. It was found that the respondents had been engaged in active listening, which had led them to feelings of sadness, pain, helplessness, insecurity, as well as doubts and a sense of unpreparedness in face of the accounts. It is recommended that professionals be given continuing education, encouragement to practice active listening, and the resources necessary in order to pursue such goals, both for the benefit of the child and the well-being of those who work in this field.

El trabajo en una institución de acogimiento es complejo y contradictorio, lo que puede causar una gran angustia. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar cómo los profesionales que trabajan en una institución de acogimiento escuchan a los niños. Este es un estudio de caso colectivo basado en el psicoanálisis, en el cual participaron diez profesionales, que respondieron a una entrevista mediada por la presentación de una figura del Test de apercepción infantil CATA- y una entrevista semiestructurada. Los participantes demostraron ambivalencias en la actuación profesional, especialmente en actividades que requieren mayor proximidad y compromiso afectivo. Se detectó que el ejercicio de escuchar activamente ha sido realizado por los entrevistados, promoviendo sentimientos de tristeza, dolor, impotencia, inseguridad, así como dudas y sensación de no encontrarse preparado ante los relatos. Se recomienda la educación continua y el incentivo de la escucha activa, ofreciendo recursos para que dicha estrategia se emplee para despertar un mayor interés del niño y considerando el bienestar de los profesionales en este campo de trabajo.

Soroprevalência de Ehrlichia canis em cães de abrigos e associações de proteção, do oeste do Paraná, Brasil / Soroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis in dogs from shelters and protection associations in western Paraná, Brazil / Soroprevalencia de Ehrlichia canis en perros de refugios y asociaciones de protección, del oeste de Paraná, Brasil

A erliquiose é uma doença riquetsial infecciosa causada por uma bactéria, pertencente ao gênero Ehrlichia, muito comum em cães e considerada uma importante hemoparasitose. Devido sua relevância na população canina e fácil transmissão por meio de carrapatos, mostra-se necessário conhecer melhor os aspectos epidemiológicos desta doença. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de Ehrlichia canis e os aspectos hematológicos em cães de abrigos temporários, de associações de proteção aos animais abandonados, nos municípios de Palotina e Guaíra, no Paraná. No total, 60 cães foram submetidos à coleta de amostras sanguíneas, para realização de hemograma e imunoflourescência indireta para detecção dos anticorpos anti-E. canis. A prevalência encontrada foi de 60% (36/60), não houve correlação positiva com relação ao sexo dos animais, presença de carrapatos ou trombocitopenia. Os dados revelam uma alta prevalência desta doença parasitária em cães de abrigos e a necessidade do estabelecimento de medidas de controle dos agentes transmissores.(AU)

Ehrlichiosis is an infectious ricketsial disease caused by bacteria belonging to the Ehrlichia genus. It is very common in dogs and is considered as an important hemoparasitosis. Due to its relevance in the canine population and its easy transmission through ticks, it is necessary to further understand the epidemiological aspects of the disease. This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of Ehrlichia canis and the hematological aspects in dogs from temporary shelters and associations for the protection of abandoned animals in the cities of Palotina and Guaíra, in the state of Paraná. Blood samples were collected from 60 dogs for blood count and indirect immunofluorescence testing, and detection of anti-E. canis antibodies. A prevalence of 60% (36/60) was found, with no positive correlation regarding the gender of the animals, presence of ticks, or thrombocytopenia. The data reveal a high prevalence of this parasitic disease in shelter dogs and the need to establish control measures related to the transmitting agents.(AU)

Ehrlichiosis es una enfermedad ricketsial infecciosa causada por una bacteria perteneciente al género Ehrlichia, muy frecuente en perros y considerada una importante hemoparasitaria. Debido a su relevancia en la población canina y fácil transmisión a través de garrapatas, es necesario conocer mejor los aspectos epidemiológicos de esta enfermedad. Este estudio tenía como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia de Ehrlichia canis, así como los aspectos hematológicos para la protección de animales abandonados en los municipios de Palotina y Guaíra, Paraná. Un total de 60 perros fueron sometidos a muestras de sangre para el recuento sanguíneo y la inmunoflourescencia indirecta detección de anticuerpos anti-E canis. La prevalencia encontrada fue del 60% (36/60), sin correlación positiva con la el sexo de los animales, la presencia de garrapatas o trombocitopenia. Los datos revelan una alta prevalencia de esta enfermedad parasitaria en perros refugio y la necesidad de establecer medidas de control para los agentes transmisores.(AU)

canis em cães de abrigos e associações de proteção, do oeste do Paraná, Brasil / Soroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis in dogs from shelters and protection associations in western Paraná, Brazil / Soroprevalencia de Ehrlichia canis en perros de refugios y asociaciones de protección, del oeste de Paraná, Brasil

A erliquiose é uma doença riquetsial infecciosa causada por uma bactéria, pertencente ao gênero Ehrlichia, muito comum em cães e considerada uma importante hemoparasitose. Devido sua relevância na população canina e fácil transmissão por meio de carrapatos, mostra-se necessário conhecer melhor os aspectos epidemiológicos desta doença. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de Ehrlichia canis e os aspectos hematológicos em cães de abrigos temporários, de associações de proteção aos animais abandonados, nos municípios de Palotina e Guaíra, no Paraná. No total, 60 cães foram submetidos à coleta de amostras sanguíneas, para realização de hemograma e imunoflourescência indireta para detecção dos anticorpos anti-E. canis. A prevalência encontrada foi de 60% (36/60), não houve correlação positiva com relação ao sexo dos animais, presença de carrapatos ou trombocitopenia. Os dados revelam uma alta prevalência desta doença parasitária em cães de abrigos e a necessidade do estabelecimento de medidas de controle dos agentes transmissores.(AU)

Ehrlichiosis is an infectious ricketsial disease caused by bacteria belonging to the Ehrlichia genus. It is very common in dogs and is considered as an important hemoparasitosis. Due to its relevance in the canine population and its easy transmission through ticks, it is necessary to further understand the epidemiological aspects of the disease. This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of Ehrlichia canis and the hematological aspects in dogs from temporary shelters and associations for the protection of abandoned animals in the cities of Palotina and Guaíra, in the state of Paraná. Blood samples were collected from 60 dogs for blood count and indirect immunofluorescence testing, and detection of anti-E. canis antibodies. A prevalence of 60% (36/60) was found, with no positive correlation regarding the gender of the animals, presence of ticks, or thrombocytopenia. The data reveal a high prevalence of this parasitic disease in shelter dogs and the need to establish control measures related to the transmitting agents.(AU)

Ehrlichiosis es una enfermedad ricketsial infecciosa causada por una bacteria perteneciente al género Ehrlichia, muy frecuente en perros y considerada una importante hemoparasitaria. Debido a su relevancia en la población canina y fácil transmisión a través de garrapatas, es necesario conocer mejor los aspectos epidemiológicos de esta enfermedad. Este estudio tenía como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia de Ehrlichia canis, así como los aspectos hematológicos para la protección de animales abandonados en los municipios de Palotina y Guaíra, Paraná. Un total de 60 perros fueron sometidos a muestras de sangre para el recuento sanguíneo y la inmunoflourescencia indirecta detección de anticuerpos anti-E canis. La prevalencia encontrada fue del 60% (36/60), sin correlación positiva con la el sexo de los animales, la presencia de garrapatas o trombocitopenia. Los datos revelan una alta prevalencia de esta enfermedad parasitaria en perros refugio y la necesidad de establecer medidas de control para los agentes transmisores.(AU)

Asociación entre el nivel de soledad percibido y el uso de Internet en las personas sin hogar / Association between perceived loneliness and Internet use among homeless people

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la asociación entre los niveles de soledad percibida y el acceso a Internet en personas sin hogar. La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 129 personas sin hogar que asistieron a un albergue en Monterrey, México (n=129). Para medir las variables del estudio (uso de Internet y niveles de soledad de las personas sin hogar que asisten a albergues) se administró un cuestionario a cada participante, que contenía tres secciones principales: (1) datos de control; (2) uso de Internet y tecnologías de información; y (3) niveles de soledad social y emocional. Los resultados mostraron que: (1) los niveles de soledad están muy por encima del promedio reportado en estudios con otras poblaciones vulnerables; (2) el 51.9% de los participantes han usado Internet en algún momento y lo usan principalmente para contactar a familiares y amigos; y (3) existe una diferencia nominal, aunque no estadísticamente significativa, entre los niveles de soledad de los que usan Internet y los que no. Los resultados de esta investigación sugieren que proporcionar acceso a Internet en los albergues tiene potencial de impactar positivamente la calidad de vida de sus beneficiarios.

Abstract This study aimed to identify the association between the level of perceived loneliness and Internet use among homeless people. The sample consisted of 129 homeless people who were assisted at a shelter in Monterrey (Mexico). To measure the variables of the study, a survey with three main sections was conducted: demographic data, use of Internet and information technologies, and perceived levels of emotional and social loneliness. The results showed: (1) their levels of loneliness were above the average reported in studies with other vulnerable populations; (2) 51.9% of participants have used the Internet at some point in time and use it mainly to contact family and friends; (3) there is a nominal difference, although not statistically significant, between the levels of loneliness of those who use the Internet and those who do not. These results suggest that providing Internet access in shelters may positively influence the quality of life of its beneficiaries.

Percepção e práticas de cuidadores de lares de infância e juventude sobre saúde bucal no município de Belém, Brasil / Perception and practices of caregivers of childhood and youth shelters concerning oral health in the city of Belém, Brazil

Crianças não inseridas dentro de uma organização social familiar merecem atenção especial quanto ao cuidado com a saúde bucal. Investigar noções de cuidado e práticas de higiene de cuidadores torna-se imprescindível para a compreensão da qualidade da assistência caritativa prestada em abrigos. Assim, este estudo avaliou conhecimentos e práticas em saúde bucal dos cuidadores de abrigos a partir da escolaridade e realização de atividades em saúde bucal. A amostra foi composta por cuidadores vinculados às quatro únicas instituições públicas de apoio social a crianças e adolescentes da cidade de Belém, PA, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário contemplando noções básicas de saúde bucal e cuidados odontológicos, e submetidos a análise estatística por meio do teste do Qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, adotando α=0.05. Os resultados indicaram associação entre as variáveis "instrução prévia de técnicas de escovação" e "promoção de saúde bucal" (p= 0.011), demostrando maior frequência de orientação de escovação entre os cuidadores que já haviam recebido instruções sobre tais técnicas e entre as variáveis "grau de escolaridade" e "desenvolvimento de atividades de saúde bucal" (p= 0.0461), revelando que o acesso ao curso superior implicou em maior promoção de atividades de saúde bucal. Portanto, foi possível verificar que conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas dos cuidadores em relação à saúde oral se correlacionam, sendo a posse de conhecimentos e atitudes educativas indicadores favoráveis a práticas de promoção de saúde.

Children who are not part of a socially structured family deserve special attention regarding oral health care. Investigating notions of care and hygiene practices of caregivers becomes essential for understanding the quality of charitable assistance provided in shelters. Thus, this study evaluated oral health knowledge and practices of shelter caregivers based on education and oral health activities. The sample consisted of caregivers associated with the four unique public institutions for social support of children and adolescents in the city of Belém, PA, Brazil. Data were collected through a questionnaire covering basic notions of oral health and dental care and were subjected to statistical analysis using the Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test, adopting α = 0.05. The results indicated an association between the variables "prior instruction in brushing techniques" and "oral health promotion" (p= 0.011), showing a higher frequency of brushing guidance among caregivers who had previously received instructions on such techniques and between the variables "education level" and "development of oral health activities" (p= 0.0461). This revealed that access to higher education implied a greater promotion of oral health activities. Therefore, it was possible to verify that the caregivers' knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to oral health are correlated, and having educational knowledge and attitudes are favorable indicators for health promotion practices.

Pest Control Potential of Social Wasps in Small Farms and Urban Gardens.

In environments undergoing constant transformation due to human action, such as deforestation and urbanization, the emergence of pests has become a challenge for agriculture and human welfare. In Brazil, over a thousand tonnes of pesticides are used annually, causing serious environmental damage such as the decline of insect populations. It is necessary to search for control alternatives in order to reduce the environmental impact caused by insecticides. This review aims to describe the use of social wasps as agents of biological control, focusing on the perspectives of their use in small farms and urban gardens, and to discuss the benefits of using this method. Studies have shown that 90-95% of the prey captured by wasps in small crops is made of leaf-eating caterpillars. In urban gardens, wasps diversify their prey, among which potential disease vectors, such as dipterans, stand out. We outline techniques for managing social wasp colonies in small farm and urban garden settings, including the use of artificial shelters. Among the advantages of using wasps as control agents, we highlight the practicality of the method, the low operational cost, the absence of prey resistance and the decrease of the use of insecticides.

Estudo retrospectivo e comparativo da prevalência de Giardia sp. em cães, gatos e pequenos ruminantes em áreas endêmicas em diferentes estados brasileiros / Retrospective and comparative study of Giardia sp. prevalence in dogs, cats, and small ruminants in endemic areas in different Brazilian states

Background: Giardia, an intestinal parasite of asexual reproduction, is an important etiologic agent of diarrhea in animals andhumans, transmitted by orofecal route. The disease caused by this agent, giardiasis, is endemic in the world and representingan important public health problem. The aim of the present study was do a retrospective study to determine the prevalence ofGiardia sp. in fecal samples from dogs, cats, sheep and goats (small ruminants) evaluated at FMVZ Unesp, Botucatu, SP. Inaddition, this study presents a review of the literature on the prevalence of this protozoan in dogs, cats and small ruminants indifferent states of Brazil, according to the environmental of these animals.Materials, Methods & Results: During 2011 to 2017, 2,698 fecal samples of dogs, 359 fecal samples of cats and 320 fecalsamples of goats and sheep were analyzed. A total of 18.9% of the dogs, 24.8% of the cats, and 6.6% of the goats and sheep werepositive for Giardia sp. Only previous studies that used the zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation (Faust technique) were includedfor comparation of prevalence. The prevalence of Giardia sp. in samples of centrifugation-fluctuation in zinc sulfate was similarin dogs, higher in cats and lower for small ruminants when compared to previous investigations. 4.4% and 6.7% of the positivesamples from dogs and cats, respectively, were associated with some co-infection. Co-infections by Cystoisospora spp., Ancylostoma spp. and/ or Toxocara spp. were the most common for dogs and cats.Discussion: This study reveals the presence of Giardia sp. in different animal species...(AU)