Exploration and preliminary clinical investigation of an adhesive approach for primary tooth restoration.

The current study aims to investigate a suitable adhesive for primary tooth enamel. Shear bond strength (SBS) of primary teeth and the length of resin protrusion were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparison tests after etching with 35% H 3PO 4. SBS and marginal microleakage tests were conducted with Single Bond Universal (SBU)/Single Bond 2 (SB2) adhesives with or without pre-etching using a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Clinical investigations were performed to validate the adhesive for primary teeth restoration using Chi-square tests. Results showed that the SBS and length of resin protrusion increased significantly with the etching time. Teeth in the SBU with 35% H 3PO 4 pre-etching groups had higher bond strength and lower marginal microleakage than those in the SB2 groups. Mixed fractures were more common in the 35% H 3PO 4 etched 30 s + SB2/SBU groups. Clinical investigations showed significant differences between the two groups in cumulative retention rates at the 6-, 12- and 18-month follow-up evaluations, as well as in marginal adaptation, discoloration, and secondary caries at the 12- and 18-month follow-up assessments. Together, pre-etching primary teeth enamel for 30 s before SBU treatment improved clinical composite resin restoration, which can provide a suitable approach for restoration of primary teeth.

A universal adhesive incorporating antimicrobial peptide nisin: effects on Streptococcus mutans and saliva-derived multispecies biofilms.

For purpose of enhancing the antibacterial activity of a universal adhesive, the antimicrobial peptide nisin was incorporated into Single Bond Universal and its antibacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans monospecific biofilms and saliva-derived multispecies biofilms was studied. Nisin was incorporated into Single Bond Universal and the antibacterial activity was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), phenol-sulfuric acid method and lactate dehydrogenase enzymatic method. The bonding properties were tested by microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and degree of conversion (DC). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference multiple comparison tests (P < 0.05). The Single Bond Universal incorporated with 3% (w/v) nisin could significantly inhibit the growth of the S. mutans monospecific biofilms (P< 0.01) and decrease the expression of genes related to extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis (gtfB, gtfC, gtfD and spaP) and acidogenicity (ldh) (P < 0.05). 3% (w/v) nisin-incorporated Single Bond Universal could also inhibit the growth of saliva-derived multispecies biofilms and decrease the excretion of EPS and lactic acid ( P< 0.05). µTBS and DC of 3% (w/v) nisin-incorporated Single Bond Universal did not deteriorate obviously (P > 0.05). In conclusion, 3% (w/v) nisin-incorporated Single Bond Universal substantially inhibited the growth of both S. mutans monospecific and saliva-derived multispecies biofilms without compromising the bonding properties.

Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength between fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth generation bonding agents: An In Vitro study.

AIM: To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin using eighth generation dental adhesive (G-Premio Bond) with fifth, sixth, and seventh generation dentin adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 64 freshly extracted non-carious, intact human premolar teeth were selected. Class V cavity was prepared by using high speed hand piece. The prepared samples were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 16). Group I: Adper single Bond 2 [fifth generation] (ASB-5), Group 2: Clearfil SE [sixth generation] (CSE-6), Group 3: Single Bond Universal [seventh generation] (SBU-7), Group 4: G-Premio Bond [eighth generation] (GPB-8). Bonding agents were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions and light cured. Then, the Nano composite Filtek Z350 was placed in a two layer increment using Teflon Jig (2 × 2 × 2 mm) and was light-cured for 40 s. Shear bond strength was tested by a universal testing machine. This study was carried out by using Tukey HSD post-hoc test where P ≤ 0.05 was considered as a statistical significant. RESULTS: The highest value of shear bond strength was obtained from G-Premio Bond (eighth generation) showed statistically significant difference when compared to seventh generation bonding agent. However, there is no statistical significant difference between eighth and fifth, sixth generation. CONCLUSION: The study concluded the G-Premio Bond (eighth generation) showed effective shear bond strength than other bonding agents. This bonding agent is compatible with self-etch without use of primer which gives highly long lasting esthetic, wear resistant, and it is ideal for hypersensitive tooth.

Effect of air-particle pressures on the surface topography and bond strengths of resin cement to the hybrid ceramics.

This study aimed to determine the appropriate pressure for airborne-abrasion by comparing the shear bond strength values for different hybrid ceramic surfaces. Two materials were used to produce hybrid ceramic specimens: Lava Ultimate and MAZIC Duro. The group of specimens whose surfaces were not subjected to airborne-abrasion was set as the control group. In the experimental group, airborne-abrasion was performed at pressures of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 MPa. After the adhesive and resin cement was applied, an SBS test was performed. For the MAZIC Duro block, the SBS increased monotonically with the airborne-abrasion pressure increased, peaking at 0.3 MPa. For the Lava Ultimate block, the SBS increased as the airborne-abrasion pressure increased to 0.2 MPa, and then decreased in the 0.3-MPa group, thereby peaking at 0.2 MPa. This study has confirmed that the bonding strength varies with the material used even when applying the same surface treatment.

Tomographic Evaluation of Reparative Dentin Formation after Direct Pulp Capping with Ca(OH)2, MTA, Biodentine, and Dentin Bonding System in Human Teeth.

INTRODUCTION: New materials can increase the efficiency of pulp capping through the formation of a complete reparative dentin bridge with no toxic effects. The present study involved tomographic evaluations of reparative dentin bridge formation after direct pulp capping with calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fossés, France), and Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) in human teeth. METHODS: Forty-four caries-free, intact, human third molars scheduled for extraction were subjected to mechanical pulp exposure and assigned to 1 of 4 experimental groups depending on the pulp capping agent used: calcium hydroxide, MTA, Biodentine, or Single Bond Universal. After 6 weeks, the teeth were extracted and processed for cone-beam computed tomographic imaging and histologic examination. Tomographic data, including the density and volume of formed reparative dentin bridges, were evaluated using a scoring system. RESULTS: The reparative dentin formed in the calcium hydroxide, MTA, and Biodentine groups was significantly superior to that formed in the Single Bond Universal group in terms of thickness and volume. The dentin bridges in the Biodentine group showed the highest average and maximum volumes. The mean density of dentin bridges was the highest in the MTA group and the lowest in the Single Bond Universal group. CONCLUSIONS: The volume of reparative dentin bridges formed after direct pulp capping is dependent on the material used. Biodentine and MTA resulted in the formation of bridges with a significantly higher average volume compared with Single Bond Universal, and cone-beam computed tomographic imaging allowed for the identification of the location of dentin bridges.

Evaluación de la interfase adhesiva obtenida en restauraciones de resina compuesta realizadas con un sistema adhesivo universal utilizado con y sin grabado ácido previo / Evaluation of the adhesive interface obtained in composite restorations performed with a universal adhesive system used with and without acid etching

OBJETIVO El propósito de esta investigación fue realizar un estudio observacional in vitro, al microscopio electrónico de barrido, de la interfase adhesiva diente-restauración lograda al utilizar un sistema adhesivo universal (Single Bond Universal®, 3M/ESPE, Alemania), con grabado ácido previo y con la técnica de autograbado. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO En las piezas dentarias se realizaron cavidades clase V en las caras vestibular y palatina/lingual. En la cavidad vestibular se realizó la técnica de grabado ácido con H3PO4 al 37% en gel, mientras que en la cavidad palatina o lingual no se realizó grabado ácido. Las piezas restauradas fueron mantenidas en una estufa a 37 °C con 100% de humedad relativa durante 48 h, simulando el medio bucal. Las muestras obtenidas fueron cortadas a través de la restauración y acondicionadas para poder ser observadas al microscopio electrónico de barrido, para evaluar la interfase adhesiva en relación con la presencia de brechas y la formación de tags de resina. RESULTADOS Las imágenes fueron observadas con un aumento progresivo hasta los 2.000×, viéndose diferencias microestructurales en la penetración del adhesivo, aunque sin formación de brechas en la interfase adhesiva. CONCLUSIONES Se observó que, al utilizar ambas técnicas de aplicación se obtiene una interfase sin presencia de brechas. En esmalte, se generó una menor penetración del adhesivo en la estructura cristalina con la técnica de autograbado, mientras que en dentina, con la misma técnica, se genera una capa híbrida de menor espesor y tags de resina de menor longitud.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to study the tooth-restoration adhesive interface, using a universal adhesive system (Single Bond Universal, 3M/ESPE, Germany), with the techniques of etching and self-etching using scanning electron microscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Class V cavities were prepared in buccal and palatine/lingual surface, in human teeth. Etching with 37%H3PO4 was performed in the buccal cavity, with no etching being performed in the palatine or lingual cavity. The samples were placed in an oven at 37 °C and 100% humidity for 48 hours, simulating the oral environment. The samples were cut perpendicularly through the restoration and prepared to be observed by scanning electron microscopy, in order to evaluate the adhesive interface in relation to the presence of breaches and the formation of resin tags. RESULTS Images were observed with a gradual increase to 2000×. Microstructural differences were observed in the penetration of the adhesive but with no formation of breaches in the adhesive interface. CONCLUSIONS An unbreached interface is obtained when using both techniques. In enamel, less penetration was present in the crystal structure of the adhesive with the self-etching technique. While in dentin, with the same technique, a less thick hybrid layer and shorter resin tags were observed.