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1.
Rev. ORL (Salamanca) ; 13(3): 227-238, octubre 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-211127

ABSTRACT

Introduction and objective: Frontal rhinosinusitis usually resolves with medical therapy. However, when the sinonasal infection persists, the anatomy of this region can lead to severe and life-threatening complications due to infection spreading beyond the sinus namely to the intracranial compartment. This review aims to highlight the more recent developments on the management of frontal rhinosinusitis and its complications, from a practical perspective that is essential to accurately diagnose these complications. Method: A review of the literature was performed by the authors. PubMed database was searched with relevant terms, which included the following: «frontal sinusitis complications», «pediatric frontal sinusitis» and «frontal sinusitis imaging». Relevant scientific treaties were also used as ancillary to this review. A comprehensive review of the English and Portuguese literature was carried out, including papers published between 2000 and 2021. Our inclusion criteria included clinical trials, expert opinion papers, literature reviews, systematic reviews and clinical guidelines. Duplicate articles, case reports or very small sample studies were excluded prior general screening. Results: Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of them concerned the adult population, with four papers directly addressing the pediatric population. Two clinical guidelines, one large retrospective cohort study and two systematic reviews were selected. Twelve clinical review articles and small retrospective studies were selected, comprising most of the papers addressed. Four clinical text-books were also consulted for this review. Discussion: Morbidity and mortality from complicated sinusitis are mainly related to intracranial involvement. Although the mortality rate was higher before the era of antibiotic therapy, intracranial abscess still carries high mortality. (AU)


La rinosinusitis frontal suele resolverse con tratamiento médico. Sin embargo, cuando la infección de los senos paranasales persiste, la anatomía de esta región puede dar lugar a complicaciones graves y potencialmente mortales debido a que la infección se propaga más allá del seno, es decir, al compartimento intracraneal. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo resaltar las publicaciones más recientes sobre el manejo de la rinosinusitis frontal y sus complicaciones, desde una perspectiva práctica que es esencial para diagnosticar con precisión estas complicaciones. Método: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura por parte de los autores. Se buscó en la base de datos PubMed con términos relevantes, que incluían los siguientes: «complicaciones de la sinusitis frontal», «sinusitis frontal pediátrica» y «imagen de la sinusitis frontal». Los tratados científicos pertinentes también se utilizaron como complemento de esta revisión. Se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura en inglés y portugués, incluidos artículos publicados entre 2000 y 2021. Nuestros criterios de inclusión incluyeron ensayos clínicos, artículos de opinión de expertos, revisiones de literatura, revisiones sistemáticas y guías clínicas. Los artículos duplicados, los informes de casos o los estudios de muestras muy pequeñas se excluyeron antes de la selección general. Resultados: Veintiún estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La mayoría de ellos se referían a la población adulta, con cuatro artículos dirigidos directamente a la población pediátrica. Se seleccionaron dos guías clínicas, un gran estudio de cohorte retrospectivo y dos revisiones sistemáticas. Se seleccionaron doce artículos de revisión clínica y pequeños estudios retrospectivos, que comprenden la mayoría de los trabajos abordados. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Sinusitis , Frontal Sinusitis , Epidural Abscess , Brain Abscess , Therapeutics , Paranasal Sinuses
2.
Rev. ORL (Salamanca) ; 13(3): 271-276, octubre 2022. ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-211132

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Acute frontal rhinosinusitis is defined as an acute infection of the frontal sinus. Spreading of this infection to surrounding structures is uncommon but, when present, carries signif-icant morbidity and mortality. Description: In this case report, we present two unusual cases of frontal rhinosinusitis complications. Firstly, we describe a case of acute rhinosinusitis with orbital complications caused by a frontoethmoidal osteoma. In the second case, the infection extended to the underlying bone and through the skull causing osteomyelitis and focal meningitis complicated with an abscess. After appropriate treatment, both patients were free of infection at follow-up, without complications. Discussion: In the first case we presented, a frontoethmoidal osteoma gave rise to rhinosinusitis with orbital complications. These benign tumors rarely cause symptoms, but when large enough, sinus outflow can be blocked, making the osteoma clinically relevant. Osteomas can induce frontal rhinosinusitis, giving rise, among other condi-tions, to the development of orbital complications like periorbital cellulitis or the formation of a periorbital abscess. Diagnosis of osteoma is usually straightforward on computed tomography and surgical treatment is only indicated for large tumors, rapid growth, intracranial or orbitary extension. In the second clinical case, the infection extended to the underlying bone and through the skull causing osteomyelitis and focal meningitis with abscess formation. In this patient, a Draf Type IIa procedure was performed for the frontal abscess drainage, followed by proper antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy. Conclusions: Complications of frontal rhinosinusitis are uncommon but require immediate attention and aggressive treatment to avoid morbidity and mortality. In these cases, our patients were properly treated with good outcomes, avoiding potentially more dangerous complications. (AU)


Introducción: La rinosinusitis frontal aguda se define como una infección aguda del seno frontal. La propagación de esta infección a las estructuras circundantes es poco común, pero, cuando está presente, conlleva una morbilidad y mortalidad significativas. Descripción: En este reporte presentamos dos casos inusuales de complicaciones de rinosinusitis frontal. En primer lugar, describimos un caso de rinosinusitis aguda con complicaciones orbitarias por osteoma frontoetmoidal. En el segundo caso, la infección se extendió al hueso subyacente y a través del cráneo causando osteomielitis y meningitis focal complicada con un absceso. Tras el tratamiento adecuado, ambos pacientes quedaron libres de infección en el seguimiento, sin complicaciones. Discusión: En el primer caso que presentamos, un osteoma frontoetmoidal dio lugar a una rinosinusitis con complicaciones orbitarias. Estos tumores benignos rara vez causan síntomas, pero cuando son lo suficientemente grandes, el flujo de salida del seno puede bloquearse, lo que hace que el osteoma sea clínicamente relevante. De hecho, los osteomas pueden inducir una rinosinusitis frontal, dando lugar, entre otras condiciones, al desarrollo de complicaciones orbitarias como celulitis periorbitaria o formación de un absceso periorbitario. El diagnóstico de osteoma suele ser sencillo mediante tomografía computarizada y el tratamiento quirúrgico solo está indicado para tumores grandes, de crecimiento rápido, con extensión intracraneal u orbitaria. En el segundo caso clínico, la infección se extendió al hueso subyacente y a través del cráneo provocando osteomielitis y meningitis focal con formación de abscesos. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Frontal Sinusitis , Osteoma , Diagnosis , Osteomyelitis , Patients , Abscess
3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389789

ABSTRACT

Resumen Las sinusitis son procesos infecciosos-inflamatorios de las cavidades neumáticas paranasales. Entre las complicaciones de las sinusitis agudas se encuentra la afectación intracraneal, con meningoencefalitis e incluso abscesos extra o subdurales. En este trabajo se describe un caso de meningoencefalitis y empiemas subdurales derivados de una sinusitis frontal aguda en un niño de 12 años, que acudió a urgencias presentando alteración del nivel de conciencia y hemiparesia derecha. Se realizan estudios de tomografía computada y resonancia magnética cerebral, evidenciándose ocupación de seno frontal izquierdo, acompañada de extensa afectación hipercaptante en cubiertas en hemisferio cerebral izquierdo, con formación de empiemas subdurales a nivel frontal izquierdo, parafalciano y en reborde tentorial. Ingresa para tratamiento antibiótico intravenoso y dado el nivel de afectación y la escasa respuesta a tratamiento médico, se decide realizar cirugía endoscópica DRAF IIa con drenaje del absceso frontal, etmoidectomía y meatotomía media izquierda, con sonda de drenaje a fosa nasal. Las complicaciones a nivel de sistema nervioso central son graves y han de tenerse siempre presentes, requiriendo en ocasiones drenaje quirúrgico con abordaje por vía endonasal o abierta.


Abstract Sinusitis are infectious-inflammatory processes of the pneumatic paranasal cavities. Among the complications of acute sinusitis, we can find intracranial involvement, with meningoencephalitis and even extra or subdural abscesses. In this article we describe a case of meningoencephalitis and subdural empyemas associated with acute frontal sinusitis in a 12-year-old child who presented to the emergency room referring altered level of consciousness and right hemiparesis. Computed tomography scan and brain magnetic resonance imaging studies were performed, evidencing left frontal sinus occupation, accompanied by extensive hypercaptant defects in the left cerebral hemisphere, with formation of subdural empyemas at the left frontal level, parafalcian and in the tentorial area. He was hospitalized for intravenous antibiotic treatment, and given the lack of response to medical treatment, a DRAF IIa sinus surgery and drainage of the frontal abscess, ethmoidectomy and left middle meatotomy with drainage tube to the nasal cavity were performed. Complications at the central nervous system are serious and must always be kept in mind, sometimes requiring surgical drainage with an endonasal or open approach.

4.
Cir Cir ; 87(S1): 77-80, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31501634

ABSTRACT

We report an unusual case of a 53-year-old male with fistula, ectropion and lagophthalmos due to lateral frontal rhinosinusitis. Two years ago, he presented soft erythematous swelling at internal epicanthus. A year and a half before, he presented upper eyelid fistula secretion drainage, cicatricial ectropion and lagophthalmos. No otorhinolaryngological or visual discomfort was reported. Ophthalmology performed ectropion surgical repair using skin grafting, with no improvement. They requested magnetic resonance imaging which showed a suggestive image of frontal lateral sinusitis, being transferred to the Otorhinolaryngology service. External and endoscopic nasal surgery was performed, which resolved the sinus pathology with good evolution.


Se informa un inusual caso de un varón de 53 años, con fístula, ectropión y lagoftalmos derecho debido a rinosinusitis crónica frontal lateral. Dos años antes presentó tumefacción blanda y eritematosa en el epicanto interno. Un año y medio antes tuvo drenaje de secreción por fístula en el párpado superior, ectropión cicatrizal superomedial y lagoftamos ipsilateral, sin molestias otorrinolaringológicas ni alteración visual. El Servicio de Oftalmología realizó reparación quirúrgica mediante injerto de piel, sin mostrar mejoría, por lo que se solicitó resonancia magnética, que evidenció imagen indicativa de sinusitis frontal lateral derecha y fue transferido al Servicio de Otorrinolaringología. Se practicó una cirugía externa y endoscópica, que resolvió la afección sinusal, con buena evolución.


Subject(s)
Ectropion/etiology , Endoscopy/methods , Eyelid Diseases/etiology , Fistula/etiology , Frontal Sinusitis/complications , Rhinitis/complications , Ectropion/surgery , Eyelid Diseases/surgery , Fistula/surgery , Frontal Sinusitis/surgery , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Rhinitis/surgery
5.
Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp ; 67(5): 288-92, 2016.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26589487

ABSTRACT

Frontal swelling can be due to multiple etiologies, including: mucocele, Pott's puffy tumor, fibro osseous lesions, benign and malignant neoplasms of the nose and paranasal sinuses, intracranial lesions, and metastasis. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical protocol used for the diagnosis of patients presented with frontal swelling and the proposal for staging of inflammatory lesions. We performed an observational retrospective analysis. We found 7 cases of patients with frontal swelling: 4 cases secondary to inflammatory pathology (3 Potts puffy tumors and one frontal mucocele), and 3 cases secondary to neoplasms (one benign and 2 malignant neoplasms). It's very important to consider the wide differential diagnosis that can present as frontal swelling, from inflammatory pathologies secondary to possible advanced infections of the paranasal sinuses to invasive malignant neoplasms. We propose a system of staging of frontal inflammatory lesions.


Subject(s)
Edema/etiology , Forehead , Frontal Bone/pathology , Mucocele/pathology , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/pathology , Pott Puffy Tumor/pathology , Algorithms , Carcinoma, Papillary/complications , Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology , Carcinoma, Papillary/secondary , Cellulitis/diagnostic imaging , Cellulitis/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diagnosis, Differential , Edema/diagnostic imaging , Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic/complications , Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic/diagnostic imaging , Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic/pathology , Forehead/diagnostic imaging , Frontal Bone/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mucocele/complications , Mucocele/diagnostic imaging , Nose Neoplasms/complications , Nose Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Nose Neoplasms/pathology , Papilloma, Inverted/complications , Papilloma, Inverted/diagnostic imaging , Papilloma, Inverted/pathology , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/complications , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Pott Puffy Tumor/complications , Pott Puffy Tumor/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Sinusitis/complications , Sinusitis/diagnostic imaging , Skull Neoplasms/complications , Skull Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Skull Neoplasms/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
6.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 80(5): 317-20, 2014 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24103248

ABSTRACT

Pott's puffy tumor is a rare complication of frontal sinusitis characterized by swelling and edema in the brow due to a subperiosteal abscess associated with frontal osteomyelitis. Added complications are cellulitis by extension to the orbit and intracranial infection by posterior extension, with high risk of meningitis, intracranial abscess, and venous sinus thrombosis. Early diagnosis and aggressive medical or surgical treatment are essential for optimal recovery of affected patients. In the antibiotic age it is extremely rare, with very few cases described in the recent literature. A case is presented of a Pott inflammatory tumor in a 7 year-old boy, as a complication of acute pansinusitis who presented with front preseptal swelling and intracranial involvement with thrombosis of ophthalmic and superior orbital veins and frontal epidural abscess extending to the subarachnoid space.


Subject(s)
Frontal Sinusitis/complications , Pott Puffy Tumor/etiology , Child , Humans , Male
7.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 111(5): 436-440, Oct. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-694674

ABSTRACT

Se analiza el caso de un niño con sinusitis frontal, con una forma de presentación poco habitual que, además, padecía una complicación intracraneal grave. Las complicaciones intracraneales de las sinusitis son raras en cerebrales y trombosis del seno cavernoso. Se hace hincapié en la importancia del diagnóstico precoz y de un tratamiento empírico inicial adecuado para evitar las posibles complicaciones. Asimismo, cabe enfatizar que una vez producidas estas, requieren un tratamiento médico-quirúrgico intensivo para su resolución.


We present the case of a child with frontal sinusitis, who also suffers from a severe intracranial disease. Although sinusitis intracranial issues are rare nowadays, they include a wide range of serious entities such as meningitis, brain abscesses and thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. We emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and an adequate initial empirical treatment to prevent possible complications. Once they are presented, an aggressive surgical medical treatment is required for its resolution.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Pott Puffy Tumor , Pott Puffy Tumor/diagnosis , Pott Puffy Tumor/drug therapy
8.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 111(5): 436-440, oct. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-130897

ABSTRACT

Se analiza el caso de un niño con sinusitis frontal, con una forma de presentación poco habitual que, además, padecía una complicación intracraneal grave. Las complicaciones intracraneales de las sinusitis son raras en cerebrales y trombosis del seno cavernoso. Se hace hincapié en la importancia del diagnóstico precoz y de un tratamiento empírico inicial adecuado para evitar las posibles complicaciones. Asimismo, cabe enfatizar que una vez producidas estas, requieren un tratamiento médico-quirúrgico intensivo para su resolución.(AU)


We present the case of a child with frontal sinusitis, who also suffers from a severe intracranial disease. Although sinusitis intracranial issues are rare nowadays, they include a wide range of serious entities such as meningitis, brain abscesses and thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. We emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and an adequate initial empirical treatment to prevent possible complications. Once they are presented, an aggressive surgical medical treatment is required for its resolution.(AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Pott Puffy Tumor , Pott Puffy Tumor/diagnosis , Pott Puffy Tumor/drug therapy
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