ABSTRACT
This study aims to develop a novel technology for actual municipal wastewater treatment to achieve rapid sludge sedimentation and high pollutants removal efficiency. The SBRs were modified and operated with periodic addition of 20 µL·L-1 nanofloc®. Results revealed that NH4+-N and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was efficiently removed in both laboratory- and pilot-scale SBRs, and the average removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) was as high as 72.43 ± 2.66% and 98.63 ± 0.74%, respectively, with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h. Besides, the sludge volume index at 30 min (SVI30) was only 40.06 ± 1.99 mL·g-1, comparable with aerobic granular sludge (AGS). This novel technology could be proposed as a competitive method to upgrade, reconstruct and delay the expansion of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to its rapid sludge sedimentation and efficient pollutants removal with low HRT.
Subject(s)
Environmental Pollutants , Water Purification , Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis , Bioreactors , Nitrogen , Phosphorus , Sewage , Waste Disposal, Fluid , WastewaterABSTRACT
RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho é propor uma nova configuração de reatores Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) para utilização no tratamento unifamiliar, sendo menores e mais eficientes do que o tradicional tanque séptico. O sistema experimental foi projetado em escala piloto, constituindo-se de oito reatores UASB de 250 L cada. Seis dessas unidades são modificadas, mas mantêm o conceito e os princípios dos reatores UASB convencionais; no entanto, foram projetados com geometria diferenciada, alternando-se as zonas de sedimentação e digestão. Comparativamente a esses reatores, foram operados um reator UASB-Y e um UASB convencional. Todos os reatores foram capazes de digerir esgoto bruto de forma eficiente em tempos de detenção hidráulica de 12 e 6 horas. Foram obtidas eficiências de remoção do material orgânico de 67 a 74%. A análise de variância (ANOVA) mostrou que não houve diferença significativa entre as eficiências obtidas nos diferentes reatores. Uma elevada concentração de lodo foi retida na zona de digestão, obtendo-se, assim, elevada capacidade de tratamento. Os ensaios de sedimentação mostraram que as constantes de sedimentação obtidas para o lodo do reator são melhores que as obtidas para o lodo expulso juntamente com o efluente. Em contrapartida, as atividades metanogênicas dos lodos do reator e expulso não diferem significativamente.
ABSTRACT The aim of this work is to propose a new configuration UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) for use in single-family treatment, which is smaller and more efficient than the traditional septic tank (TS). The experimental system was designed on a pilot scale, consisting of eight reactors UASB 250 L each. Six of these units are modified, but keep the concept and principles of conventional UASB reactors; they were, however, designed with different geometry, alternating zones of sedimentation and digestion. Compared to these reactors, an UASB reactor-Y and a conventional UASB were operated. All reactors were able to digest raw sewage efficiently in hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 24:06 hours. Organic material removal efficiencies of 67-74% were obtained. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant difference between the efficiencies obtained in the different reactors. A high sludge concentration was retained in the digestion zone, thus yielding, high capacity treatment. Sedimentation tests have shown that the constants obtained for the sedimentation sludge reactor are better than those obtained for the sludge which is expelled with the effluent. In contrast, sludge methanogenic activity of the reactor and expelled sludge is not significantly different.
