Frecuencia del síndrome de desgaste profesional en un grupo de especialistas en Cirugía Plástica y estudiantes del posgrado en Colombia / Frequency of burnout syndrome in a group of specialists in Plastic Surgery and postgraduate students in Colombia

Introducción y objetivo: El síndrome burnout o síndrome de desgaste profesional, fue descrito por Freudenberger, psiquiatra psicoanalista norteamericano en 1974, y empleado públicamente por primera vez por Cristina Maslach en 1976 para referirse a una situación cada vez más frecuente entre trabajadores de los servicios humanos, que por la naturaleza de su trabajo, debían mantener un contacto directo y continuo con la gente, desgastándose profesionalmente tras meses o años de dedicación. En los 80, Maslach creó un instrumento para su valoración, el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), con 3 versiones, una de los cuales tiene como objetivo las personas que trabajan en el sector de servicios de la salud, que valora 3 dimensiones: agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización personal en el trabajo, que sigue vigente y es considerado el instrumento más utilizado y acertado para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad.El objetivo de nuestro estudio es determinar la frecuencia y factores asociados del síndrome de desgaste profesional en médicos especialistas y estudiantes de posgrado en Cirugía Plástica, Estética y Reconstructiva en Colombia.Material y método.Estudio de corte transversal durante el XX Curso Internacional de Cirugía Plástica Estética de la Sociedad Colombiana de Cirugía Plástica, Estética y Reconstructiva (SCCP) de septiembre 2018 en Barranquilla. Solicitamos consentimiento informado y utilizamos el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory y un cuestionario sociodemográfico para evaluar los factores asociados con el síndrome. Definimos el burnout o síndrome de desgaste profesional como la asociación de alto agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y bajo rendimiento profesional. Realizamos el análisis multivariado después del ajuste del modelo logístico binario con la identificación de los factores de riesgo y el calculo de (OR). De los 623 médicos registrados en el curso, 132 participaron en el estudio. (AU)

Background and objective: The burnout was originally described by Freudenberger, an American psychoanalyst psychiatrist in 1974, and this term was used for the first time by Cristina Maslach in 1976 to refer to an increasingly frequent situation among workers of human services, who by the nature of their work, had to maintain direct and continuous contact with people, wasting out professionally after months or years of dedication. In the 1980s, Maslach created an instrument for its assessment, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), with 3 versions, one aimed at people who work in the human services sector (Human Services Survey). It values 3 dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment at work, is still in use and is considered the most accurate instrument for diagnosing the disease.The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and associated factors of burnout syndrome in a group of plastic surgeons and postgraduate students in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery in Colombia.Methods.Cross-sectional study carried out during the XX International Course of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery of the Colombian Society of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (SCCP) carried out in September 2018 in Barranquilla. Informed consent was requested and the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used to evaluate the factors associated with the syndrome. Burnout syndrome was defined as the association of high emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment. The multivariate analysis was performed after fitting the binary logistic model with the identification of risk factors and the calculation of the (OR). Of the 623 physicians registered in the course, 132 participated in the study. (AU)

Revisão Integrativa sobre a Vivência de Mães de Crianças com Transtorno de Espectro Autista / Integrative Review on the Living of Mothers of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders / Revisión Integradora sobre la Vivencia de Madres de Niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista

Geralmente, é a mãe da criança com transtorno de espectro autista (TEA) que busca tratamento, dedica-se nos cuidados de seu filho, faz adaptações em seu cotidiano, podendo ter empobrecimento em sua vida social, afetiva e profissional, o que pode acarretar desgaste físico e emocional a essa mulher. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar na literatura científica a sobrecarga das mães de crianças com TEA e as formas encontradas por elas para lidar com dificuldades cotidianas decorrentes dessa problemática. Foi realizada revisão integrativa da literatura dos últimos doze anos, em artigos científicos relacionados à temática citada. Do procedimento de busca, resultaram seis artigos para o banco final de análise. Os resultados apontam a sobrecarga emocional com o enfrentamento dessa fase, a perda do filho idealizado, confusão de sentimentos, medo, estresse, ter de lidar com o preconceito, assim como a necessidade dessa mãe em ter auxílio no cuidado com o filho.

Generally, it is the mother of the child with autistic spectrum disorder (TEA) who dedicates herself to the care of her child, makes adaptations in her daily life, and may have impoverishment in her social, affective, and professional life, which can lead to physical and emotional exhaustion of this woman. This study aimed to identify in the scientific literature the overload of these mothers, as well as the coping strategies of the daily difficulties. An integrative review of the literature related to the subject, in the last twelve years, was carried out. The search procedure resulted in six articles for the final analysis bank. Because of this integral dedication, one can see the emotional overload with the confrontation of this phase, the loss of the child that was idealized, stress, dealing with prejudice, as well as the need of this mother to have assistance in caring for the child.

En general, la madre del niño con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es quien busca tratamiento, se dedica al cuidado de su hijo, adapta su cotidiano, pudiendo tener empobrecimiento en su vida social, afectiva y profesional, lo que puede acarrear desgaste físico y emocional a esa mujer. El objetivo fue identificar en la literatura científica la sobrecarga de las madres de los niños con TEA, así como las formas encontradas por ellas para lidiar con las dificultades derivadas de esa problemática. Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura de los últimos doce años, en artículos relacionados con la temática citada. Del procedimiento de búsqueda, resultaron seis artículos para el banco final de análisis. Los resultados apuntan la sobrecarga emocional con enfrentamiento de esa fase, pérdida del hijo que fue idealizado, estrés, tener que lidiar con el prejuicio, así como la necesidad de esa madre en tener ayuda en el cuidado con el hijo.

Emotional Burden in Parents of Children with Trisomy 21: Descriptive Study in a Colombian Population / Cansancio emocional en padres de niños con trisomía 21: Estudio descriptivo en una población colombiana

The role of a parent with a disabled child can be highly demanding. There are few publications concerning parental emotional exhaustion in Latin America. The present prevalent case-controlled study evaluated the frequency of emotional exhaustion in 103 parental couples of parents of children with Down Syndrome (DS); likewise the study explores the rate of emotionally exhausted and depressed mothers in comparison with the fathers. This outcome was measured using a modified and validated version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The results showed a prevalence of emotional exhaustion of 52.64%. In the matched-pair analysis we found a higher chance of exhaustion in mothers in comparison with their partners.

El trabajo de un padre con un hijo con discapacidad puede llegar a ser muy exigente. Existen pocas publicaciones que hacen referencia al agotamiento emocional de los padres de niños con discapacidades en América Latina. El presente estudio de casos y controles prevalentes describe la frecuencia de agotamiento emocional en 103 parejas de padres de niños con síndrome de Down. También describe las diferencias en el agotamiento emocional y depresión entre padres y madres. Este resultado se midió usando una versión modificada y validada del Maslach Burnout Inventory. Los resultados mostraron una prevalencia de agotamiento emocional del 52,64%. En el análisis apareado encontramos una mayor probabilidad de agotamiento en las madres en comparación con sus parejas.

Síndrome de Burnout / Burnout syndrome

El síndrome de Burnout fue declarado en el año 2000 por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como un factor de riesgo laboral por su capacidad para afectar la calidad de vida, salud mental e incluso hasta poner en riesgo la vida. Su definición no se encuentra en el DSM-V, ni en el CIE 10, pero usualmente se describe como una forma inadecuada de afrontar el estrés crónico, cuyos rasgos principales son el agotamiento emocional, la despersonalización y la disminución del desempeño personal. En Costa Rica se han realizado pocos estudios para determinar la incidencia del síndrome de desgaste en personal médico del país, los cuales han contado con muestras pequeñas y han arrojado porcentajes que van desde el 20% hasta el 70%.

Burnout syndrome was declared in 2000 by the World Health Organization as an occupational risk factor for its ability to affect the quality of life, mental health and even life threatening. Its definition is not in the DSM-V, or the ICD- 10, but is usually described as an inadequate way to deal with chronic stress, whose main features are emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal performance. In Costa Rica there have been few studies to determine the incidence of burnout syndrome in medical staff in the country, which have had small samples and have yielded percentages ranging from 20% to 70%.

Sobrecarga emocional e qualidade de vida em mães de crianças com erros inatos do metabolismo / Emotional burden and quality of life of mothers with children having inborg errors of metabolism

Este estudo objetivou investigar a sobrecarga emocional e a percepção da própria qualidade de vida em mães de crianças com Erros Inatos do Metabolismo (EIM). Participaram 21 mães de crianças com EIM, com comprometimento neurológico grave, de ambos os sexos, com idade até dez anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio dos instrumentos WHOQOL-Bref e Burden Interview. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente e comparados. Foi observado que os cuidados com a criança com EIM interferem negativamente na qualidade de vida das mães, sobretudo no domínio relações sociais, acarretando uma sobrecarga emocional, de tal forma que quanto maior a sobrecarga, mais baixa a percepção sobre a própria qualidade de vida.(AU)

This study aims to investigate the perception of women having children with Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) about the experienced emotional burden and their own quality of life. The participants were 21 mothers of children with IEM, with serious neurological injury. The children were of both sexes, up to ten years old. Data collection was accomplished through instruments WHOQOL-Bref and Burden Interview. The data were statistically analyzed and compared. The care of children with IEM interfere in a negative way in the quality of life of the mother, especially in the domain of their social relations, resulting in an emotional burden; the greater the burden, the lower the perceived quality of life.(AU)

Sobrecarga emocional e qualidade de vida em mães de crianças com erros inatos do metabolismo / Emotional burden and quality of life of mothers with children having inborg errors of metabolism

Este estudo objetivou investigar a sobrecarga emocional e a percepção da própria qualidade de vida em mães de crianças com Erros Inatos do Metabolismo (EIM). Participaram 21 mães de crianças com EIM, com comprometimento neurológico grave, de ambos os sexos, com idade até dez anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio dos instrumentos WHOQOL-Bref e Burden Interview. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente e comparados. Foi observado que os cuidados com a criança com EIM interferem negativamente na qualidade de vida das mães, sobretudo no domínio relações sociais, acarretando uma sobrecarga emocional, de tal forma que quanto maior a sobrecarga, mais baixa a percepção sobre a própria qualidade de vida.

This study aims to investigate the perception of women having children with Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) about the experienced emotional burden and their own quality of life. The participants were 21 mothers of children with IEM, with serious neurological injury. The children were of both sexes, up to ten years old. Data collection was accomplished through instruments WHOQOL-Bref and Burden Interview. The data were statistically analyzed and compared. The care of children with IEM interfere in a negative way in the quality of life of the mother, especially in the domain of their social relations, resulting in an emotional burden; the greater the burden, the lower the perceived quality of life.