The replaceability of the subject in the pandemic postmodernity of the 21st century / La reemplazabilidad del sujeto en la posmodernidad pandémica del siglo xxi

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ABSTRACT Objective: This research article addresses the understanding of the resignification of the concept of love from the transformations generated by the pandemic and the confinement by Covid-19 in Medellín (Colombia) between 2020 and2023, making a brief account of the heuristic memory used for the design, collection and analysis of research information, specifying methodological elements on which the process was based and the ways by which it was possible to come up with new findings; Subsequently, some semantic networks generated in the atlas.ti software are presented with their respective analyzesfrom which a session ofresults and conclusions is projected. Materials and methods: Regarding the investigative structure, four moments were developed. In the first one, the ontoepistemological foundation was developed, for which printed and digital scientific bibliographic sources were used, analyzing more than 250 articles in English and Spanish. The second moment was the development and application of semi-structured interviews to key informants. The third moment was the realization of the panel of experts with the adaptation of the Delphi methodology. The fourth, and last moment, was the analysis of the information collected for the consolidation of the products and results of the research through analysis matrices and the atlas.ti software for qualitative data processing. The research was developed in the city of Medellín from January 2021 to May 2023. The key informants were selected through the intentional sampling model, which responded to the criteria that guided the investigative process. Thus, the main inclusion criteria, for the general population, were being of legal age and having been part of an emotional or family relationship during the period of confinement by Covid-19 in the city of Medellín. The key informants were chosen among consultants of the psychology service, in total, 30 interviews were carried out with the general population. On the other hand, four professionals in psychology were selected whose professional work was related to the attention to the previously described population before, during and after the period of confinement. Finally, four experts were selected to carry out the panel, trained in clinical psychology, social work, sociology and sexology. Results: The data collected was processed through the Atlas.ti software, in which 38files corresponding to the transcripts of interviews with the population, interviews with professionals and panel of experts were collected. Likewise, in the processing of information, six main categories were identified in which 32 emerging codes were grouped, supported by 918 citations of the analyzed instruments. As a result of this research, it has been shown that pandemic postmodernity generated changes regarding the meaning of the concept of love, while exacerbating the characteristic elements of postmodernity, such as the relativization of ties. Added to this is a reality that had a direct impact on such ties, such as the confinement caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, which not only affected people's health, but also caused profound transformations in the social fabric, from in particular, in relational dynamics, as it fostered the permanent use of digital and virtual networks given the mandatory nature of social distancing. In this same logic, the research sought a deep reflection on those new scenarios that were arranged by confinement in the context of postmodernity, particularly analyzing the way in which couples and families began to live new relational experiences in affective matters. . In this way, it is understood that love is a dynamic concept that changes according to the social and contextual particularities that, in this case, generated the pandemic. Among the most significant findings of this research, it is found that, in effect, great and profound transformations have been perceived around the meaning of the concept of love, given that the pandemic and confinement were activators of affective conflicts that had not been processed. in other scenarios. The interviewees state that love has been evolving and that a generational gap is beginning to become evident in the way other generations understood and lived love. In this way, family and couple love have taken on new meanings, which go hand in hand with new structural relational models in emotional and affective contacts. In accordance with the above, a large majority of key informants refer that the rise of the media and, particularly, of social networks, have generated profound effects on the concept of love from the perspective of the couple and the family, basing such changes in the amount of time invested in the use of devices and in the relational logics that are established through the different social networks, in which the possibility of meeting hundreds of people is established, having hundreds of close contacts, but, most of the time, without the possibility of generating deep ties. Conclusions: It is concluded that the Covid-19 pandemic exacerbated the use of digital platforms and, consequently, new relational scenarios were consolidated that continue to feed relativism and the link fragility of postmodernity. When carrying out the analysis of the information obtained during the field work, it is possible to recognize some common discourses among the people who participated in the investigation. In this logic, one could speak of interpretations and conceptualizations that have simply begun to be part of the social construct, perhaps as a kind of imaginary in which ideas that become commonplace are simply accepted, which are influenced, or in some cases cases even defined by the massive consumption of content on social networks. Addressing the theme of love was, as anticipated in the onto-epistemological foundation of the research, dealing with a topic in which all people have something to contribute and about which there is always something to say. Added to this approach is the issue of the pandemic, another reality about which all human beings of the present time have something to say, as it is a recent event that affected the lives of all people. Both realities, love and the pandemic, run the risk of falling into subjectivity, taking into account that they end up being personal experiences that may be far from constructions based on an epistemological reflection and of which it can be said that emotions, sensations andfeelings prevail feelings when trying to talk about them.

Trusted networks: a study of communication flow and access to abortion information in Argentina.

In December 2020, Argentina approved a new abortion law following decades of feminist and social advocacy. This paper presents qualitative findings from interviews and focus group discussions with people in local communities focusing on how individuals of reproductive age access and communicate sexual and reproductive health information, particularly regarding abortion. Sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants working in the field of SRHR and four focus group discussions took place with cisgender women and girls, transmasculine people and non-binary people of reproductive age. We found that information exchange and communication about sexual and reproductive health issues, particularly abortion, took place mainly through informal social networks engaging with activists and feminist grass-root organisations. These informal social networks were built on trust as a collective affect that enabled open communication about abortion. Information sharing through word of mouth, in person and via digital means using different social media platforms, is an important means of information sharing and communication in Argentina. Monitoring the implementation of abortion policies in this country should include investigating the impact of people accessing abortion through informal social networks in terms of abortion pathways and intersections with the formal health system.

Vocal Hygiene: What Are Professional Voice Users Saying About It on YouTube?

PURPOSE: Health content has been presented and accessed freely on social networks and can generate misinformation; hence, this study aimed to analyze the voice guidance in videos available on YouTube. METHOD: This observational cross-sectional research selected the 45 most-viewed videos on YouTube in 2022, produced by professional voice users with guidance on vocal hygiene and well-being. The content was described and compared with the scientific literature on the topic, analyzing which category of professional voice users produced the most scientifically based content. RESULTS: Altogether, 38 topics were found in the videos, distributed in nine blocks, identified from A to I. Block A (foods with a positive effect on the voice) was the only one that had no citations in scientific articles, whereas block D (negative habits for the voice) had the highest mean number of articles in relation to the others. The most publicized guidelines were mainly related to actions and/or behaviors and resources considered positive for the voice. Eight professional categories were found who produced these videos. Singing teachers who also worked as singers produced the most scientifically based content. CONCLUSION: The study showed that not all the information in the videos was scientifically based, which means that people with voice problems have easy access to information that could even harm them if used in their professions.

Optimizing Contact Network Topological Parameters of Urban Populations Using the Genetic Algorithm.

This paper explores the application of complex network models and genetic algorithms in epidemiological modeling. By considering the small-world and Barabási-Albert network models, we aim to replicate the dynamics of disease spread in urban environments. This study emphasizes the importance of accurately mapping individual contacts and social networks to forecast disease progression. Using a genetic algorithm, we estimate the input parameters for network construction, thereby simulating disease transmission within these networks. Our results demonstrate the networks' resemblance to real social interactions, highlighting their potential in predicting disease spread. This study underscores the significance of complex network models and genetic algorithms in understanding and managing public health crises.

Environmental, socioeconomic, and health factors associated with gut microbiome species and strains in isolated Honduras villages.

Despite a growing interest in the gut microbiome of non-industrialized countries, data linking deeply sequenced microbiomes from such settings to diverse host phenotypes and situational factors remain uncommon. Using metagenomic data from a community-based cohort of 1,871 people from 19 isolated villages in the Mesoamerican highlands of western Honduras, we report associations between bacterial species and human phenotypes and factors. Among them, socioeconomic factors account for 51.44% of the total associations. Meta-analysis of species-level profiles across several datasets identified several species associated with body mass index, consistent with previous findings. Furthermore, the inclusion of strain-phylogenetic information modifies the overall relationship between the gut microbiome and the phenotypes, especially for some factors like household wealth (e.g., wealthier individuals harbor different strains of Eubacterium rectale). Our analysis suggests a role that gut microbiome surveillance can play in understanding broad features of individual and public health.

Uso de las redes sociales virtuales, percepción de soledad y habilidades sociales en jóvenes adultos españoles de la generación Z y la generación Y / Use of Virtual Social Networks and its Relationship with the Perception of Loneliness and Social Skills Among Spanish Young Adults of Generation Z and Y

Resumen Las redes sociales virtuales atraen a diferentes usuarios por las múltiples potencialidades e impactos característicos de esta sociedad tecnológica. El propósito de este estudio es identificar las redes sociales virtuales más usadas por los jóvenes, los motivos personales de uso y la relación de su utilización con la percepción de soledad y las habilidades de autoexpresión en escenarios sociales. En particular, se evalúan las diferencias de tales usos en función de la edad, el nivel de escolaridad y el género. En el estudio participaron 251 jóvenes adultos españoles con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 40 años (X = 26.33, D.T. = 5-91) contactados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se observó que el uso de las redes sociales virtuales se ve aumentado en los participantes con bajas habilidades sociales, altos niveles de soledad y más jóvenes. Destacan los motivos de aburrimiento y evasión o escape para usar los espacios digitales y se registra una tendencia en los jóvenes de la generación Z (18 a 28 años) a utilizar más las redes sociales virtuales, en comparación con los de la generación Y (29 a 40 años). Como conclusiones, se señala la conveniencia de controlar el uso problemático de las redes sociales virtuales y de entrenar las habilidades sociales para mejorar las relaciones interpersonales.

Abstract Virtual social networks are attracting different types of users thanks to the multiple potentialities and impacts characteristic of this technological society. The aim of this study is to identify the virtual social networks most used by young people, as well as the personal reasons for use and their negative effects in relation to the perception of loneliness and their self-expression skills in social settings. As specific objectives, it is proposed to determine the differences in such uses depending on age, level of education and gender. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was carried out so that 251 young Spanish adults between the ages of 18 and 40 years old participated (X = 26.33, DT. = 5-91). It has been verified that the use of social networks is increased when presenting low social skills, having high levels of loneliness and the younger one is. The reasons for boredom and evasion or escape in the use of these digital spaces stand out, and a tendency is observed in the young people of Generation Z (young people between 18 and 28 years old) to use VSN more in comparison with the previous Generation Y (with a range of 29 to 40 years old). It emphasizes the convenience of controlling the problematic use of social networks, training social skills to improve interpersonal relationships and strengthening emotionally.

The structure and function of antagonistic ties in village social networks.

Negative or antagonistic relationships are common in human social networks, but they are less often studied than positive or friendly relationships. The existence of a capacity to have and to track antagonistic ties raises the possibility that they may serve a useful function in human groups. Here, we analyze empirical data gathered from 24,770 and 22,513 individuals in 176 rural villages in Honduras in two survey waves 2.5 y apart in order to evaluate the possible relevance of antagonistic relationships for broader network phenomena. We find that the small-world effect is more significant in a positive world with negative ties compared to an otherwise similar hypothetical positive world without them. Additionally, we observe that nodes with more negative ties tend to be located near network bridges, with lower clustering coefficients, higher betweenness centralities, and shorter average distances to other nodes in the network. Positive connections tend to have a more localized distribution, while negative connections are more globally dispersed within the networks. Analysis of the possible impact of such negative ties on dynamic processes reveals that, remarkably, negative connections can facilitate the dissemination of information (including novel information experimentally introduced into these villages) to the same degree as positive connections, and that they can also play a role in mitigating idea polarization within village networks. Antagonistic ties hold considerable importance in shaping the structure and function of social networks.

Adolescent Social Networks and Physical Intimate Partner Violence Among Colombian Rural Adolescents.

The current study analyzes individual and social network correlates of adolescent engagement in physical intimate partner violence (IPV) utilizing socio-centric data from a high-school population of 242 adolescents from rural Colombia. We studied self-reported victimization and perpetration for boys and girls. First, we used logistic regression to explore the relationship between adolescents' IPV engagement and school peers' IPV engagement, school violence victimization, and social network position, controlling for gender and age (N=111). Second, we used social network statistical methods to investigate if there were more friendships of similar IPV status to the adolescent than expected by chance in their social networks. Our results show that the proportion of friends perpetrating physical IPV increased the probability of adolescents' IPV perpetration. Contrarywise, the proportion of friends experiencing IPV victimization decreased with the adolescent's own victimization. Being a victim (a status significantly more common among boys) was also associated with reporting perpetration for both genders. Furthermore, our results contradicted the social network literature, as we found no preferential ties among perpetrators/victims (e.g., adolescents do not seem to befriend each other by IPV engagement). Our study is unique to the global adolescent IPV literature given the scarcity of research examining physical IPV among adolescents in the context of both girls and boys in the context of their school networks. We also add to the understanding of IPV in the case of the global majority of adolescents with the highest rates of IPV victimization (living in Low and Middle-Income Countries).

Redes sociais institucionais frente à infodemia causada pela covid-19: uma análise das interações dos usuários / Institutional social networks against the infodemia caused by covid-19: an analysis of user interactions / Redes sociales institucionales ante la infodemia provocada por covid-19: un análisis de las interacciones de los usuários

Objetivo: Analisar a interação dos usuários em publicações de saúde com informações sobre covid-19 nas redes sociais da Prefeitura Municipal de Macapá (capital do estado do Amapá). Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritivo-exploratório, realizada com os usuários que interagiram com as publicações sobre covid-19 das redes sociais do Facebook, Instagram e Twitter da Prefeitura de Macapá. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevista semiestruturada e os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Com base nos discursos dos participantes, emergiram quatro categorias: 1 - Importância de informação clara e de fácil compreensão para todos os tipos de público; 2 - O compartilhamento de informações nas redes sociais como incentivo à prevenção; 3 - A responsabilidade de checar as informações nas redes sociais de fontes não oficiais; e 4 - A comunicação como uma via de mão dupla: postagem e resposta. Conclusão: As redes sociais institucionais podem ser um importante espaço para a disseminação de informações relacionadas à covid-19, porém se torna necessário qualificar o trabalho dessas redes através de estratégias que articulem a gestão destas em todos os âmbitos. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the interaction of users in publications of health with informations about covid-19 in Macapá's city hall (capital of the state of Amapá) social media. Methods: It is about a qualitative approach research, exploratory-descriptive type, performed with users that interacted with publications about covid-19 at this social medias: Facebook, Instagram and Twitter's city hall. The data collection occurred through semi-structured interviews and the data were analyzed through the Bardin' content analysis. Results: Based on the participants' speeches, four categories emerged: 1 - Importance of clear and easy-to-understand information for all types of public; 2 - Sharing information on social networks as an incentive for prevention; 3 - The responsibility to check information on social networks from unofficial sources; and 4 - Communication as a two-way street: post and reply. Conclusion: The institutional social medias are able to be an important space for the dissemination of information related to covid-19, however, it becomes necessary to qualify the work of those networks through strategies that can articulate better with the management of those in the whole sphere. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar la interacción de los usuarios de publicaciones de salud con información sobre covid-19 en las redes sociales del Municipio de Macapá (capital del estado de Amapá). Métodos: Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, de tipo descriptiva-exploratoria, realizada con usuarios que interactuaron con las publicaciones sobre covid-19 de las redes sociales de Facebook, Instagram y Twitter del Municipio de Macapá. La recolección de datos ocurrió a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y los datos fueron analizados utilizando el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: Con base en los discursos de los participantes, surgieron cuatro categorías: 1 - Importancia de la información clara y fácil de entender para todo tipo de público; 2 - Compartir información en las redes sociales como incentivo para la prevención; 3 - La responsabilidad de verificar la información en las redes sociales de fuentes no oficiales; y 4 - La comunicación como vía de doble sentido: post y respuesta. Conclusión: Las redes sociales institucionales pueden ser un espacio importante para la difusión de información relacionada con Covid-19, sin embargo, se hace necesario capacitar el trabajo de estas redes a través de estrategias que articulen su gestión en todos los ámbitos. (AU)

[Social media as platforms for the visibility of gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia]. / Redes sociales como escenarios para la visibilización de las violencias basadas en género durante la pandemia de covid-19 en Colombia.

The purpose of this research is to identify predominant problematizations in Colombian feminist Instagram accounts regarding gender-based violence during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a qualitative approach, a digital ethnography based on the principles of netnography was conducted as an alternative to detail the social worlds constructed from online groups. Fifty pieces of content from @lainsumisa and twenty pieces of content from @feministasenconstrucción, published between March 2020 and March 2021, were selected based on observations made within the online fieldwork framework. These were analyzed using discourse analysis techniques. The findings discuss the following emerging categories: unpaid household work, romanticized harassment, fatphobia, and the violation of Black and racialized women's rights. In this context, cyberactivism is presented as an opportunity for the emergence of collectives and support networks for women advocating for gender equality and their rights, towards questioning patriarchal ideas that jeopardize their well-being.

El propósito de esta investigación es identificar las problematizaciones predominantes en cuentas feministas colombianas de Instagram, sobre las violencias basadas en género durante el primer año de la pandemia de covid-19. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, se realizó una etnografía digital basada en los preceptos de la netnografía, como alternativa para detallar los mundos sociales construidos a partir de los grupos en línea. A partir de las observaciones realizadas en el marco del trabajo de campo en línea se seleccionaron 50 contenidos de @lainsumisa y 20 contenidos de @feministasenconstrucción, publicados entre marzo de 2020 y marzo de 2021, los cuales se analizaron mediante técnicas de análisis del discurso. Entre los hallazgos se discuten las siguientes categorías emergentes: el trabajo no remunerado en el hogar, el acoso romantizado, la gordofobia y la vulneración a las mujeres negras y racializadas. Al respecto, se plantea el ciberactivismo como una oportunidad para el surgimiento de colectivos y redes de apoyo para las mujeres que luchan por la equidad de género y por sus derechos, hacia el cuestionamiento de ideas patriarcales que atentan contra su bienestar.

O uso das mídias digitais como ferramenta de divulgação científica sobre atividade física e saúde / The use of digital media as a tool for scientific dissemination on physical activity and health

Understanding the digital environment as an important space to enhance interaction with scientific communication and the society, since the beginning of its activities, the 2020­2022 board of the Brazilian Society of Physical Activity and Health (SBAFS) intensified its participation in social media. This essay describes the structuring and planning processes, as well as the progression of the work carried out on social networks at SBAFS. In this way, we can highlight the creation of a team of voluntary collaborators to work on social media (page and electronic address, ®Facebook, ®Instagram, ®Twitter and ®Youtube), based on continuous planning and work plan, focused on the strategic dissemination of knowledge, advances and interactions with people interested in the different subjects that permeate the topic of physical activity and health. On ®Instagram, due to the greater frequency of content posted, the increase in the number of followers and, consequently, interactions were notable. ®Twitter also showed impressive results, with a 23.2% increase in profile visits and an 18.8% increase in impressions in the number of views ("tweets"). Due to the work car-ried out, the spread of SBAFS actions among people interested in the subject increased considerably. This can be explained because, with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, we saw the emergence of digital interactions and, therefore, greater engagement with the profile content was identified. Such information confirms the usefulness of social networks as a tool for scientific dissemination in a fast, dynamic, widely accessible, attractive, interactive, and practical way

Compreendendo o ambiente digital como um importante espaço para aumentar a interação com comunicação científica e aproximação entre as pessoas, desde o início de suas atividades, a gestão 2020­22 da Sociedade Brasileira de Atividade Física e Saúde (SBAFS) intensificou sua participação nas redes sociais. O presente ensaio descreve os processos de estruturação e planejamento, assim como a progressão do trabalho desenvolvido nas redes sociais da SBAFS. Dessa forma, pode-se destacar a criação de uma equipe de colaboradoras volun-tárias para o trabalho nas mídias sociais (página e endereço eletrônicos, ®Facebook, ®Instagram, ®Twitter e ®Youtube), partindo-se de planejamento e plano de trabalho contínuo, centrados na disseminação estratégica dos conhecimentos, avanços e interações com pessoas interessadas nos distintos assuntos que permeiam o tema atividade física e saúde. No ®Instagram, a partir da maior frequência de conteúdos postados, foi notável o au-mento no número de seguidores, e, consequentemente, de interações. O ®Twitter também apresentou resultados expressivos, com um aumento de 23,2% de visitas ao perfil e 18,8% de impressões na quantidade de visuali-zações ("tweets"). Devido ao trabalho desenvolvido, aumentou-se consideravelmente a capilarização das ações da SBAFS entre as pessoas interessadas sobre o assunto. Isso pode ser explicado, pois, com o início da pandemia da COVID-19, viu-se a emergência das interações por meio digital e, por isso, foi identificado um maior en-gajamento com o conteúdo do perfil. Tais informações ratificam a utilidade das redes sociais como instrumento de divulgação científica de forma rápida, dinâmica, amplamente acessível, atrativa, interativa e prática.

Representaciones sociales acerca de Instagram: Estudio cualitativo con adultos emergentes con diferente bienestar psicológico y autoestima corporal

Antecedentes existe una relación entre el uso de Instagram y diferentes influencias e interacciones con el bienestar y salud mental de este grupo etario. Objetivo Reconstruir las representaciones sociales acerca de la red social Instagram de adultos emergentes con diferentes niveles de bienestar psicológico y autoestima corporal. Método redes semánticas naturales y entrevistas semiestructuradas fueron aplicadas a N=12 adultos emergentes (19 - 27 años) divididos en dos grupos según sus niveles de autoestima corporal y bienestar psicológico. El análisis de datos estuvo basado en análisis de redes semánticas naturales y algunos procedimientos de codificación teórica. Resultados se muestra la presencia del concepto de "acoso" como núcleo central de la representación social de Instagram en el grupo con baja autoestima corporal y bajo bienestar psicológico, a diferencia del grupo con alta autoestima corporal y alto bienestar psicológico en donde el núcleo central fue "red social". Conclusiones en los grupos estudiados, se encontraron dos representaciones sociales diferentes respecto de Instagram. Estos resultados pueden ser relevantes para aportar a llenar el vacío de conocimiento sobre los significados subjetivos colectivos de los adultos emergentes, teniendo implicancias en la mejor comprensión de las diversas formas de relación que establecen con esta y otras redes sociales.

Background There is a relationship between the use of Instagram and various influences and interactions with the well-being and mental health of this age group. Objective To reconstruct the social representations of the Instagram social network among emerging adults with different levels of psychological well-being and body esteem. Method Natural semantic networks and semi-structured interviews were conducted with N=12 emerging adults (19 - 27 years old) divided into two groups based on their body self-esteem and psychological well-being levels. Data analysis relied on natural semantic network analysis and theoretical coding. Results The concept of "harassment" is revealed as the central core of the social representation of Instagram in the group with low body self-esteem and low psychological well-being, unlike the group with high body esteem and high psychological well-being where the central core was the "social network" itself. Conclusions Two different social representations of Instagram were found in the studied groups. These results could contribute to filling the knowledge gap about the collective subjective meanings of emerging adults, impacting the better understanding of the diverse relationships they establish with this and other social networks.

Redes sociais significativas maternas: significados e movimentos diante do autismo / Maternal significant social networks: meanings and movements in the face of autism / Redes sociales significativas maternas: significados y movimientos frente al autismo

O diagnóstico de uma condição crônica na família tende a movimentar as relações intra e extrafamiliares. No caso do Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA), essa movimentação tende a ocorrer de forma significativa com os vínculos maternos, visto que as mães costumam ser as principais cuidadoras dos filhos com esse diagnóstico. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou investigar os impactos do diagnóstico de TEA nas redes sociais significativas maternas e como as mães lhes atribuíram sentido. Participaram 12 mães de filhos diagnosticados com TEA na infância, com as quais foram realizadas entrevistas reflexivas e construídos dois mapas de redes sociais significativas, um anterior e outro posterior ao TEA. A análise dos dados foi feita através da Grounded Theory . No momento inicial da entrevista, foi possível perceber que a maioria das participantes se referiu ao sentimento de não ter apoio, expressando desamparo. Todavia, ao longo do processo de construção dos mapas, percebeu-se relevante mudança no discurso das mães, que reconheceram e se surpreenderam com a presença de vínculos importantes nas suas redes sociais, embora, da sua perspectiva, eles não lhes proporcionem o apoio necessário. Portanto, destaca-se a importância da ativação das redes sociais significativas das mães, bem como a instrumentalização dessas redes para que possam estar presentes de maneira efetiva e fornecer apoio, salientando-se o importante papel de profissionais da saúde e da educação nesse cenário. Por fim, aponta-se o mapa de redes enquanto potente instrumento clínico e de pesquisa.(AU)

The diagnosis of a chronic condition in the family tends to move intra- and extra-family relationships. In the Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) case, this movement tends to occur significantly with maternal bonds, since mothers are often referred as the main caregivers of children with this diagnosis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the impacts of the ASD diagnosis on significant maternal social networks and how mothers signify these implications. Twelve mothers of children diagnosed with ASD in childhood participated, with whom reflective interviews were carried out and two maps of significant social networks, one before and one after the ASD, were constructed. Data analysis was performed by using Grounded Theory. At the beginning of the interview, it was possible to observe that most participants reported the feeling of having no support, expressing helplessness. However, throughout the mapping process, a relevant change was noticed in the mothers' discourse, who recognized and were surprised by the presence of important members in their social networks, although, in their perspective, they do not provide them the necessary support. Therefore, the importance of activating the mothers' significant social networks is highlighted, as well as the instrumentalization of these networks so that they can be effectively present and provide support, emphasizing the important role of health and education professionals in this scenario. Finally, the network map is pointed out as a powerful clinical and research tool.(AU)

El diagnóstico de una enfermedad crónica en la familia tiende a trasformar las relaciones intra y extrafamiliares. En el caso del trastorno del espectro del autismo (TEA), este movimiento tiende a ocurrir de manera significativa con los vínculos maternos, ya que las madres son referidas como las principales cuidadoras de los niños con este diagnóstico. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo investigar el impacto del diagnóstico de TEA en las redes sociales maternas significativas y cómo las madres dieron sentido a estas implicaciones. Participaron en este estudio doce madres de niños diagnosticados con TEA en la infancia, y se utilizaron entrevistas reflexivas y mapas de redes sociales significativas, uno para antes y otro para después del TEA. El análisis de datos se basó en la teoría fundamentada. Al inicio de la entrevista, la mayoría de las participantes refirieron sentir que no tenían apoyo. Sin embargo, en el proceso de construcción de los mapas se vio un cambio en el discurso de las madres, quienes comenzaron a reconocer y sorprenderse por la presencia de vínculos importantes en sus redes sociales, aunque estos no les brindaran el apoyo necesario. Se resalta la importancia de activar las redes sociales significativas de las madres, así como la instrumentalización de estas redes para que puedan estar efectivamente presentes y brindar apoyo, enfatizando el papel de los profesionales de la salud y la educación. Además, se señala el mapa de la red como una poderosa herramienta clínica e investigativa.(AU)

Sobre ativismos e conhecimentos: a experiência de associações canábicas no Brasil / On activism and knowledge: the experience of cannabis associations in Brazil

Resumo O surgimento de associações civis em prol da cannabis se iniciou na década de 2010. Diante da inércia do Estado, essas organizações têm atuado no acolhimento, apoio, informação, capacitação e facilitação do acesso de pacientes e familiares a medicamento produzido à base de maconha, substância proibida no Brasil. Este estudo visa analisar como o ativismo canábico promovido pelas associações brasileiras se fundamenta em conhecimentos científicos ou adquiridos pela vivência dos associados. A metodologia englobou entrevistas com participantes das associações ACuCa, Ama+me e Apepi e análise de conteúdo dos perfis dessas instituições no Instagram. Verificou-se que o ativismo canábico no Instagram apresenta semelhanças com aquele praticado presencialmente, no entanto, o ativismo nas mídias sociais prioriza a divulgação do conhecimento pela informação e capacitação de seus seguidores, tendo o cuidado de tratar o conteúdo para se adequar às diretrizes da plataforma. Além disso, as principais linhas de atuação do associativismo canábico (acolhimento e distribuição de óleos medicinais) aparecem de forma velada nas publicações, sendo que em sua maioria ocorrem em conversas privadas nos meios de comunicação com as associações.

Abstract The emergence of civil associations in favor of cannabis began in the 2010s. Faced with the inertia of the State, these organizations have acted in the reception, support, information, training, and facilitation of access for patients and their families to the medicine produced from marijuana, a prohibited substance in Brazil. This study aims to analyze how cannabis activism promoted by Brazilian associations is based on scientific knowledge or knowledge acquired through the experience of members. The methodology included interviews with participants from the ACuCa, Ama+me, and Apepi associations, as well as the Content Analysis of the profiles of these institutions on Instagram. It was found that cannabis activism on Instagram is similar to that practiced in person; however, activism on social media prioritizes the dissemination of knowledge through information and training of its followers, being careful to treat the content in order to suit the guidelines of the platform. In addition, the main lines of action of cannabis associations (reception and distribution of medicinal oils) appear in a veiled way in the publications, most of which occur through private conversations in the media with the associations.

Sorofobia relacionada ao HIV e à Aids: o que se debate nas redes sociais digitais no Brasil? / Serophobia related to HIV and AIDS: what is debated in digital social networks in Brazil?

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é analisar o conteúdo sorofóbico explicitado nas publicações veiculadas nas redes sociais digitais no contexto do HIV e da Aids no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo do tipo exploratório descritivo, de base documental. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados utilizando a metodologia de análise documental por meio da análise de conteúdo temático com auxílio do software NVivo®12 Plus (Windows). Foram gerados 187 códigos, posteriormente agrupados conforme a semântica das palavras, originando cinco categorias temáticas: #VivendoComHIV, #PrecisamosFalarSobreIsso, #OQueÉSOROFOBIA, #SorofobiaéCrime e #SorofobiaNÃO. Os resultados evidenciaram as principais manifestações acerca da sorofobia relacionada ao HIV e à Aids nas redes sociais. O conteúdo compartilhado debateu as dificuldades de viver com uma doença que apresenta dimensões sociais; a relevância de falar e difundir conteúdo sobre o HIV e a Aids; os elementos que compõem o processo de estigmatização e, consequentemente, estruturam a sorofobia na sociedade; os direitos sociais e civis das pessoas vivendo com HIV; as medidas de combate à sorofobia nas instituições de saúde; e as implicações da sorofobia no âmbito da saúde pública.

Abstract The aim of this article is to analyze the serophobic content explicit in the publications published in Digital Social Networks in the context of HIV and AIDS in Brazil. This is a qualitative study of the descriptive exploratory type, based on documents. The data obtained were evaluated using the methodology of documentary analysis through Thematic Content Analysis with the aid of NVivo®12 Plus (Windows). A total of 187 codes were generated, subsequently grouped according to the semantics of the words, originating five thematic categories: #LivingWithHIV, #WeNeedtoTalkAboutIt, #WhatISSEROPHOBIA, #SerophobiaIsACrime, and #NoSerophobia. The results showed the main manifestations of HIV and AIDS-related serophobia on social networks. The shared content discussed the difficulties of living with a disease that has social dimensions; the relevance of talking and disseminating content about HIV and AIDS; the elements that make up the stigmatization process and, consequently, structure serophobia in society; the social and civil rights of people living with HIV; measures to combat serophobia in health institutions; and the implications of serophobia in the field of public health.

Redes sociales como escenarios para la visibilización de las violencias basadas en género durante la pandemia de covid-19 en Colombia / Social media as platforms for the visibility of gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia

RESUMEN El propósito de esta investigación es identificar las problematizaciones predominantes en cuentas feministas colombianas de Instagram, sobre las violencias basadas en género durante el primer año de la pandemia de covid-19. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, se realizó una etnografía digital basada en los preceptos de la netnografía, como alternativa para detallar los mundos sociales construidos a partir de los grupos en línea. A partir de las observaciones realizadas en el marco del trabajo de campo en línea se seleccionaron 50 contenidos de @lainsumisa y 20 contenidos de @feministasenconstrucción, publicados entre marzo de 2020 y marzo de 2021, los cuales se analizaron mediante técnicas de análisis del discurso. Entre los hallazgos se discuten las siguientes categorías emergentes: el trabajo no remunerado en el hogar, el acoso romantizado, la gordofobia y la vulneración a las mujeres negras y racializadas. Al respecto, se plantea el ciberactivismo como una oportunidad para el surgimiento de colectivos y redes de apoyo para las mujeres que luchan por la equidad de género y por sus derechos, hacia el cuestionamiento de ideas patriarcales que atentan contra su bienestar.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to identify predominant problematizations in Colombian feminist Instagram accounts regarding gender-based violence during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a qualitative approach, a digital ethnography based on the principles of netnography was conducted as an alternative to detail the social worlds constructed from online groups. Fifty pieces of content from @lainsumisa and twenty pieces of content from @feministasenconstrucción, published between March 2020 and March 2021, were selected based on observations made within the online fieldwork framework. These were analyzed using discourse analysis techniques. The findings discuss the following emerging categories: unpaid household work, romanticized harassment, fatphobia, and the violation of Black and racialized women's rights. In this context, cyberactivism is presented as an opportunity for the emergence of collectives and support networks for women advocating for gender equality and their rights, towards questioning patriarchal ideas that jeopardize their well-being.

Redes sociais significativas de familiares no processo de luto antecipatório no contexto dos cuidados paliativos / Significant family social networks in the anticipatory mourning process within palliative care / Les réseaux sociaux familiaux significatifs dans le processus de deuil anticipé en soins palliatifs / Redes sociales significativas en el proceso de duelo anticipatorio de los cuidadores familiares, en el contexto de los cuidados paliativos

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo qualitativo foi caracterizar a estrutura e as funções das redes sociais significativas no processo de luto antecipatório de familiares cuidadores no contexto dos cuidados paliativos. Utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada e o Mapa de Redes com 14 familiares cuidadores que estavam acompanhando pacientes em um hospital oncológico do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram organizados e analisados com base na Grounded Theory e com auxílio do software ATLAS.ti 7.5. Os resultados indicaram a prevalência de redes de tamanho médio e grande, além do predomínio dos membros da rede familiar. As principais funções desempenhadas pelos membros das redes foram de ajuda material e de serviços e apoio emocional. Este estudo evidencia a importância da visibilização das redes sociais significativas como recursos de intervenção em saúde, que promovem apoio material, cognitivo e emocional durante o processo dos cuidados paliativos, principalmente quanto à elaboração do luto antecipatório.

Abstract: This qualitative study characterizes the structure and functions of significant social networks in the anticipatory mourning process of family caregivers within palliative care. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews and the Map of Networks conducted with 14 family caregivers at an Oncology Hospital in southern Brazil, and then organized and analyzed by Grounded Theory using the ATLAS.ti 7.5 software. Results showed a prevalence of medium and large-sized networks, as well as the predominance of family network members. Material help and services and emotional support were the main functions performed by network members. This study highlights the importance of making meaningful social networks visible as health intervention resources that provide material, cognitive and emotional support during palliative care, especially in regards to anticipatory grief.

Résumé : Cette étude qualitative caractérise la structure et les fonctions des réseaux sociaux significatifs dans le processus de deuil anticipé des aidants familiaux dans le cadre des soins palliatifs. Les données ont été recueillies par des entretiens semi-structurés et de la carte des réseaux réalisées avec 14 aidants familiaux de patients dans un hôpital d'oncologie du sud du Brésil, puis organisées et analysées selon la théorie ancrée. Les résultats montrent une prévalence des réseaux moyens et grands, ainsi que la prédominance des membres du réseau familial. L'aide et les services matériels et le soutien émotionnel sont les principales fonctions remplies par les membres du réseau. Cette étude souligne l'importance de faire apparaître les réseaux sociaux significatifs comme des ressources d'intervention en santé qui apportent un soutien matériel, cognitif et émotionnel au cours de soins palliatifs, notamment en ce qui concerne le deuil anticipé.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio cualitativo fue caracterizar la estructura y las funciones de las redes sociales significativas en el proceso de duelo anticipatorio de los cuidadores familiares, en el contexto de los cuidados paliativos. Se utilizaron entrevista semiestructurada y Mapa de Redes con 14 cuidadores familiares de pacientes en un Hospital de Oncología del sur de Brasil. Los datos se organizaron y para su análisis se aplicó la Grounded Theory, con el uso del software ATLAS.ti 7.5. Se observó la prevalencia de redes medianas y grandes, y predominio de miembros de la red familiar. Las principales funciones desempeñadas por los integrantes de las redes fueron la ayuda material y los servicios y el apoyo emocional. Este estudio destaca la importancia de visibilizar redes sociales significativas como recursos de intervención en salud, que brindan apoyo material, cognitivo y emocional durante el proceso de cuidados paliativos, especialmente en la preparación del duelo anticipatorio.

Social media as a tool for detecting underdiagnosed parasitic infections: the case of spirocercosis.

Spirocercosis is a parasitic disease caused by the nematode Spirocerca lupi that affects several canids around the world. In Costa Rica, few spirocercosis cases have been reported; however, it is suspected that the infection is currently underdiagnosed. As seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, social media has sped up the spread of scientific knowledge, raising practioner's awareness of the epidemiology and signs and manifestations of infections. The aim of this work was to use social media as a tool for increasing awareness of spirocercosis among veterinarians and investigate the frequency of cases occurring in Costa Rica. Infographic material about the infection was disseminated by Whatsapp, Facebook, and Instagram from January 2021 to July 2022 using a public account of the Laboratory of Helminthology of the University of Costa Rica. In addition, Google Forms questionnaires were completed by veterinarians to report the number of spirocercosis cases in their clinics, associated manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of the disease. Remarkably, since 2020, a six-fold increase in the number of cases per year was noted. Clinical manifestations matched those reported elsewhere, and one of every three dogs infected with S. lupi died spontaneously or required euthanasia because of the infection. This work suggests that S. lupi infection in Costa Rica may have been underdiagnosed in the last decade, and the knowledge and awareness of clinical personnel play a major role in the detection of this and other infectious diseases.

Both/And: Mixed methods analysis of network composition, communication patterns, and socio-economic support within social networks of transgender women involved in sex work in Lima, Peru.

INTRODUCTION: Social networks contribute to normative reinforcement of HIV prevention strategies, knowledge sharing, and social capital, but little research has characterized the social networks of transgender women (TW) in Latin America. We conducted a mixed methods analysis of three network clusters of TW in Lima, Peru, to evaluate network composition, types of support exchanged, and patterns of communication. METHODS: We recruited TW residing in or affiliated with three "casas trans" (houses shared among TW) in Lima between April-May 2018. Eligible participants were 18 or older, self-reported HIV-negative, and reported recent intercourse with a cis-male partner. Participants completed demographic questionnaires, social network interviews, and semi-structured interviews to assess egocentric network structures, support exchanged, and communication patterns. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using Stata v14.1 and Atlas.ti, respectively. RESULTS: Of 20 TW, median age was 26 years and 100% reported involvement in commercial sex work. Respondents identified 161 individuals they interacted with in the past month (alters), of whom 33% were TW and 52% family members. 70% of respondents reported receiving emotional support from family, while 30% received financial support and instrumental support from family. Of the 13 (65%) respondents who nominated someone as a source of HIV prevention support (HPS), the majority (69%) nominated other TW. In a GEE regression analysis adjusted for respondent education and region of birth, being a family member was associated with lower likelihood of providing financial support (aOR 0.21, CI 0.08-0.54), instrumental support (aOR 0.16, CI 0.06-0.39), and HPS (aOR 0.18, CI 0.05-0.64). In qualitative interviews, most respondents identified a cis-female family member as their most trusted and closest network member, but other TW were more often considered sources of day-to-day support, including HPS. CONCLUSION: TW have diverse social networks where other TW are key sources of knowledge sharing and support, and family members may also represent important and influential components. Within these complex networks, TW may selectively solicit and provide support from different network alters according to specific contexts and needs. HIV prevention messaging could consider incorporating network-based interventions with TW community input and outreach efforts for supportive family members.

¡Ey parce! Estoy buscando camello: Cómo las redes de los contactos sociales definen la situación laboral de jóvenes en sectores populares y marginados de Cali

La búsqueda de empleo usando los contactos sociales a pesar de ser una práctica común, en ocasiones no genera los resultados esperados. Con el objetivo de comprobar lo anterior; en este documento se configuran las redes de contactos sociales de un grupo de jóvenes que viven en contextos de marginalidad y violencia de las comunas 1, 14, 16, 18 y 20 de Cali que participaron en el programa denominado Tratamiento Integral a Pandillas - Jóvenes Sin Fronteras (TIP-JSF), un proceso de intervención psicosocial desde una perspectiva integral que promovía la inclusión social. Las redes de contactos sociales halladas a través de una encuesta se caracterizan por ser pequeñas y cerradas, aumentando la probabilidad de que quienes las conforman, presenten el mismo estado laboral: desempleo o informalidad laboral. Es clave, entonces, que las/os jóvenes amplíen sus contactos para que los vinculen con otros que les puedan brindar información de mejores vacantes laborales.

The search for employment using social contacts, despite being a common practice, sometimes does not generate the expected results. In order to verify the above, this paper describes the social contact networks of a group of young people living in contexts of marginality and violence in Cali's communes 1, 14, 16, 18 and 20 who participated in the program called Integral Treatment for Gangs - Youth Without Borders (TIP-JSF), a process of psychosocial intervention from an integral perspective that promoted social inclusion. The social networks found through a survey are characterized by being small and closed, increasing the likelihood that those who make up these networks have the same employment status: unemployment or informal employment. It is essential for young people to expand their contacts and link them with other contacts that can provide them with information on better job vacancies.

A busca de emprego usando contatos sociais, apesar de ser uma prática comum, às vezes não gera os resultados esperados. Para verificar isso, este artigo descreve as redes de contatos sociais de um grupo de jovens que vivem em contextos de marginalidade e violência nas comunas 1, 14, 16, 18 e 20 de Cali e que participaram do programa chamado Tratamento Integral para Gangues - Jovens Sem Fronteiras (TIP-JSF), um processo de intervenção psicossocial de uma perspectiva holística que promoveu a inclusão social. As redes sociais encontradas por meio de uma pesquisa são caracterizadas por serem pequenas e fechadas, aumentando a probabilidade de que aqueles que as formam tenham a mesma situação de emprego: desemprego ou emprego informal. É fundamental, portanto, que os jovens ampliem seus contatos para conectá-los a outras pessoas que possam lhes fornecer informações sobre melhores vagas de emprego.