Contexts of alcohol use: A latent class analysis among Argentinean college students.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol use, and the association between alcohol-related variables and drinking outcomes, seem to be context dependent. We employed Latent Class Analysis, a person-centered approach, to identify distinct subpopulations based on contexts of alcohol use. We also examined if the resulting classes differ in a set of alcohol-related variables that hold promise as potential targets of interventions. METHOD: Argentinean college students N = 1083; 64 % women; M age = 19.73 ± 3.95) completed an online survey that assessed alcohol outcomes and related variables [motives for substance use, protective behavioral strategies (PBS) and normative perceptions of alcohol use]. RESULTS: Latent Class Analysis identified a 4-classes model for drinking contexts. These classes showed differential patterns of alcohol use (both in terms of frequency and quantity) and also differed in alcohol-related variables. Alcohol use was more prevalent in contexts characterized by the presence of peers, particularly the closest friend, small same-sex or coed groups. Close to 50 % of the sample reported drinking with family members. Students with a high probability of engaging in pregaming and nightclub drinking tend to use more PBS to control how much alcohol is consumed than those who do not drink in these contexts. All the classes significantly differed in their social reasons for drinking and in the number of alcohol-related negative consequences. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed subpopulations of college students that are heterogeneous regarding contexts of alcohol use, patterns of use and in a number of relevant variables. These distinctive subpopulations require different targeted interventions.

A qualitative analysis of the social and cultural contexts that shape screen time use in Latino families living on the U.S.-Mexico border.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand how first generation Latino parents, whose primary language is Spanish and live in a colonia on the U.S.-Mexico border, use screen time in their homes.Methods: A purposeful sampling approach was used to recruit eligible parents of pre-adolescents (ages 9-14) who were native Spanish speakers, and living on the U.S.-Mexico border. Three focus groups in Spanish (two with mothers and one with fathers) were conducted. Data were codified using a general inductive approach based on grounded theory. A consensus process was repeated until a final codebook was developed.Results: Screen time allowed parents to foster familismo (family cohesiveness and bonding) and respeto (respect). Parents knew that a healthy balance of media use is important, but broader social contexts (marital discord and economics) challenged the enforcement of familial screen time rules and parents were often permissive.Conclusions: Our study addressed research gaps by examining the understudied social and cultural contexts (practices, routines, rules, and beliefs) that shape children's screen time use among a sample of Latino immigrants living on the U.S.-Mexico border. This sample of parents indicated that familismo and respeto (i.e., cohesiveness and bonding) influence familial decision-making including screen time.

La salud, la enfermedad, los contextos y los cambios en nuestra práctica / Health, illness, contexts and changes in our practice

El autor plantea los cambios en su práctica del psicoanálisis desde que comenzó a ejercerlo hasta la actualidad. Lo relaciona con los cambios contextuales y con los cambios en el tipo de pacientes que hoy encontramos en nuestras consultas. Se replantea las técnicas de abordaje que a la vez generan nuevas hipótesis teóricas.

The author raises the changes in his practice of psychoanalysis since he began to exercise it to this day. It relates to contextual changes and changes in the type of patients that we find in our consultations today. It reconsiders the techniques of approach that generate new theoretical hypotheses.

Concepções de adolescentes de dois contextos sociais sobre a pena de morte / Adolescents' conceptions on death penalty from two social contexts

Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as concepções sobre a pena de morte de adolescentes de dois contextos sociais diferentes. Participaram da pesquisa 220 adolescentes do sexo masculino, sendo 100 estudantes e 120 adolescentes em situação de exclusão social. Foi aplicado um instrumento que continha, dentre outras, a seguinte questão "O que você acha da pena de morte? Por quê?". De um modo geral, os resultados revelaram o predomínio de respostas desfavoráveis à aplicação da pena de morte. Quando comparados os dois grupos de adolescentes, constatou-se que os estudantes se dividiram entre favoráveis e desfavoráveis à aplicação da pena de morte e os adolescentes em situação de exclusão mostraram-se predominantemente desfavoráveis. No que tange aos argumentos utilizados pelos participantes do presente estudo, a favor ou contra a pena de morte, nota-se que são concepções semelhantes aos que vêm sendo utilizadas no meio científico e filosófico e nos estudos empíricos.

This study aimed to discover adolescents' conceptions on the death penalty from two different social contexts. About 220 male adolescents participated of this research, 100 students and 120 adolescents in social exclusion situation. An instrument was used which contained, among others, the following question: "What do you think about the death penalty? Why?" In general, results revealed the predominance of responses against the application of death penalty. When the two adolescent groups were compared, it was discovered that the students were divided in proponents and opponents to the application of death penalty, and the adolescents in exclusion situation demonstrated opposition to this issue. Concerning the arguments in favor or against the death penalty, those used by the participants of this study, it was highlighted that they were similar to scientific and philosophic conceptions and to empirical studies.

Concepções de adolescentes de dois contextos sociais sobre a pena de morte / Adolescents' conceptions on death penalty from two social contexts

Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as concepções sobre a pena de morte de adolescentes de dois contextos sociais diferentes. Participaram da pesquisa 220 adolescentes do sexo masculino, sendo 100 estudantes e 120 adolescentes em situação de exclusão social. Foi aplicado um instrumento que continha, dentre outras, a seguinte questão "O que você acha da pena de morte? Por quê?". De um modo geral, os resultados revelaram o predomínio de respostas desfavoráveis à aplicação da pena de morte. Quando comparados os dois grupos de adolescentes, constatou-se que os estudantes se dividiram entre favoráveis e desfavoráveis à aplicação da pena de morte e os adolescentes em situação de exclusão mostraram-se predominantemente desfavoráveis. No que tange aos argumentos utilizados pelos participantes do presente estudo, a favor ou contra a pena de morte, nota-se que são concepções semelhantes aos que vêm sendo utilizadas no meio científico e filosófico e nos estudos empíricos.(AU)

This study aimed to discover adolescents' conceptions on the death penalty from two different social contexts. About 220 male adolescents participated of this research, 100 students and 120 adolescents in social exclusion situation. An instrument was used which contained, among others, the following question: "What do you think about the death penalty? Why?" In general, results revealed the predominance of responses against the application of death penalty. When the two adolescent groups were compared, it was discovered that the students were divided in proponents and opponents to the application of death penalty, and the adolescents in exclusion situation demonstrated opposition to this issue. Concerning the arguments in favor or against the death penalty, those used by the participants of this study, it was highlighted that they were similar to scientific and philosophic conceptions and to empirical studies.(AU)

La inclusión social por la vía del cuerpo en mujeres diagnosticadas con anorexia bulimia en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia / Social inclusion through the body in women with anorexia-bulimia in Medellín, Colombia

Este informe presente los hallazgos de la investigación ''Narrativas identitarias sobre la vivencia corporal en mujeres diagnosticadas con trastorno de la alimentación'' efectuada en Medellín. Objetivo: reconocer cómo el significado atribuido a la vivencia corporal devela la construcción de la identidad en mujeres con trastornos de la alimentación. Metodología: enfoque cualitativo, con diseño de casos múltiples analizados mediante los procedimientos del método fenomenológico-hermenéutico. Se hicieron entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales. El estudio se ajustó a los principios éticos para la investigación en que participan seres humanos, incluyendo el consentimiento informado de cada una de las participantes. Resultados: 1) la evaluación que estas mujeres hacen de sí mismas está cruzada por la mirada de los otros; 2) existen contextos sociales de aparición que estimulan la anorexia-bulimia; 3) se hallaron tres formas de configuración de la anorexia-bulimia: estético-erótica, estético atlética y estético-afectiva; 4) la recuperación no consiste solamente en comer, sino también en permitir que el cuerpo se historice, es decir, que muestre en él las marcas del paso del tiempo.

This report presents the findings of a research entitled ''Identity narratives about the body experience of women diagnosed with eating disorders'' which was carried out in Medellín, Colombia. Objective: to recognize how the meaning given to body experience reveals the identity construction of women with eating disorders. Methodology: a qualitative approach with a multiplecase design. Cases were analyzed using procedures of the phenomenological hermeneutic method. In-depth interviews and focus groups were done. The project complied with the ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects, including the informed consent.Results: 1) self-evaluation of these women is strongly influenced by the perception of other persons; 2) there are social contexts of occurrence that stimulate the development of anorexia-bulimia; 3) three ways of configuration of anorexia-bulimia were found, namely: the aesthetic-erotic, the aesthetic-athletic, and the aesthetic-affective; 4) recovery from anorexiabulimia does not consist solely of eating, but also of allowing the patients'body to historicize itself, that is, to show the effects of time.