Multi-datasets for different keyboard key sound recognition.

Keyboard acoustic recognition is a pivotal area within cybersecurity and human-computer interaction, where the identification and analysis of keyboard sounds are used to enhance security measures. The performance of acoustic-based security systems can be influenced by factors such as the platform used, typing style, and environmental noise. To address these variations and provide a comprehensive resource, we present the Multi-Keyboard Acoustic (MKA) Datasets. These extensive datasets, meticulously gathered by a team in the Computer Science Department at the University of Halabja, include recordings from six widely-used platforms: HP, Lenovo, MSI, Mac, Messenger, and Zoom. The MKA datasets have structured data for each platform, including raw recordings, segmented sound files, and matrices derived from these sounds. They can be used by researchers in keylogging detection, cybersecurity, and other fields related to acoustic emanation attacks on keyboards. Moreover, the datasets capture the intricacies of typing behaviour with both hands and all ten fingers by carefully segmenting and pre-processing the data using the Praat tool, thus ensuring high-quality and dependable data. This comprehensive approach allows researchers to explore various aspects of keyboard sound recognition, contributing to the development of robust recognition algorithms and enhanced security measures. The MKA Datasets stand as one of the largest and most detailed datasets in this domain, offering significant potential for advancing research and improving defences against acoustic-based threats.

Is the quality of the orthodontic information in social media platforms reliable?: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Social networks have become a widely used and accessible source of health-related information for patients, but this material is not always accurate or appropriate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of orthodontic information available on 2 of the most popular social media platforms. STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors conducted a systematic search of the literature that analyzed the quality of information regarding orthodontics on social networks and used recognized quality-evaluation methods, such as DISCERN, modified DISCERN, and the Quality Global Scale or the Video Information Quality Index, in the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus and through a manual search of gray literature. RESULTS: The authors identified a total of 534 potentially eligible articles, of which 22 eventually were included in the qualitative analysis. The application of the scales revealed that most of the content was of insufficient quality and lacked scientific rigor, precision, and support from reliable sources. The authors observed marked heterogeneity in the nature of the publications analyzed, with the most recurrent topics being general orthodontic treatment and the use of clear aligners. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Social media platforms provide low-quality information to patients, which potentially can be harmful. These findings underscore the need to offer alternative ways to resolve patient queries before and during treatment and highlight the importance of promoting informed and responsible education regarding online information on orthodontic treatments.

The association of social media with dietary behaviors among adults in the United Arab Emirates.

Background: Social media is an online community that offers a digital setting where people create, share, and access a wide range of information, knowledge, and viewpoints. This study assessed the association between social media use and eating behaviors and whether sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits are correlated with this association. In addition, it assessed whether this effect is different according to changes in lifestyle habits due to the COVID-19 pandemic among adults in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methodology: A cross-sectional web-based study was conducted among 1056 adults living in the UAE. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, social media use, and dietary habits were collected. The Scale of Effects of Social Media on Eating Behavior (SESMEB) was used and a total score ranging from 18 to 90 was generated with higher scores corresponding to a greater effect. The general linear model analysis assessed associations of certain characteristics with the score. Independent T-test and one-way ANOVA test were used to investigate differences based on changes in lifestyle habits due to COVID-19. Results: Most participants (80.3 %) reported using social media >2 h/day. The mean score was 44.15 ± 12.68 (range 18-90). Increasing age, being a male, spending less time on social media, and not following influencers were associated with lower SESMEB scores. Not consuming breakfast and spending more time on screens for leisure were associated with higher scores (p < 0.05). Significantly higher scores were recorded for those previously infected with COVID-19 and who reported an increase in screen time, food intake, body weight, and meals/day (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Social media appears to have an association with adults' dietary habits in the UAE. Spending more time on social media, being a female, and having more screen time were associated with a higher impact. Targeted programs are needed to increase awareness and advocate for a positive lifestyle with social media use.

Unlocking the potential: Exploring the opportunities for occupational therapists in cyberpsychology.

It has long been established that occupational therapists (OTs) play an important role in assisting clients suffering from a variety of physical and mental health conditions. Cyberpsychology is a relatively new field in medicine that pertains to how technology influences people's mental health and behavior. It covers the effects of social media, online gaming, virtual-augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and other forms of technology on individuals. Among the known psychological phenomena arising from individuals' interactions with digital technologies are cyberbullying and technology addiction. This commentary explores how OTs in the cyberpsychology field can develop personalized interventions to enhance digital well-being and promote healthy technology use.

Natural Language Processing-Powered Real-Time Monitoring Solution for Vaccine Sentiments and Hesitancy on Social Media: System Development and Validation.

BACKGROUND: Vaccines serve as a crucial public health tool, although vaccine hesitancy continues to pose a significant threat to full vaccine uptake and, consequently, community health. Understanding and tracking vaccine hesitancy is essential for effective public health interventions; however, traditional survey methods present various limitations. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to create a real-time, natural language processing (NLP)-based tool to assess vaccine sentiment and hesitancy across 3 prominent social media platforms. METHODS: We mined and curated discussions in English from Twitter (subsequently rebranded as X), Reddit, and YouTube social media platforms posted between January 1, 2011, and October 31, 2021, concerning human papillomavirus; measles, mumps, and rubella; and unspecified vaccines. We tested multiple NLP algorithms to classify vaccine sentiment into positive, neutral, or negative and to classify vaccine hesitancy using the World Health Organization's (WHO) 3Cs (confidence, complacency, and convenience) hesitancy model, conceptualizing an online dashboard to illustrate and contextualize trends. RESULTS: We compiled over 86 million discussions. Our top-performing NLP models displayed accuracies ranging from 0.51 to 0.78 for sentiment classification and from 0.69 to 0.91 for hesitancy classification. Explorative analysis on our platform highlighted variations in online activity about vaccine sentiment and hesitancy, suggesting unique patterns for different vaccines. CONCLUSIONS: Our innovative system performs real-time analysis of sentiment and hesitancy on 3 vaccine topics across major social networks, providing crucial trend insights to assist campaigns aimed at enhancing vaccine uptake and public health.

Cytopathology in the era of social media.

In today's medical landscape, social media (SoMe) platforms have expanded their reach beyond mere communication and entertainment, making a significant impact in the pathology field, including cytopathology. In recent years, SoMe platforms have become increasingly adopted by cytopathologists, facilitating continued education, professional networking, enhancing patient engagement, and entertainment. This adoption has influenced the professional growth of cytopathologists, and at its best, has led to the establishment of a robust professional online presence and ultimately contributed to leadership positions, fellowship opportunities, and academic promotions. Moreover, the integration of SoMe into the academic field has shown a profound impact on the visibility of academic journals and has provided a platform for lower-impact factor journals to expand their reach, ultimately increasing article citation rates and positively contributing to journal impact factor growth. SoMe platforms created a modern avenue for conference networking that has revolutionized knowledge dissemination and enhanced real-time engagement. The advantages of SoMe have extended to a global scale, positively enhancing professional expertise sharing, facilitating effective communication and teleconsultation worldwide, and reaching developing countries. Drawing insights from the recent medical literature and the practical insight from the experts' personal experience, this article provides a comprehensive review of how SoMe and cytopathology intersect to create new opportunities, facilitating informed discussions, global collaboration, and advancements in the field of cytopathology. This article also delves into the challenges surrounding SoMe platform navigation and addresses ethical and regulatory concerns, providing guidelines on what to post and what not to post on SoMe platforms.

From Style to Wellness: How Fashion Influencers Are Affecting Healthy Behaviors in Saudi Arabia.

Background Social media influencers, particularly those in the fashion domain, have become prominent sources of health-related information, influencing the health behaviors of their followers, especially within the unique socio-cultural context of Saudi Arabia. This study aims to examine the relationship between following fashion influencers on social media and the adoption of healthy behaviors among Saudi residents. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytic component was conducted from August 25, 2023, to December 15, 2023, among Saudi residents aged 18 years and older who actively follow fashion influencers. Data were collected via a structured, validated questionnaire distributed through various social media platforms. Data analysis was performed by employing descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test, and logistic regression analyses to identify predictors of negative health behavior outcomes. Results The study included 466 participants, revealing that despite insignificant differences in age and gender, postgraduate education was associated with negative outcomes (p = 0.016). Notably, 8.7% of individuals with negative outcomes held postgraduate degrees, compared to 2.9% in the non-negative group. Participants with negative outcomes more frequently followed influencers offering health tips (p = 0.01) and advocating a healthy lifestyle (p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified individuals who followed influencers with fewer than 10K followers had significantly higher odds of negative outcomes (OR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.4-8.9, p = 0.006). Conclusion Following fashion influencers on social media can influence health behaviors among Saudis, with both positive and negative outcomes. Critical evaluation of influencer content is crucial to avoid potential adverse effects. Further research is also needed to explore the dynamics of influencer impact on health outcomes and to develop strategies for effective health communication in the digital age.

Crisis management for the future: Building a platform to provide information on emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases from normal times in Japan.

At the beginning of the mpox (disease caused by monkey pox) epidemic, there was no platform in Japan to provide appropriate information on emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), and the number of accesses to bioterrorism-related information sites increased rapidly. Even though the interest in mpox was much smaller than in coronavirus infectious disease, emerged in late 2019 (COVID-19), the increase in the number of views were much greater than during the COVID-19 epidemic. This may not be because mpox is bioterrorism-related as an analog of smallpox, but rather because there were no other websites providing information on mpox. For future crisis management, there should be a platform to provide information on possible epidemics of EIDs from normal times in Japan.

Patient Experiences and Insights on Chronic Ocular Pain: Social Media Listening Study.

BACKGROUND: Ocular pain has multifactorial etiologies that affect activities of daily life, psychological well-being, and health-related quality of life (QoL). Chronic ocular surface pain (COSP) is a persistent eye pain symptom lasting for a period longer than 3 months. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this social media listening study was to better understand COSP and related symptoms and identify its perceived causes, comorbidities, and impact on QoL from social media posts. METHODS: A search from February 2020 to February 2021 was performed on social media platforms (Twitter, Facebook, blogs, and forums) for English-language content posted on the web. Social media platforms that did not provide public access to information or posts were excluded. Social media posts from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States were retrieved using the Social Studio platform-a web-based aggregator tool. RESULTS: Of the 25,590 posts identified initially, 464 posts about COSP were considered relevant; the majority of conversations (98.3%, n=456) were posted by adults (aged >18 years). Work status was mentioned in 52 conversations. Patients' or caregivers' discussions across social media platforms were centered around the symptoms (61.9%, n=287) and causes (58%, n=269) of ocular pain. Patients mentioned having symptoms associated with COSP, including headache or head pressure, dry or gritty eyes, light sensitivity, etc. Patients posted that their COSP impacts day-to-day activities such as reading, driving, sleeping, and their social, mental, and functional well-being. CONCLUSIONS: Insights from this study reported patients' experiences, concerns, and the adverse impact on overall QoL. COSP imposes a significant burden on patients, which spans multiple aspects of daily life.

Identifying the Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis Based on Zhihu Comment Data Using a Topic-Enhanced Word-Embedding Model: Mixed Method Study and Cluster Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic disease, and several risk factors predispose individuals to the condition in their daily lives, including exposure to allergens and inhalation irritants. Analyzing the potential risk factors that can trigger AR can provide reference material for individuals to use to reduce its occurrence in their daily lives. Nowadays, social media is a part of daily life, with an increasing number of people using at least 1 platform regularly. Social media enables users to share experiences among large groups of people who share the same interests and experience the same afflictions. Notably, these channels promote the ability to share health information. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to construct an intelligent method (TopicS-ClusterREV) for identifying the risk factors of AR based on these social media comments. The main questions were as follows: How many comments contained AR risk factor information? How many categories can these risk factors be summarized into? How do these risk factors trigger AR? METHODS: This study crawled all the data from May 2012 to May 2022 under the topic of allergic rhinitis on Zhihu, obtaining a total of 9628 posts and 33,747 comments. We improved the Skip-gram model to train topic-enhanced word vector representations (TopicS) and then vectorized annotated text items for training the risk factor classifier. Furthermore, cluster analysis enabled a closer look into the opinions expressed in the category, namely gaining insight into how risk factors trigger AR. RESULTS: Our classifier identified more comments containing risk factors than the other classification models, with an accuracy rate of 96.1% and a recall rate of 96.3%. In general, we clustered texts containing risk factors into 28 categories, with season, region, and mites being the most common risk factors. We gained insight into the risk factors expressed in each category; for example, seasonal changes and increased temperature differences between day and night can disrupt the body's immune system and lead to the development of allergies. CONCLUSIONS: Our approach can handle the amount of data and extract risk factors effectively. Moreover, the summary of risk factors can serve as a reference for individuals to reduce AR in their daily lives. The experimental data also provide a potential pathway that triggers AR. This finding can guide the development of management plans and interventions for AR.

Using social media platforms to prepare for examinations post Covid-19: The case of saudi university EFL learners.

Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) applications have been increasingly used by learners and instructors after the government imposed social and educational restrictions in Saudi Arabia for almost two years due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This research investigates Saudi EFL university learners' use of MALL applications, specifically Social Media Platform (SMP) applications, in their preparation for achievement exams post the Covid-19 pandemic social and educational restrictions. A questionnaire consisting of questions, as well as a range of open-ended question was designed and administered to 125 English major female learners who were enrolled at King Faisal University (KFU) in two different educational modes viz., regular (66) and distance (59) participation. Seven SMP applications - WhatsApp, YouTube, Telegram, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat and Facebook - were used in this study. Data were analyzed quantitatively using the MANOVA test in SPSS, and qualitatively. The results have shown that both Regular Learners (RLs) and Distance Learners (DLs) used SMPs to prepare for their exams. The data analysis revealed that there were significant differences between RLs and DLs in their frequency of use of SMPs in preparation for exams. WhatsApp was the most frequently used SMP by RLs, whereas Telegram was the most frequently used SMP by DLs. Facebook was the SMP least frequently used by both groups. There were also statistically significant differences in favor of RLs over DLs in the frequency of use of SMPs in preparation for exams due to the Covid-19 pandemic Most participants reported that SMPs have a positive effect on their academic achievements. During the pandemic this was the main reason for continuing to use SMPs. Other reasons that emerged from the qualitative analysis of the open-ended responses included educational, technical and cognition reinforcement. The study results suggested implications for learners, instructors and educational policy makers.

Public perception of common cancer misconceptions: A nationwide cross-sectional survey and analysis of over 3500 participants in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose/Background: Patients and healthcare providers use online health information and social media (SM) platforms to seek medical information. As the incidence of cancer rises, the popularity of SM platforms has yielded widespread dissemination of incorrect or misleading information about it. In this study, we aimed to assess public knowledge about incorrect cancer information and how they perceive such information in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A nationwide survey was distributed in Saudi Arabia. The survey included questions on demographics, SM platform usage, and common misleading and incorrect cancer information. Results: The sample (N = 3509, mean age 28.7 years) consisted of 70% females and 92.6% Saudi nationals. Most participants had no chronic illness. One-third were college graduates and less than one-quarter were unemployed. Conclusions: Differences in level of knowledge about cancer emerged in association with different demographic factors. Public trust in health information on SM also led to being misinformed about cancer, independent from educational level and other factors. Efforts should be made to rapidly correct this misinformation.

Female urinary incontinence on TikTok and YouTube: is online video content sufficient?

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The objective of the study is to evaluate the reliability and quality of the most-viewed female urinary incontinence-related TikTok and YouTube posts. Our second goal is to analyze the differences in the quality and content of videos between these platforms. METHODS: We searched for the keyword "female urinary incontinence" on TikTok and YouTube on 1 March 2023. We sorted the videos that appeared out of searches for this keyword by "top" results on TikTok and by "relevance" on YouTube. We excluded the videos that were not in English, whose narrator was unclear, unrelated videos, advertising videos, and duplicate videos. In this study, we included the top 50 videos on both platforms that were directly related to female urinary incontinence. The characteristics of the videos, such as likes, video duration, views, and type of narrator (patient, physician, nonphysician practitioner, and health care company), and DISCERN scores were analyzed. RESULTS: We observed that the median view count (p<0.001) and the median video duration (p<0.001) were higher and longer respectively on YouTube than on TikTok. In addition, the median DISCERN score of these videos was higher on YouTube than on TikTok (p<0.001). Similarly, the overall quality of videos was higher on YouTube than on TikTok (p=0.002). Only in two TikTok and two YouTube videos have the narrators cited a reference. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize the present lack of high-quality content available on TikTok and YouTube from both health care and nonhealth care experts. To address this lack of information, health care providers, especially urologists, should take an active role in creating video content.

Is Online Moral Outrage Outrageous? Rethinking the Indignation Machine.

Moral outrage is often characterized as a corrosive emotion, but it can also inspire collective action. In this article we aim to deepen our understanding of the dual nature of online moral outrage which divides people and contributes to inclusivist moral reform. We argue that the specifics of violating different types of moral norms will influence the effects of moral outrage: moral outrage against violating harm-based norms is less antagonistic than moral outrage against violating loyalty and purity/identity norms. We identify which features of social media platforms shape our moral lives. Connectivity, omniculturalism, online exposure, increased group identification and fostering what we call "expressionist experiences", all change how moral outrage is expressed in the digital realm. Finally, we propose changing the design of social media platforms and raise the issue of moral disillusion when ample moral protest in the online environment does not have the expected effects on the offline world.

Social Media Role and Its Impact on Public Health: A Narrative Review.

Social media refers to online social networking sites and is a broad example of Web 2.0, such as Twitter, YouTube, TikTok, Facebook, Snapchat, Reddit, Instagram, WhatsApp, and blogs. It is a new and ever-changing field. Access to the internet, social media platforms and mobile communications are all tools that can be leveraged to make health information available and accessible. This research aimed to conduct an introductory study of the existing published literature on why to choose and how to use social media to obtain population health information and to gain knowledge about various health sectors like disease surveillance, health education, health research, health and behavioral modification, influence policy, enhance professional development and doctor-patient relation development. We searched for publications using databases like PubMed, NCBI, and Google Scholar, and combined 2022 social media usage statistics from PWC, Infographics Archive, and Statista online websites. The American Medical Association (AMA) policy about Professionalism in Social Media Use, American College of Physicians-Federations of State Medical Boards (ACP-FSMB) guidelines for Online Medical Professionalism, and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) social media violations were also briefly reviewed. Our findings reflect the benefits and drawbacks of using web platforms and how they impact public health ethically, professionally, and socially. During our research, we discovered that social media's impact on public health concerns is both positive and negative, and we attempted to explain how social networks are assisting people in achieving health, which is still a source of much debate.

Children's digital play as collective family resilience in the face of the pandemic.

In this article we explore how digital play as conducted through various social media and online meeting platforms facilitated resiliency and confidence building in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using day-in-the-life methodology and narrative inquiry, we disseminate and examine observations collected on children aged 2-10 during lockdown in a Newfoundland neighbourhood. Children utilized platforms such as TikTok, YouTube, and Zoom to embrace their agentic digital play in ways that repurposed the platforms to fulfil life milestones and social needs otherwise impacted and disrupted by pandemic restrictions. Through a series of vignettes and interviews, our research not only examines how such digital play benefits children and their healthy development, but how parents reacted to and assisted with their children's agentic digital platform manipulation and how this provided positive benefits and enriching experiences to the entire family. We additionally explore the conflicts and tensions both children and parents encountered in securely implementing free play via digital platforms, including fears of excess screen-time, digital dependency, and online threats, all of which risk limiting children's ability to independently explore their creativity and identities through digital play if not handled sensitively. Despite the hurdles to implementing digital play, this study exposes why it is essential for families to navigate this online terrain; this study ultimately poses that digital play and online platforms not only were beneficial to maintaining and building family resilience during the pandemic but will be vital assets in sustaining resiliency and positive mindsets moving forward with pandemic recovery.

National Email Communication Platforms May Indicate or Contribute to Gender Disparities: Preliminary Analysis of an Academic Medicine Listserv.

Background: Gender disparities are well documented in the academic medicine literature and have been shown to impact representation, rank, and leadership opportunities for women. Social media platforms, including electronic mailing lists (listservs), may contribute to disparities by differentially highlighting or promoting individuals' work in academic and public health settings. Because of this, they provide a record by which to assess the presence of gender disparities; therefore, they become tools to identify gender differences in the frequency or pattern of representation. This study examines the representation of women in academic medicine electronic communications by analyzing weekly email listserv announcements of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC). Materials and Methods: A mixed methods approach was used to analyze listserv communications during two time periods, 2012-2014 and 2018-2019. Each email contained multiple announcements. Individual achievement messages were selected, categorized by gender, and coded with one of three action categories: departures, appointments, and other mentions. Additionally, each notice was coded by professional setting (media, professional organizations, medical school/research, health care systems, public health, and government). Results: We analyzed a total of 5701 announcements in the AAMC communication listserv. Men represented 73.2% (N = 4171) and women 26.8% (N = 1530) of the total announcements. During 2012-2014, 24.0% of announcements were about women, while in the 2018-2019 sample, 35.7% of announcements were about women (p < 0.001). Overall, women were underrepresented in departure-focused messages compared to messages with an appointment or other focus in the sample. The prevalence of women in announcements from the 2012-2014 and 2018-2019 samples also varied based on setting. Conclusions: Findings support the presence of gender disparities in these sets of listserv communications. While social media overall is not considered to be a source of complete information, this study analyzed the same listserv communication by the same organization over the entire period, thereby providing a window into the frequency and type of representation of women's professional activity in academic medicine.

Social Media Use and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Adolescents: Cross-sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Using social media is a time-consuming activity of children and adolescents. Health authorities have warned that excessive use of social media can negatively affect adolescent social, physical, and psychological health. However, scientific findings regarding associations between time spent on social media and adolescent health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are not consistent. Adolescents typically use multiple social media platforms. Whether the use of multiple social media platforms impacts adolescent health is unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between social media use, including the number of social media platforms used and time spent on social media, and adolescent HRQoL. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 3397 children (mean age 13.5, SD 0.4 years) from the Generation R Study, a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands. Children reported the number of social media platforms used and time spent on social media during weekdays and weekends separately. Children's HRQoL was self-reported with the EuroQol 5-dimension questionnaire-youth version. Data on social media use and HRQoL were collected from 2015 to 2019. Multiple logistic and linear regressions were applied. RESULTS: In this study, 72.6% (2466/3397) of the children used 3 or more social media platforms, and 37.7% (1234/3276) and 58.3% (1911/3277) of the children used social media at least 2 hours per day during weekdays and weekends, respectively. Children using more social media platforms (7 or more platforms) had a higher odds of reporting having some or a lot of problems on "having pain or discomfort" (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.99) and "feeling worried, sad or unhappy" (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.52 to 2.60) dimensions and reported lower self-rated health (ß -3.81, 95% CI -5.54 to -2.09) compared with children who used 0 to 2 social media platforms. Both on weekdays and weekends, children spent more time on social media were more likely to report having some or a lot of problems on "doing usual activities," "having pain or discomfort," "feeling worried, sad or unhappy," and report lower self-rated health (all P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that using more social media platforms and spending more time on social media were significantly related to lower HRQoL. We recommend future research to study the pathway between social media use and HRQoL among adolescents.

Measuring the Impact of Virtual Communities on the Intention to Use Telemedicine Services.

Digital marketing has given new life to healthcare services by enhancing their visibility in the online space. People choose online healthcare services because they can receive instant answers and communicate with specialists in their comfortable environment at the right time. The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of virtual communities on the intention to use telemedicine. The model is based on a combination of consumer desire (psychological objective) and loyalty through promotional formats (economic objective), as well as data collected from 442 respondents analyzed using structural equation modeling. The research results show that by analyzing target groups in social networks, content can be individualized, and an accurate measurement of e-patient satisfaction must be conducted in order to improve the experience of future consumers of telemedicine services. The results of this study explain what makes people want to use digital healthcare services and can serve as a guide for people who run virtual communities and help digital healthcare service providers figure out how to market their services.

Conspiracy theories and social media platforms.

Conspiracy theories proliferate online. We provide an overview of information consumption patterns related to conspiracy content on four mainstream social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Reddit), with a focus on niche ones. Opinion polarisation and echo chambers appear as pivotal elements of communication around conspiracy theories. A relevant role may also be played by the content moderation policies enforced by each social media platform. Banning contents or users from a social media could lead to a level of user segregation that goes beyond echo chambers and reaches the entire social media space, up to the formation of 'echo platforms'. The insurgence of echo platforms is a new online phenomenon that needs to be investigated as it could foster many dangerous phenomena that we observe online, including the spreading of conspiracy theories.