ABSTRACT
La présente étude analyse les réalités sociales de la prise en charge du paludisme chez les enfants de 0 à 5 ans vivants aux abords du versant gourou d'Abobo Plateau Dokui. Elle a permis de mettre en évidence d'une part, les déterminants sociaux du maintien des populations aux abords du versant gourou mais aussi les mécanismes de prévention voire de protection existant contre le paludisme. D'autre part, elle expose les perceptions socio-sanitaires des riverains du versant gourou face aux insuffisances de la prise en charge du paludisme des enfants de 0 à 5 ans. En outre, selon le principe de la saturation en recherche qualitative, les participants à ce travail ont été sélectionnés selon un recrutement direct et aléatoire sur place. Ainsi, 35 chefs de ménage ou leur représentant légitime, 08 leaders et/ou responsables communautaires et 05 professionnels de santé ont participé à la production des données. Les entretiens de type semi-directif ont été nécessaires pour la collecte des données sur le terrain. Diverses documentations écrites ont également été exploitées afin de circonscrire le problème de recherche. Précédés d'une transcription au terme de leur collecte, les données ont été traitées à travers l'analyse de contenu. Comme résultats, il ressort que les mesures de prévention se résument à la distribution et à la sensibilisation sur leur usage de moustiquaires imprégnées, mais aussi le recours des insecticides. Toutefois, la prise en charge médicale reste limitée car ce sont les parents eux-mêmes qui assurent les frais d'hospitalisation et de médications de leurs enfants.
This study analyzes the social realities of malaria management in children aged 0-5 living on the Abobo Plateau Dokui Guru Slope. It highlighted the social determinants of keeping people near the guru, as well as the prevention and protection mechanisms against malaria. On the other hand, it exposes the socio-health perceptions of residents living on the guru side of the river in the face of the inadequacies of malaria management for children aged 0 to 5 years. In addition, according to the principle of saturation in qualitative research, the participants in this work were selected according to adirect and random recruitment on the spot. For example,35 heads of households or their legitimate representatives, 08 community leaders and/or leaders and 05 health professionals were involved in the production of the data. Semi-directive interviews were required for field data collection. Various written documents have al so been used to identify the research problem. The data was processed through content analysis and was then transcribed when it was collected. The results show that prevention measures are limited to distributing and raising awareness about their use of insecticide-treated nets and also the use of insecticides. However, medical care remains limited as the parents themselves pay for their children's hospitalization and medication.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Disease Management , Diagnosis , Malaria , Perception , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: el cuidado prenatal es un aspecto clave de salud pública, con gran impacto en la salud materna y perinatal, así como en otras etapas del ciclo vital. Sus características pueden ser variables entre y al interior de los países, y vincularse a ciertos determinantes sociales. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar escenarios sociosanitarios del cuidado prenatal y analizar asociaciones entre determinantes sociales e indicadores sintéticos seleccionados del cuidado prenatal en Argentina (2010-2018). Metodología: se desarrolló un estudio ecológico de grupos múltiples (n = 24 jurisdicciones). Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de fuentes secundarias: última información disponible del Sistema Informático Perinatal (2018) y censo nacional (2010). Se realizó un análisis de conglomerados de tipo jerárquico y aglomerativo (método de Ward). Se ilustró la distribución espacial de los escenarios identificados y se valoraron las diferencias entre ellos mediante la prueba ANOVA. Para estimar asociaciones entre indicadores sociales e indicadores del cuidado prenatal se propusieron modelos de regresión lineal. Resultados: se identificaron cinco escenarios sociosanitarios del cuidado prenatal, que revelan heterogeneidades en la distribución de indicadores de cuidado prenatal y sociales a nivel provincial. Además, el porcentaje de hogares en situación de pobreza presentó una asociación directa, en tanto el índice de desarrollo humano y la esperanza de vida al nacer una inversa con el control prenatal insuficiente. Conclusiones: existen diferentes escenarios sociosanitarios del cuidado prenatal en Argentina y ciertas características sociales de los contextos en que residen las personas podrían subyacer a su configuración.
Abstract Introduction: the prenatal care is a key aspect in public health, with great impact in maternal and perinatal health, as well as in other stages of the life cycle. The features of the prenatal care could be variable between and within countries, and be related to social determinants. The aim of this study was to identify socio-sanitary scenarios of prenatal care, and to analyze associations between social determinants and selected synthetic indicators of prenatal care in Argentina (2010-2018). Methodology: A multi-group ecological study (n=24 jurisdictions) was developed. The data were obtained from secondary sources: the latest available data of the Perinatal Informatics' System (2018) and national census (2010). A hierarchical and agglomerative cluster analysis was carried out (Wards method). The spatial distribution of the scenarios was illustrated by a map. ANOVA test was applied to assess the differences between the identified scenarios. To estimate associations between social indicators and indicators of prenatal care, linear regression models were applied. Results: five socio-sanitary scenarios of prenatal care were identified, which reveal heterogeneities in the distribution of prenatal and social care indicators. In addition, the percentage of households living in poverty presented a direct association, and the human development index and life expectancy at birth an inverse association with insufficient prenatal care. Conclusions: different socio-sanitary scenarios exist in Argentina, and some social characteristics of the contexts in which people live might underlie its configuration.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Prenatal Care , Delivery of Health Care , Health Services Accessibility , ArgentinaABSTRACT
In the context of the current sociosanitary crisis, we seek here to debate and reflect on policies and strategies to confront Covid-19 in Cuba, which has achieved superior results to other countries in the Latin American subcontinent and most OECD countries. From a series of videoconference interviews conducted with prominent Cuban leaders and academics, we chose here to shed light on the issues that we think are urgent to (re)think about the tragic Brazilian experience. Role of the State, government and health system especially Primary Healthcare in prevention, surveillance, and promotion , relations between management, services, sciences and biopharmaceutical industry, community and women's participation in the ongoing process are some of the topics discussed.
En el contexto de la actual crisis socio-sanitaria, buscamos aquí discutir y reflexionar sobre las políticas y estrategias para hacer frente al Covid-19 en Cuba, que ha logrado resultados superiores a los de otros países del subcontinente latinoamericano y la mayoría de los países de la OCDE. A partir de una serie de entrevistas por videoconferencia realizadas con destacados líderes y académicos cubanos, elegimos aquí arrojar luz sobre los temas que creemos que son urgentes para (re)pensar en la trágica experiencia brasileña. El papel del Estado, el gobierno y el sistema de salud, especialmente de la APS, - en la prevención, vigilancia, promoción y atención de la salud las relaciones entre la gestión, los servicios, las ciencias y la industria biofarmacéutica, la participación de la comunidad y la mujer en el proceso en curso son algunos de los temas tratados.
No contexto da atual crise sociossanitária, buscamos aqui debater e refletir sobre políticas e estratégias de enfrentamento a Covid-19 em Cuba que tem alcançado resultados superiores a outros países do subcontinente latino-americano e a maioria dos países da OCDE. A partir de uma série de entrevistas por videoconferências realizadas junto a destacados dirigentes e acadêmicos cubanos, optamos aqui por jogar luz às questões que julgamos serem urgentes para (re)pensarmos a trágica experiência brasileira. Papel do Estado, governo e sistema de saúde em especial da APS na prevenção, vigilância, promoção e cuidado da saúde , relações entre gestão, serviços, ciências e indústria biofarmacêutica, e a participação comunitária e das mulheres no processo em curso são algumas das temáticas discutidas.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on health systems, whose modes of adaptation and response on the ground are still poorly documented and are evolving. The Dakar Integrated Support Center for Addictions (CEPIAD) has been implementing risk reduction since 2014, particularly with drug users. The COVID-19 pandemic and related public health measures were an obstacle to its attendance by patients, in particular due to movement restriction. In addition to the implementation of individual and collective preventive measures in the center, CEPIAD has experimented "take-home" for methadon that is generally provided daily through directly observed treatment. The center has also taken care of amnestied incarcerated cannabis users. Several aspects of this experience, perceived positively, could be relevant outside the pandemic context.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , COVID-19/epidemiology , Continuity of Patient Care , Humans , Methadone , Pandemics/prevention & control , SenegalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Nursing homes are high-risk environments for the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, as they are a closed environment, with patients who present atypical manifestations of the disease, high risk of unfavorable evolution, and staff who frequently present a high mobility in relation to their jobs. On the other hand, in a pandemic situation, numerous hospitals have suffered periods of great healthcare pressure. The objective of this work was to present an experience of medicalization of a residence where almost 50% of the residents contracted the disease. METHODS: A multidisciplinary intervention was carried out in a publicly owned nursing home with 99 residents. Specialists from Internal Medicine, Primary Care and health technicians worked together, in close collaboration with the residence workers. The presence of nursing personnel 24 hours a day and medical personnel with daily visits was enabled. The center was provided with the necessary means to administer the medication (oral and intravenous) and oxygen therapy necessary to care for patients with the disease. Analytical results were available within 24 hours. For data analysis, the percentages were calculated and the mean was used as a measure of central tendency. RESULTS: Forty-eight residents (48.5%) and fifteen workers contracted the disease. The total number of deaths during that period was thirteen (13.1%), seven of them diagnosed with COVID-19 (mean age 84.4 years), with a fatality rate of 14.6%. Eleven patients (22%) diagnosed with COVID-19 were hospitalized, two of whom died during admission. CONCLUSIONS: The medicalization of nursing homes can help to reduce the pressure on care in hospitals and optimize care for these vulnerable people with more humanized care, which can ultimately lead to better health outcomes.
OBJETIVO: Las residencias de ancianos son entornos de alto riesgo para la transmisión del coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, por tratarse de ambientes cerrados, con personas que muestran manifestaciones atípicas de la enfermedad, con altas posibilidades de evolucionar desfavorablemente y con personal que frecuentemente presenta una elevada movilidad en relación a los puestos de trabajo. Por otro lado, en una situación de pandemia, numerosos centros hospitalarios han soportado periodos de gran presión asistencial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar una experiencia de medicalización de una residencia donde casi el 50% de los residentes contrajo la enfermedad. METODOS: Se llevó a cabo una intervención multidisciplinar en una residencia de ancianos de titularidad pública con 99 residentes. Trabajaron de forma conjunta especialistas de Medicina Interna, Atención Primaria y técnicos de salud, en estrecha colaboración con los trabajadores de la residencia. Se habilitó la presencia de personal de Enfermería las 24 horas y personal médico con visita diaria. Se dotó al centro de los medios necesarios para la administración de la medicación (oral e intravenosa) y la oxigenoterapia necesaria para atender a los pacientes con la enfermedad. Los resultados analíticos estaban disponibles en 24 horas. Para el análisis de los datos se calcularon los porcentajes y se empleó la media como medida de tendencia central. RESULTADOS: Cuarenta y ocho residentes (48,5%) y quince trabajadores contrajeron la enfermedad. El número total de fallecimientos durante ese periodo fue de trece (13,1%), siete de ellos con diagnóstico de COVID-19 (edad media de 84,4 años), siendo la tasa de letalidad del 14,6%. Once pacientes (22%) con diagnóstico de COVID-19 fueron hospitalizados, falleciendo dos durante el ingreso. CONCLUSIONES: La medicalización de las residencias puede contribuir a disminuir la presión asistencial en los centros hospitalarios, así como a optimizar los cuidados a estas personas vulnerables con una asistencia más humanizada, lo que puede redundar, finalmente, en mejores resultados en salud.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/therapy , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Homes for the Aged/organization & administration , Medicalization/organization & administration , Nursing Homes/organization & administration , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , COVID-19/mortality , Delivery of Health Care/methods , Female , Health Personnel/organization & administration , Hospitalization , Humans , Male , Medicalization/methods , Patient Care Team/organization & administration , SARS-CoV-2 , Spain , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and socio-sanitary characteristics of adults older than 65 years attended in a Primary Care setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The PYCAF study (Prevalence and Characteristics of the Fragile Elderly) is a descriptive, cross-sectional and multicentre study, in which patients older than 65 years attended in clinical practice in Primary Care in Spain were consecutively included. RESULTS: A total of 2,461 patients (mean age 76.0±6.9 years, 57.9% women) were included in the study. The coexistence of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities was frequent, with arterial hypertension (73.7%) being the most prevalent, followed by dyslipidaemia (58.3%), arthrosis (56.4%), obesity (34.0%), and diabetes (28.9%). Some degree of cognitive impairment was observed in 13.4% of patients. Women had higher rates of frailty (61.0% vs. 51.8%; P<.001). Just under half (47.4%) of subjects were taking more than 6 drugs, with the prescription being higher in women (44.2% vs. 49.8%; P=.047). Just under half (49.5%) of patients made more than 10 visits to Primary Care, 25.9% of patients 4 or more visits to the specialist, and 22.3% of patients were admitted to hospital in the last year. CONCLUSIONS: The PYCAF study shows that elderly patients have a higher prevalence of chronic cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases, which leads to high polypharmacy. The latter has consequences both on patient safety and on the direct and indirect costs of the National Health System that emanate from the care of patients over 65 years of age. Half the sample has fragility.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Frail Elderly/statistics & numerical data , Frailty/epidemiology , Polypharmacy , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Primary Health Care , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
El efectivo desarrollo de la Estrategia de Atención Primaria en el Primer Nivel de Atención del Instituto Nacional de Servicios Sociales para Jubilados y Pensionados (INSSJP-PAMI), exige correspondencia entre la formulación de políticas sanitarias para el adulto mayor y la implementación de determinados modelos de gestión. Con este propósito se describió el primer nivel de atención sanitaria en el marco del Modelo Médicos de Cabecera vigente según Resolución 284/05, se evaluó Gestión de Calidad así como el grado de desarrollo de la Estrategia de APS y se busco conocer la calidad de las prestaciones que reciben los adultos mayores en el primer nivel de atención desde la perspectiva de los propios usuarios como Sujetos Activos de Derecho. Por ultimo se formularon recomendaciones destinadas a fortalecer la capacidad de gestión de los Médicos de Cabecera del INSSJP-PAMI. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Análisis de fuentes secundarias. Encuesta semi-estructurada. Muestra probabilística. Se utilizaron para el procesamiento estadístico Info Stat y SPSS...
The actual development of the Strategy of Medical care in the Primary health Care in the primary health care of attention of National Institute of Social Services for the Retired and Pensioned (INSSJP-PAMI), requires correspondence between the formulation of health policies for the elderly and the implementation of specific role models. To this end we escribed the current primary level of medical care in the frame of the family doctors model under the 284/05 resolution, we analyzed the quality of the management as well as the degree of development of the APS Strategy and we searched information about the quality of the assistance provided to the elderly during the primary health care from the user´s point of view as Active Lawful Subjects. Finally, we offer ecommendations meant to the strengthen the capacity of the treatment of the INSSJP-PAMI family doctors. Material and Methods: Descriptive cross-section analysis. Analysis of secondary sources. Semi structured survey. Proof samples. InfoStat and SPSS were used for the processing of statistics...
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Aged , Housing for the Elderly , Health Services for the Aged/organization & administration , Management Service Organizations , Social Work/organization & administration , Primary Health Care , Quality of Health Care , Total Quality Management , ArgentinaABSTRACT
Condiciones de vida deficientes, contaminación fecal de agua, de alimentos y del suelo favorecen la transmisión de parásitos intestinales. Para establecer asociación entre pobreza e infestación parasitaria se evaluaron aspectos socio-sanitarios (composición familiar, estrato social, vivienda), ambientales (agua, excretas) y coproparasitológicos (examen directo y kato) en 257 sujetos (2 a 18 años), de Valencia Estado Carabobo. Se encontró: Predominio de escolares en estrato IV, de estructura monofamiliar y de 5 personas por grupo; 48,2 por ciento de infestación, alta prevalencia en escolares (mono (57,3 por ciento) y poliparasitismo (52,6 por ciento). Los protozoarios fueron más prevalentes en el estrato IV (63,9 por ciento) y los helmintos en el estrato V (64,3 por ciento). No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre estrato socioeconómico por el método de Graffar- Méndez Castellano y parasitosis, pero sí entre parasitosis y ausencia de cloacas, agua no tratada, baño intradomiciliario, ausencia de piso y número de personas por familia. Predominio de protozoarios en familias de hasta 5 personas (56,6 por ciento) y helmintos en familias con mas de de cinco personas (78,6 por ciento). Asociación significativa entre Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba coli y Ascaris lumbricoides y familias de más de 5 personas. Hubo estrecha aociación entre parasitosis y condiciones socio-sanitarias, ambientales y conductuales, lo que favorece la morbilidad en este grupo poblacional, perpetuando el ciclo de pobreza e infestación parasitaria.
Poor living conditions, fecal contamination of food, water and soil are factors that contribute to intestinal parasites transmission. In order to stablish association between poverty and parasitary infectation, socio-sanitary (family structure, social stratum, housing), environmental (water and excreta disposition) and coproparasitological (direct and kato examination) aspects were evaluated, in 257 subjects (2-18 years old), from Valencia, Carabobo State. Findings were: High prevalence of school children, of stratum IV, of monofamiliar structure, with five persons per group. Parasite infestation was found in 48.2 percent of children, more prevalent in school children, with mono (53.7 percent) and poliparasitism (52.6 percent). Protozoa forms were more prevalent in stratum IV (63.9 percent) and helminthes forms in stratum V (64.3 percent). There was not statistically significant association between socioeconomic strata assessed by Graffar-Mndez Castellano method and parasitic infestation, but between parasitic infestation and sociosanitary conditions (absence of sewers, non-treated water, intradomiciliary bath, absence of floor and number of people by family), statistically significant association was present. Predominance of protozoa in subjects from small families groups (less than five persons) was 56.6 percent while in children from large families groups (higher than five persons), prevalence of helminthes was 78.6 percent. Significant association was found between Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba coli and Ascaris lumbricoides and large families groups. It is concluded that a strong and significant association was found between parasite infestations and socio-sanitary, environmental and cultural conditions, situation that favours a high morbidity rate, which perpetuates the interactions cycle of poverty and parasite infestations.
