Sociocultural Antecedents and Mechanisms of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Mexican-Origin Youth.

Mexican-origin youth, as a large and growing population among U.S. youth, have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Understanding what, when, and how sociocultural factors may influence their COVID-19 vaccine uptake could inform current and future pandemic-response interventions promoting vaccination behaviors among Mexican-origin youth. The current study takes a developmental approach to reveal the long-term and short-term sociocultural antecedents of 198 Mexican-origin adolescents' COVID-19 vaccination uptake behaviors and explores the underlying mechanism of these associations based on the Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior model. The current study adopted Wave 1 (2012-2015) and Wave 4 (2021-2022) self-reported data from a larger study. Analyses were conducted to examine four mediation models for four sociocultural antecedents-daily discrimination, ethnic discrimination, foreigner stress, and family economic stress-separately. Consistent indirect effects of higher levels of concurrent sociocultural risk factors on a lower probability of COVID-19 vaccine uptake were observed to occur through less knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccines and less positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccines at Wave 4. Significant direct effects, but in opposite directions, were found for the associations between Wave 1 ethnic discrimination/Wave 4 daily discrimination and the probability of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. The findings highlight the importance of considering prior and concurrent sociocultural antecedents and the Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior pathway leading to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among Mexican-origin youth and suggest that the impact of discrimination on COVID-19 vaccination uptake may depend on the type (e.g., daily or ethnic) and the context (e.g., during the COVID-19 pandemic or not) of discrimination experienced.

Experiences of family caregivers in dealing with cases of advanced breast cancer: a qualitative study of the sociocultural context in Punjab, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Patients with advanced breast cancer require consistent help and support from family caregivers. These caregivers often endure financial burdens and psychological stress, with their experiences significantly influenced by sociocultural factors. This study aims to explore the experiences of family caregivers of advanced breast cancer patients in Punjab province, Pakistan. METHODS: Data was collected through in-depth interviews with fifteen family caregivers of advanced breast cancer patients in three major cities of Punjab, Pakistan. Caregivers, who had been in close contact with the patient for the last two years, were purposively sampled from five major hospitals. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The study revealed that the experiences of family caregivers are deeply rooted in the sociocultural context. Key themes identified include social responsibility and cultural reciprocity norms; limited awareness and mobility options for caregivers; financial responsibility and strain; impacts of beauty myths and shyness on caregiving attitudes and decisions; the stressful and emotional nature of caregiving; treatment perspectives influenced by social groups; challenges in consulting male physicians and associated stigma; the role of religious beliefs in caregiving; and stress management, with religion often being a coping mechanism. These factors can contribute to delayed treatment decisions for patients. CONCLUSIONS: Family caregivers are crucial in facilitating timely treatment decisions for advanced breast cancer patients in the Pakistani context. To minimize treatment delays and alleviate caregiver stress, addressing sociocultural barriers in care-seeking is essential. A tailored approach, considering sociocultural and religious factors, is imperative for the management and early diagnosis of breast cancer, necessitating appropriate policymaking and implementation.

Checklist como herramienta para los padres ante la fiebre en el paciente pediátrico / Facing fever in the pediatric patient: Checklist as a tool for parents

Introducción: En Europa occidental el 20-40% de los niños con fiebre solicitan asistencia sanitaria. La mayoría presentan infecciones virales banales, sin embargo, es esencial en pediatría distinguir los pacientes que presentan una infección severa. Este proceso se inicia con el reconocimiento de la gravedad y la posterior búsqueda de atención médica por parte de los padres. Metodología: Estudio observacional analítico y transversal. Se seleccionaron 100 pacientes en 2 centros de salud. Se recogieron los datos sociodemográficos, junto con las respuestas de un checklist que contenía los signos y los síntomas ante los que solicitar asistencia sanitaria en caso de fiebre. Posteriormente se rellenó el checklist por parte del pediatra. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 5,41 años. El 50% consultó en las primeras 48h de evolución de la fiebre. En el 42% la respuesta a todos los ítems del checklist fue exactamente la misma entre acompañante y pediatra. No existieron diferencias significativas según variables: primer episodio de fiebre (p=0,262), edad del paciente (p=0,859), tener hermano/as (p=0,880), parentesco familiar del acompañante (p=0,648) o grado de estudios del acompañante (p=0,828). Conclusiones: Las consultas médicas por fiebre en pediatría se realizan muy precozmente. Un alto porcentaje no presentan signos de alarma cuando consultan. Se plantea la necesidad ampliar la formación sobre los signos de alarma de la fiebre en todos los padres, independientemente del número de hijos, de la edad o del nivel educacional. El checklist como herramienta para la valoración en el domicilio de la fiebre ha recibido una alta puntuación en su utilidad.(AU)

Introduction: In Western Europe, 20%-40% of children with fever request health care. Most of them present trivial viral infections, however, it is essential in pediatrics to distinguish patients who present a severe infection. This process begins with the recognition of the seriousness and the subsequent search for medical attention by the parents. Methodology: Analytical and cross-sectional observational study. One hundred patients were selected in two health centers. Sociodemographic data were collected, together with the responses to a checklist containing the signs and symptoms to request health care in case of fever. Subsequently, the checklist was filled out by the pediatrician. Results: The mean age of the patients was 5.41 years. 50% consulted in the first 48h of fever evolution. In 42%, the response to all the items on the checklist was exactly the same between the companion and the pediatrician. There were no significant differences according to variables: first episode of fever (P=.262), age of the patient (P=.859), having a sibling (P=.880), family relationship of the companion (P=.648) or educational level of the companion (P=.828). Conclusions: Medical consultations for fever in pediatrics are carried out very early. A high percentage do not present alarm signs when they consult. There is a need to expand training on the alarm signs of fever in all parents, regardless of the number of children, age or educational level. The checklist as a tool for home assessment of fever has received high marks for its usefulness.(AU)

"I don't want my marriage to end": a qualitative investigation of the sociocultural factors influencing contraceptive use among married Rohingya women residing in refugee camps in Bangladesh.

BACKGROUND: The timely provision of comprehensive contraceptive services to Rohingya women is impeded due to a lack of clarity and understanding of their traditional beliefs and cultural frameworks. Recognizing this challenge, our paper aims to explore the socio-cultural factors influencing the utilization of contraceptives among married Rohingya women living in the refugee camps of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. METHOD: A qualitative study was conducted in two unregistered Rohingya camps (Camp 7&14) located in Ukhiya Upazila, Cox's Bazar from January 10th to 20th, 2022. A total of 14 In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) were conducted among married Rohingya women of reproductive age (15-49 years), along with 16 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) involving stakeholders engaged in reproductive healthcare provision. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. All interviews were conducted in the local language, recorded, transcribed verbatim, and subsequently translated into English. The data were analyzed using NVivo (Version 11), and the analysis process followed Neuman's three-phase coding system. RESULTS: Five broad themes were identified: Sociocultural expectations and values attached to births, power imbalances within marital relationships, the role of religious beliefs, fear of side effects, and misperceptions about contraception. Having a larger number of children is viewed positively as it is believed that children play a crucial role in preserving the lineage and contributing to the growth of the Islamic population. Despite expressing an inclination towards contraception, the disapproval of husbands becomes a significant barrier for women. Defying their husbands' wishes can result in instances of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and even marriage dissolution within the camps. Moreover, the fear of side effects, such as a particular method would cause infertility, discourages women from using contraception. Many of these fears stem from myths, misconceptions, and mistrust in the existing medical system. CONCLUSION: Addressing the socio-cultural barriers that prevent women from using modern contraception will have important public health implications. These findings can support in crafting culturally sensitive programs and educational interventions. These initiatives can assist Rohingya refugee women in planning their pregnancies and reducing high-risk pregnancies, ultimately leading to a decrease in maternal mortality rates within the community.

The timely provision of comprehensive contraceptive services to Rohingya women is impeded due to a lack of clarity and understanding of their traditional beliefs and cultural frameworks. Taking this into account, our objective is to investigate the socio-cultural factors that influence the utilization of contraceptives among married Rohingya women living in the refugee camps of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. A total of 14 IDIs and 16 KIIs were conducted in two unregistered Rohingya camps. We found that contraceptive use among Rohingya refugees was constrained by various socio-cultural and religious beliefs. The desire for a larger number of children to ensure the continuity of the lineage and to be able to contribute to the growth of the Islamic population serves as a major barrier. Lack of decision-making power regarding reproductive life not only stops participation but also makes women vulnerable to IPV and marriage dissolution within the camps. Moreover, the fear of side effects, such as a particular method would cause infertility, discourages women from using contraception. Many of these fears stem from myths, misconceptions, and mistrust in the existing medical system. Young women often acquire information about both true side effects and myths from their social networks. Therefore, developing culturally sensitive programs and educational interventions targeting the women, their peers, and other related communities is indispensable to assist Rohingya refugee women in overcoming the identified barriers to contraception.

The current sociocultural background of eating disorders.

Eating disorders (EDs) are complex phenomena that are partly influenced by sociocultural factors. The thin body ideal of Western civilization, disseminated by mass media and reinforced by the fashion industry, plays a significant role. In this cultural environment, the social perception of the human body has undergone a change.

Exploring Body Image Dissatisfaction and Psychiatric Co-morbidities in Rural India: A Comprehensive Review.

This comprehensive review examines the intricate landscape of body image dissatisfaction (BID) in rural India, shedding light on the multifaceted factors influencing individual perceptions and societal expectations. Delving into cultural nuances, economic disparities, and gender-specific experiences, the study highlights the pervasive nature of BID across diverse age groups. Unveiling the complex interplay between BID and psychiatric co-morbidities, such as depression and anxiety, underscores the urgency of integrated mental health interventions. The review concludes with a resounding call to action for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and communities. It advocates for culturally sensitive mental health policies, targeted healthcare training, and community-driven initiatives to foster environments conducive to positive body image and mental well-being. By acknowledging these challenges and committing to collaborative solutions, this review aims to contribute to developing comprehensive strategies that address BID in rural India and pave the way for healthier and more resilient communities.

[Facing fever in the pediatric patient: Checklist as a tool for parents]. / Checklist como herramienta para los padres ante la fiebre en el paciente pediátrico.

INTRODUCTION: In Western Europe, 20%-40% of children with fever request health care. Most of them present trivial viral infections, however, it is essential in pediatrics to distinguish patients who present a severe infection. This process begins with the recognition of the seriousness and the subsequent search for medical attention by the parents. METHODOLOGY: Analytical and cross-sectional observational study. One hundred patients were selected in two health centers. Sociodemographic data were collected, together with the responses to a checklist containing the signs and symptoms to request health care in case of fever. Subsequently, the checklist was filled out by the pediatrician. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 5.41 years. 50% consulted in the first 48h of fever evolution. In 42%, the response to all the items on the checklist was exactly the same between the companion and the pediatrician. There were no significant differences according to variables: first episode of fever (P=.262), age of the patient (P=.859), having a sibling (P=.880), family relationship of the companion (P=.648) or educational level of the companion (P=.828). CONCLUSIONS: Medical consultations for fever in pediatrics are carried out very early. A high percentage do not present alarm signs when they consult. There is a need to expand training on the alarm signs of fever in all parents, regardless of the number of children, age or educational level. The checklist as a tool for home assessment of fever has received high marks for its usefulness.

Exploring men's struggles with infertility: A qualitative content analysis.

AIM: To investigate the experiences of men struggling with infertility. DESIGN: This is a qualitative study, and the report follows the COREQ checklist. METHODS: A team of nurse researchers conducted this research in Iran to examine the experiences of 11 men with primary infertility. The participants were selected through targeted sampling and underwent in-depth semi-structured interviews. The data collected was analysed using the conventional content analysis method outlined by Krippendorff. To ensure the study's accuracy, it followed the criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba. RESULTS: The central theme, "the threat to masculinity," was identified upon analysis. It comprises six categories: psychological pressure of confronting reality, frustration, discomfort with others, holding out against ridicule, tolerating unwanted opinions and advice and concealment of infertility and therapy. CONCLUSION: This study brings attention to the challenge to masculinity that men with primary infertility face as their central struggle. It highlights the importance of culturally sensitive care from healthcare professionals, emotional support, counselling services and public awareness to reduce the stigma surrounding male infertility. It can be valuable to evaluate and enhance infertility care in various settings. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE: To provide the best possible care for infertile men, it would be beneficial for nurses to pay more attention to sociocultural factors. Fertility care should be respectful of patients' beliefs and backgrounds. IMPACT: WHAT PROBLEM DID THE STUDY ADDRESS?: Infertility care has been the subject of recent research, focusing on the impact of sociocultural factors. Male-factor infertility is often overlooked in clinical care literature. There is a correlation between cultural background and men's acceptance of reproductive healthcare. WHAT WERE THE MAIN FINDINGS?: Male infertility is often avoided in discussions due to its perceived threat to masculinity. Multiple factors, including societal norms, cultural expectations and personal experiences, influence the nature of men's struggles with infertility. Providing emotional support and counselling services is crucial so that men can openly discuss their fertility challenges and seek treatment without feeling ashamed or judged. WHERE AND ON WHOM WILL THE RESEARCH HAVE AN IMPACT?: Raising public awareness and providing education about male infertility is crucial. Nurses must exhibit cultural sensitivity while caring for men experiencing infertility. Policymakers need to implement strategies to reduce the stigma surrounding male infertility. REPORTING METHOD: The study is reported using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No public or patient involvement.

Neurocognitive, Sociocultural, and Psychological Factors Impacting Medication Beliefs Among HIV-Seropositive Latinx Adults.

Among Latinx people living with HIV (PLWH), neurocognitive (NC) function, culture, and mental health impact medication adherence. Similarly, health beliefs and attitudes play a role in health care barriers and health behaviors. Research has not examined the effect that compromised neurocognition, sociocultural factors, and mental health have on health beliefs and attitudes. This is especially relevant for Latinx PLWH who are disproportionately impacted by HIV, given that sociocultural factors may uniquely impact HIV-related NC and psychological sequelae. This study investigated the associations between neurocognition, sociocultural factors, mental health, health beliefs, and health attitudes among Latinx HIV-seropositive adults. Within a sample of 100 Latinx PLWH, better verbal learning and executive functioning abilities were associated with more positive attitudes about the benefits of medications and memory for medications. In terms of sociocultural factors, higher English language competence was related to better self-reported memory for medications, and overall, higher US acculturation was associated with more positive attitudes toward health professionals. Depressive symptomatology was negatively associated with attitudes toward medications and health professionals, as well as with self-reported memory for medications. These findings highlight the important interplay between NC, sociocultural, psychological factors, and health beliefs among Latinx PLWH. Adherence intervention strategies and suggestions for dispensing medical information are presented for clinicians and health care practitioners.

Factores sociodemográficos y socioculturales que influyen en la donación de sangre en el Perú: resultados de una encuesta nacional, 2022 / Sociodemographic and sociocultural factors that influence blood donation in Perú: results of a national survey, 2022

RESUMEN Introducción: Los factores sociodemográficos y socioculturales influyen en la donación de sangre en diversos países, nuestro objetivo de estudio fue determinar cuáles son los factores que influyen en la donación de sangre en el Perú. El estudio: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal en personas entre 18 a 60 años a nivel nacional, se analizaron los datos mediante SPSS v.20 Hallazgos: La muestra de estudio fue de 739 personas, el 50,4% hombres; se determinó que hay buen conocimiento acerca de la donación de sangre con un porcentaje mayor al 50% de preguntas contestadas correctamente, así mismo existe una actitud positiva frente a la donación de sangre Conclusiones: Los factores socioculturales que influyen en la donación de sangre es el desconocimiento, un 40% de los participantes desconoce los requisitos básicos para ser donante de sangre, otro factor es la falsa creencia que al estar tomando medicamentos no se puede donar sangre (47%).

ABSTRACT Background: Sociodemographic and sociocultural factors influence blood donation in various countries, our objective of study was to determine what are the factors that influence blood donation in Peru. The study: An observational, crosssectional study was conducted in people between 18 and 60 years at the national level, the data were analyzed using SPSS v.20 Findings: The study sample was 739 people, 50.4% men; It was determined that there is good knowledge about blood donation with a percentage greater than 50% of questions answered correctly, likewise there is a positive attitude towards blood donation Conclusions: The sociocultural factors that influence blood donation is ignorance, 40% of the participants do not know the basic requirements to be a blood donor, another factor is the false belief. because they are taking medication, they cannot donate blood (47%).

Discursive delegitimisation of homosexuality on Chinese social media.

This article contributes to the understanding of public representations of homosexuality in China by focusing on the case of a homophobic textbook. College student Xixi sued Jinan University Press (JUP) in 2017 for classifying homosexuality as a psychosexual disorder. Three years later, a Chinese court dismissed Xixi's lawsuit against the allegedly homophobic textbook published by JUP. The ruling elicited responses on Chinese social media that demonstrated the polarisation of public opinion regarding homosexuality. This article investigates discursive representations of homosexuality in online space by analysing the public discourse surrounding this problem. Using van Leeuwen's discursive delegitimation strategies (i.e., authorisation, moral evaluation, rationalisation, and mythopoesis), 496 comments posted on Sina Weibo were employed and subjected to discourse analysis. According to our findings, these strategies contribute to public opposition to homosexuality, portrayed as unhealthy, infertile, disruptive, and corrosive. The article concludes by discussing the emerging sociocultural factors on Sina Weibo that influence the anti-homosexuality attitudes of Weibo users.

Exploring Sociocultural Influences Affecting Body Image in Survivors of Childhood Sexual Assault.

This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of survivors of childhood sexual assault, their meaning making process of the assault, and how messages from their sociocultural environment affected their relationship with, and perception of, their bodies. Utilizing a social constructivist framework, the research team interviewed eleven (n = 11) participants from a variety of backgrounds who were gender assigned female at birth and had survived childhood sexual assault (CSA). Four major themes emerged from the narratives collected. These include sociocultural impacts which included four subthemes: family relationships, peer relationships, societal and environmental influences, and cultural and ethnic influences; meaning making of the critical event, i.e., childhood sexual assault; self-perception of their bodies; internal processes that have shaped their perceptions and meaning making, i.e., thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Findings indicate major influence of sociocultural factors in shaping participant's internal processes as survivors of CSA, meaning making, and subsequently self-perceptions of, and relationship with, their bodies. We discuss CSA and body image keeping the intersectionality of the individual, their experiences, and the impact of sociocultural contexts on that intersectionality.

Exploring Factors Influencing Cervical Cancer Prevention Behaviors: Unveiling Perspectives of Conservative Muslim American Women in Virginia.

Understanding the complexities surrounding cervical cancer prevention methods and hesitancy among conservative Muslim American women is crucial in addressing health disparities. This qualitative study aimed to delve into the religious, behavioral, and socio-cultural factors influencing Muslim women's decisions regarding cervical cancer screening (CC-S) and HPV vaccination (HPV-V) in Virginia, USA. Through interviews with 10 Muslim women residing in Virginia, qualitative data were collected as part of a mixed-method cross-sectional study conducted between August and September 2021. Findings revealed that participants had limited knowledge about cervical cancer, CC-S, and HPV-V, with notable themes emerging, such as cultural influences, misconceptions, language barriers, and challenges posed by the intricate US healthcare system. Future research should focus on exploring these barriers to mitigate the impact of cervical cancer within the Muslim population.

International University Students' Pre-Travel Preparation, Knowledge and Practices towards Travel Health in Thailand: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

International university students are vulnerable travellers due to their unpredictable schedules and lifestyles. As Thailand continues to see an increase in international students, evaluating their pre-travel preparation and preventive behaviours is crucial to identify areas for improvement. For this purpose, an online survey focusing on pre-travel preparation, knowledge and preventive practices related to travel health was distributed to 324 eligible international students from 14 Thai universities, with the majority being from Asia and Oceania (79.0%; n = 256). The results showed that half of the respondents (53.7%; n = 175) received professional pre-travel advice, mainly because of the mandatory health examination and vaccination requirements of the host university. The study also revealed inadequate knowledge about infectious and non-infectious health risks, with only one-third being aware that Japanese encephalitis is transmitted by mosquito bites, and less than half of the students recognising Thailand's emergency services number. Poor preventive practices were also observed, with less than half of those with new sexual partners consistently using condoms and less than half of those riding motorcycles always wearing helmets. These findings highlight the need for a new strategy to improve the standard of travel health preparation among this group of young adult travellers, particularly those from resource-limited countries.

Sociocultural and moral narratives influencing the decision to vaccinate among rheumatic disease patients: a qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Vaccination is a process that involves individual, social, and ethical aspects, beyond public governance of vaccines or vaccination as a public health concern. The aim of this study is to describe the sociocultural and moral narratives that influence the decision to vaccinate in general and to vaccinate against COVID-19 specifically, among patients at the rheumatology units of two hospitals. METHODS: Qualitative study involving individual semi-structured interviews following an interview guide. We conducted a thematic analysis using the ATLAS.ti software, with further triangulation to verify concordance and aid in the interpretation of the data from a medical anthropology framework and using a narrative ethics approach to gain insight into the participants' underlying moral values. RESULTS: We interviewed 37 patients in total, along with 3 rheumatologists. Five core themes emerged from the analysis to understand the decision to vaccinate: (1) information about vaccines and disease, (2) perceived risk-benefit of vaccination, (3) the physician-patient relationship, (4) governance of vaccination programs, (5) attitudes towards vaccines. Individual and family experiences with vaccination are diverse depending on the type of vaccine. The COVID-19 vaccine, as a new medical technology, is met with more controversy leading to hesitancy. CONCLUSIONS: The decision to vaccinate among Mexican rheumatic disease patients can sometimes involve doubt and distrust, especially for those with a lupus diagnosis, but ultimately there is acceptance in most cases. Though patients make and value autonomous decisions, there is a collective process involving sociocultural and ethical aspects. Key points • The complexity of vaccine decision-making is better identified through a narrative, qualitative approach like the one used in this study, as opposed to solely quantitative approaches • Sociocultural and moral perspectives of vaccination shape decision-making and, therefore, highlight the importance of including patients in the development of effective clinical practice guidelines as well as ethically justified public policy • Sociohistorical context and personal experiences of immunization influence vaccine decision-making much more than access to biomedical information about vaccines, showing that approaches based on the information deficit model are inadequate to fight vaccine hesitancy.

A qualitative investigation into pregnancy experiences and maternal healthcare utilisation among adolescent mothers in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Adolescent maternal healthcare utilisation is low in Nigeria, and little is understood about the pregnancy experiences and drivers of maternal healthcare utilisation among of adolescent girls. This study investigated the pregnancy experiences and maternal healthcare utilisation among adolescent mothers across Nigeria. METHODS: The study used the qualitative design. Urban and rural communities in Ondo, Imo and Katsina states were selected as research sites. Fifty-five in-depth interviews were conducted with adolescent girls who were currently pregnant or had given birth to a child recently, and nineteen in-depth interviews were conducted with older women who were either mothers or guardians of adolescent mothers. Additionally, key informant interviews were conducted with five female community leaders and six senior health workers. The interviews were transcribed, and resulting textual data were analysed via framework thematic analysis using a semantic and deductive approach, with the aid of NVivo software. RESULTS: The findings showed that the majority of unmarried participants had unintended pregnancies and stigma against pregnant adolescents was common. Social and financial support from family members, maternal support and influence, as well as healthcare preferences shaped by cultural and religious norms were the major drivers of maternal healthcare use among adolescent mothers, and the choice of their healthcare providers. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to support adolescent mothers and increase maternal healthcare utilisation among them must focus on ensuring the provision of social and financial support for adolescent mothers, and should be culturally sensitive.

[Sociocultural factors associated with the decompensation of arterial hypertension : Case of 84 patients from the Regional Hospital Center of Sokodé-Togo]. / Facteurs socioculturels associés à la décompensation de l'hypertension artérielle : cas des 84 patients du Centre Hospitalier Régional de Sokodé-Togo.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this article is to show the relationship between socio-cultural factors and the state of health of hypertension subjects followed at the Regional Hospital Center of Sokodé -Togo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: . Based on a prospective cross-sectional study carried out in 2021, with 84 hypertensive patients admitted to the Regional Hospital Center of Sokodé (Togo) during this period. Data were collected using a questionnaire and processed by SPSS software. RESULTS: .The results highlight four main socio-cultural factors related to the state of health of hypertension subjects followed at the Regional Hospital Center of Sokodé (Togo): Loneliness, conflicting relationships, ignorance of hypertension risk factors and the feeling of lack of socio-economic support. CONCLUSION: Taking socio-cultural factors into account in therapeutic responses is essential to avoid decompensation in hypertension subjects at the Regional Hospital Center of Sokodé (Togo).

Factores socioculturales que influyen en las usuarias de 50 años para la toma de Papanicolaou de un Hospital Nasca

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los factores socioculturales en usuarias de 50 años para la toma de Papanicolaou en el hospital Ricardo Cruzado Rivarola de Nasca durante el periodo Diciembre 2021 - Febrero 2022. Materiales y métodos : Realizamos un estudio observacional, analítica, y prospectivo. La población de estudio está constituida por 80 usuarias de 50 años que acuden al hospital Ricardo Cruzado Rivarola para controles de Papanicolaou al consultorio de Ginecología-Obstetricia. La muestra estuvo conformada por 67 usuarias, seleccionadas por muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Resultados: Para el primer análisis, en la regresión simple, se encontró que las mujeres con nivel de conocimientos altos tenían 153% mayor frecuencia de haberse realizado alguna vez un pap y las mujeres con nivel de conocimientos altos tenían 384% mayor frecuencia de haberse realizado alguna vez un PAP, en comparación a quienes tenían un nivel de conocimientos bajo. Luego, en la regresión múltiple se observó que las mujeres con nivel de conocimientos altos tenían 382% mayor frecuencia de haberse realizado alguna vez un PAP, en comparación a quienes tenían un nivel de conocimientos bajo. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento sobre el PAP influye de una manera relevante al haberse realizado un PAP; pero además las mujeres que tuvieron mayor educación fueron las que tuvieron mayor frecuencia de haberlo realizado. Esto sumado a la cantidad de hijos; posiblemente porque en los círculos de mujeres con hijos uno de los temas a tratar es sobre la salud materna y dentro ellos el PAP.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the sociocultural factors in 50-year-old users for pap smears at the Ricardo Cruzado Rivarola de Nasca Hospital during the period December 2021 - February 2022. Material and methods: Observational, analytical, and prospective study. The study population is made up of 80 50-year-old users who attend the Ricardo Cruzado Rivarola Hospital for PAP tests at the gynecology-obstetrics office and the sample is 67 users, selected by non-probabilistic sampling for convenience. Results: For the first analysis, in simple and multiple regression, it was found that women with high levels of knowledge had a 384% and 382% higher frequency of having ever undergone a PAP test compared to those with low levels of knowledge. Conclusions: The level of knowledge about the PAP has a relevant influence on having carried out a PAP; but also the women who had a high level were the ones who had the highest frequency of having done it. This added to the number of children; possibly because in the circles of women with children one of the topics to be discussed is about maternal health and within them the PAP.

Negative affect and loss-of-control eating in relation to adiposity among non-Hispanic youth identifying as black or white.

Negative affect and loss-of-control (LOC)-eating are consistently linked and prevalent among youth identifying as non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW), particularly those with high weight. Given health disparities in high weight and associated cardiometabolic health concerns among NHB youth, elucidating how the association of negative affect with adiposity may vary by racial/ethnic group, and whether that relationship is impacted by LOC-eating, is warranted. Social inequities and related stressors are associated with negative affect among NHB youth, which may place this group at increased risk for excess weight gain. Across multiple aggregated protocols, 651 youth (13.0 ± 2.7 y; 65.9 % girls, 40.7 % NHB; 1.0 ± 1.1 BMIz; 37.6 % LOC-eating) self-reported trait anxiety and depressive symptoms as facets of negative affect. LOC-eating was assessed by interview and adiposity was measured objectively. Cross-sectional moderated mediation models predicted adiposity from ethno-racial identification (NHB, NHW) through the pathway of anxiety or depressive symptoms and examined whether LOC-eating influenced the strength of the pathway, adjusting for SES, age, height, and sex. The association between ethno-racial identity and adiposity was partially mediated by both anxiety (95 % CI = [0.01, 0.05]) and depressive symptoms (95 % CI = [0.02, 0.08]), but the mediation was not moderated by LOC-eating for either anxiety (95 % CI = [-0.04, 0.003]) or depressive symptoms (95 % CI = [-0.07, 0.03]). Mechanisms underlying the link between negative affect and adiposity among NHB youth, such as stress from discrimination and stress-related inflammation, should be explored. These data highlight the need to study impacts of social inequities on psychosocial and health outcomes.

Mendelian randomisation study of body composition and depression in people of East Asian ancestry highlights potential setting-specific causality.

BACKGROUND: Extensive evidence links higher body mass index (BMI) to higher odds of depression in people of European ancestry. However, our understanding of the relationship across different settings and ancestries is limited. Here, we test the relationship between body composition and depression in people of East Asian ancestry. METHODS: Multiple Mendelian randomisation (MR) methods were used to test the relationship between (a) BMI and (b) waist-hip ratio (WHR) with depression. Firstly, we performed two-sample MR using genetic summary statistics from a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of depression (with 15,771 cases and 178,777 controls) in people of East Asian ancestry. We selected 838 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) correlated with BMI and 263 SNPs correlated with WHR as genetic instrumental variables to estimate the causal effect of BMI and WHR on depression using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. We repeated these analyses stratifying by home location status: China versus UK or USA. Secondly, we performed one-sample MR in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) in 100,377 participants. This allowed us to test the relationship separately in (a) males and females and (b) urban and rural dwellers. We also examined (c) the linearity of the BMI-depression relationship. RESULTS: Both MR analyses provided evidence that higher BMI was associated with lower odds of depression. For example, a genetically-instrumented 1-SD higher BMI in the CKB was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms [OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.95]. There was evidence of differences according to place of residence. Using the IVW method, higher BMI was associated with lower odds of depression in people of East Asian ancestry living in China but there was no evidence for an association in people of East Asian ancestry living in the USA or UK. Furthermore, higher genetic BMI was associated with differential effects in urban and rural dwellers within China. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first MR evidence for an inverse relationship between BMI and depression in people of East Asian ancestry. This contrasts with previous findings in European populations and therefore the public health response to obesity and depression is likely to need to differ based on sociocultural factors for example, ancestry and place of residence. This highlights the importance of setting-specific causality when using genetic causal inference approaches and data from diverse populations to test hypotheses. This is especially important when the relationship tested is not purely biological and may involve sociocultural factors.