ABSTRACT
Introdução: A prática alimentar infantil é determinada não apenas pelas necessidades biológicas e de desenvolvimento, mas também por fatores psicoafetivos, socioeconômicos e culturais, ainda pouco documentados em nosso país. Objetivo: Compreender os aspectos socioculturais e parentais que influenciam as práticas alimentares de lactentes. Método: Trata-se de estudo qualitativo conduzido por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com mães em duas cidades do Rio de Janeiro entre os meses de novembro e dezembro de 2017. A escolha pela técnica objetivou conhecer as reflexões individuais das mães sobre a realidade que vivenciam. Foram realizadas entrevistas até que se alcançasse o ponto de saturação necessário à identificação de sentidos recorrentes. Foi conduzida Análise de Conteúdo Temática do material empírico com apoio do software QRS Nvivo. A interpretação do material empírico foi baseada nos referenciais teórico-metodológicos de Senso Comum, Cultura Alimentar, Sentidos e Autonomia. Resultados: Foram identificadas as seguintes categorias: Cultura alimentar, Influência das relações sociais, Atributos dos alimentos ultraprocessados e Aspectos parentais. No presente estudo, dentre os aspectos socioculturais que emergiram na fala das mães, estavam a classificação dos alimentos, a influência de atores sociais e os atributos dos alimentos ultraprocessados. Quanto às práticas parentais, destacaram-se comportamentos parentais em contextos específicos e aqueles inerentes à criança. Conclusões: Tais aspectos influenciam as escolhas alimentares, devendo ser reconhecidos e compreendidos pelos profissionais de saúde de forma a potencializar seu papel promotor da alimentação saudável no aconselhamento às famílias. (AU)
Introduction: Infant feeding practices are determined not only by biological and developmental needs, by also by psycho-affective, socioeconomic, and cultural factors, which have received limited research in Brazil. Objective: Understand the sociocultural and parental aspects that influence infant feeding practices. Method: This is a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with mothers in two cities in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in November and December 2017. The choice of this technique aimed to elucidate the mothers´ own reflections on their infant feeding practices. Interviews were conducted until reaching the necessary saturation point for identification of recurrent meanings. Thematic content analysis was performed with the empirical material, using the QRS Nvivo software. Interpretation of the empirical material was based on the theoretical-methodological references of common sense, food culture, meanings, and autonomy. Results: The following categories were identified: food culture, influence of social relations, attributes of ultra-processed foods, and parental aspects. In the current study, the sociocultural aspects that emerged from the mothers´ discourse included classification of foods, influence of social actors, and attributes of ultra-processed foods. The parental practices featured parenting behaviors in specific contexts and those inherent to the child. Conclusions: Such aspects influenced food choices and should be acknowledged and understood by healthcare workers in order to empower their role in the promotion of healthy feeding and family counseling. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Cultural Factors , Infant Nutrition , Feeding Behavior , Social Factors , Mothers , Brazil , Qualitative Research , Food, ProcessedABSTRACT
Eating disorder is a kind of complex multifactorial disease. Although the etiology of the disease is still not fully expounded, it is certain that its etiology is closely related to biological, psychological and sociocultural factors. It is helpful to make early predictions and interventions for patients with eating disorders by learning through the studies of risk factors for eating disorder, which is also meaningful to provide more guidance and evidence for clinical work. Guided by recent studies, this review summarizes recent findings and clarifies the latest identified risk factors for eating disorders in the main areas of biology, psychology, and sociocultural environment.
ABSTRACT
Eating disorder is a kind of complex multifactorial disease. Although the etiology of the disease is still not fully expounded, it is certain that its etiology is closely related to biological, psychological and sociocultural factors. It is helpful to make early predictions and interventions for patients with eating disorders by learning through the studies of risk factors for eating disorder, which is also meaningful to provide more guidance and evidence for clinical work. Guided by recent studies, this review summarizes recent findings and clarifies the latest identified risk factors for eating disorders in the main areas of biology, psychology, and sociocultural environment.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO Este artigo relata pesquisa de natureza qualitativa que objetivou analisar o Itinerário Terapêutico (IT) de 21 pacientes cadastrados no Serviço de Assistência de Alta Complexidade ao Indivíduo com Obesidade do Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná. Utilizou-se a entrevista em profundidade para a obtenção dos dados e, para sua organização e análise, adotou-se o referencial de Kleinman (1978), que defende a interferência dos subsistemas familiar, popular e profissional no IT percorrido pelas pessoas na busca de solução para problemas de saúde. No subsistema familiar, observou-se apoio da família e amigos na procura por tratamento clínico para a obesidade. Poucos pacientes aderiram a tratamentos alternativos, próprio do subsistema popular. A intervenção e orientação de profissionais da saúde, característica do subsistema profissional, mostrou-se decisiva na procura por tratamento especializado para a obesidade. O estudo do IT dos sujeitos da pesquisa revelou maior influência do núcleo familiar e profissional do que propriamente do núcleo popular. O referencial de Kleinman apresentou limites para a análise do IT de indivíduos obesos, não incluindo elementos importantes na abordagem do problema da obesidade.
ABSTRACT This paper reports a qualitative research that aimed to analyze the Therapeutic Itinerary (TI) of 21 patients enrolled in a High Complexity Assistance Service for Individuals with Obesity provided by the University Hospital of the West of Paraná. In-depth interview was (State) applied as a means of data collection and, for data organization and analysis, it was adopted Kleinman's (1978) referential, which advocates the interference of subsystems family, popular and professional in the TI path of those that seek to solve their health problems. In family subsystem, the support of family and friends in the search for obesity clinical treatment was observed. Few patients adhered to alternative treatments, characteristic of the popular subsystem itself. Intervention and orientation of health professionals, inherent of the professional subsystem, proved to be crucial in the search for obesity specialized treatment. The TI study of the research subjects revealed that the family and professional core influence is stronger than the popular one. Kleinman's referential is limited as for the TI analysis of obese individuals, because it does not comprise important elements towards the obesity problem approach.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Health literacy is a determinant of health, but disparities in health literacy persist. This study examined the influence of ecological factors on college students' health literacy. PARTICIPANTS: During January 2016 a nonrandom sample of black undergraduate students (n = 298) aged 18-24 were recruited from enrollment lists at two urban universities in the Southeastern United States. METHODS: Information on health literacy as well as numerous intrapersonal, social, and cultural-environment factors was obtained using an electronic questionnaire and then statistically modeled. RESULTS: Ecological factors accounted for 28.7% of the variance in health literacy. In particular, reappraisal (B = 0.323, p < .001), suppression (B = -0.289, p < .001), campus health education (B = 0.192, p < .05), campus tobacco culture (B = -0.174, p < .05), and perceived norms (B = -0.153, p < .05) directly predicted health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: Although intrapersonal factors influence health literacy, the sociocultural environment of college can also foster or hinder college students' health literacy.
Subject(s)
Black or African American/psychology , Health Education/methods , Health Literacy , Health Promotion/methods , Students/psychology , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Southeastern United States , Surveys and Questionnaires , Universities , Young AdultABSTRACT
Resumen Antecedentes: en Venezuela, la práctica de la lactancia materna entre las adolescentes ha derivado en pautas inadecuadas, originando un destete precoz. Es importante estudiar este fenómeno desde una orientación pluridimensional, puesto que el análisis de los procesos socioculturales sirve para dilucidar estas pautas y poder preservar una práctica alimentaria fundamental. Objetivo: identificar las prácticas socioculturales asociadas al destete precoz en un grupo de madres adolescentes venezolanas desde la dimensión subjetiva de las representaciones mentales. Materiales y métodos: se diseñó un estudio cualitativo, haciendo uso de la teoría fundamentada para crear una teoría sustantiva. Fueron entrevistadas en profundidad 13 madres adolescentes con el apoyo de la observación participante. Resultados: las representaciones y prácticas socioculturales se expresaron a través de tres principales vinculaciones que reproducen la pauta de abandono de la lactancia. La conformación identitaria de la adolescente en torno a la lactancia estuvo relacionada con la aprehensión de lo que constituye para los otros la maternidad. Se evidenció una discrepancia entre lo dicho a nivel de discurso y la puesta en práctica de estos saberes. Los médicos y familiares desempeñaron una función influyente al sugerir la introducción de fórmulas lácteas a partir del primer mes. Conclusiones: el amamantamiento es un acto aprendido que requiere del apoyo familiar para que sea una práctica efectiva. El abandono de la lactancia es un fenómeno que se vincula con la percepción que tiene la adolescente sobre sí misma y cómo construye una identidad.
Abstract Background: In Venezuela, the practice of breastfeeding among adolescent mothers has been based on inadequate guidelines which has resulted in early weaning. It is important to study this phenomenon from a multi-dimensional orientation, as the analysis of the sociocultural processes serves to clarify these guidelines and may help preserve a fundamental feeding practice. Objective: To understand the sociocultural practices associated with early weaning among a group of Venezuelan adolescent mothers from the subjective dimension of mental representations. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study is designed, using Grounded Theory to create a substantive theory. Additionally, participant observation and in-depth interviews were performed with 13 adolescent mothers. Results: Representations and sociocultural practices expressed themselves through three main linkages that highlight the pattern of abandonment of breastfeeding. First, the identity reconfiguration of the adolescent concerning breastfeeding was closely related to the apprehension of what maternity constitutes for others. Second, a discrepancy emerged between what is mentioned at the level of discourse and the putting in practice of this knowledge. Finally, the doctors and relatives played an influential role by suggesting the introduction of milk formulas from the first month of age. Conclusions: Breastfeeding is an acquired knowledge that requires the support from the family so it can be a successful event. The abandonment of breastfeeding is a phenomenon related with the perception the adolescent has about herself and how an identity is constructed.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This ethnography was conducted to describe the meaning of illness of the elderly in traditional folk healing performance. METHOD: This study was guided by Klienman's explanatory model of health care systems. The fieldwork was conducted in an agricultural clan of Namwon City from January of 1990 to Feburary of 2001. Research data were collected by Ehnographic interview and participant observation. Participants of this study were 10 elders aged 74 years old to 96 years old; two of them were male. The data were analysed with the techniques of taxanomy, flow and decision, and proxemics. RESULT: The meaning of illness was categorized with four compononts, that is, ritual for life, defeat and failure in power game, humiliating punishment for guilt, and Tal. CONCULSION: These meanings were constructed on physical and socio-cultural environment of this clan. The healing strategies were determined based on the meanings of illness. These results can be used to understand the health behavior of the elderly and thus ensure the quality of nursing for the elderly.
