Modeling construction and demolition waste quantities in Tanta City, Egypt: a synergistic approach of remote sensing, geographic information system, and hybrid fuzzy neural networks.

A waste management strategy needs accurate data on the generation rates of construction and demolition waste (CDW). The objective of this study is to provide a robust methodology for predicting CDW generation in Tanta City, one of the largest and most civilized cities in Egypt, based on socioeconomic and waste generation statistics from 1965 to 2021. The main contribution of this research involves the fusion of remote sensing and geographic information systems to construct a geographical database, which is employed using machine learning for modeling and predicting the quantities of generated waste. The land use/land cover map is determined by integrating topographic maps and remotely sensed data to extract the built-up, vacant, and agricultural areas. The application of a self-organizing fuzzy neural network (SOFNN) based on an adaptive quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm and a hierarchical pruning scheme is introduced to predict the waste quantities. The performance of the proposed models is compared against that of the FNN with error backpropagation and the group method of data handling using five evaluation measures. The results of the proposed models are satisfactory, with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), determination coefficient, Kling-Gupta efficiency, and index of agreement ranging between 0.70 and 1.56%, 0.01 and 0.03, 0.99 and 1.00, 0.99, and 1.00. Compared to other models, the proposed models reduce the MAPE and NRMSE by more than 92.90% and 90.64% based on fivefold cross-validation. The research findings are beneficial for utilizing limited data in developing effective strategies for quantifying waste generation. The simulation outcomes can be applied to monitor the urban metabolism, measure carbon emissions from the generated waste, develop waste management facilities, and build a circular economy in the study area.

Results of the Protocolization of a Telepharmacy Program: Patient Selection and Dispensation Interruption Criteria.

Objective: To analyze the impact of applying criteria for patient selection and interruption of dispensation in a telepharmacy program. Secondary objective: to conduct a socioeconomic analysis of requests for telepharmacy after applying the criteria. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. We applied the criteria from September 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 and reviewed the impact of their application by comparing the prior period (October 14, 2020-August 31, 2021) with the period when the criteria were applied. We analyzed the evolution of applications over time, the number of users, the evolution over time of rejected applications, and the associated reasons. Finally, we studied how the average income and distance to hospital are related to the number of requests. This study was reviewed by the authors' institutional ethics committee and was considered exempted from further review. Results: We applied the criteria to 2,379 patients. Dispensations by telepharmacy increased progressively. We provided telepharmacy services to 41.7% of all outpatients and rejected 962 applications (65% after the criteria were applied). The main pre- and postcriteria reasons for rejecting applications were refusal without express reason and the patient having sufficient medication, respectively. All patients corrected the situation that caused rejection. Telepharmacy requests and distance to hospital were not related, although the number of requests and average income were related. Conclusions: We provided pharmaceutical care with this protocol and encouraged patients to correct the reasons for interrupted dispensations. The new criteria render telepharmacy available to all patients, regardless of where they live or their purchasing power. Lower-income individuals use telepharmacy more often.

Spatiotemporal land use and cover changes across agroecologies and slope gradients using geospatial technologies in Zoa watershed, Southwest Ethiopia.

Environmental phenomena are always changing elsewhere in various scales depending on both natural phenomenon and human interference. Land use/over change (LULC) is related to site specific factors such as inappropriate land use planning and the expansion of traditional agricultural practices in steep gradients have led to soil erosion and consequent ecological changes. Thus, it is crucial to determine the trend, pattern, and drivers of land use/land cover dynamics for sustainable natural resource management in Ethiopia. Therefore, we evaluated the spatio-temporal LULC dynamics in different agroeclogies and slope gradients, and their drivers between 1985 and 2021 in the Zoa watershed of Omo-Gibe basin, Southwest Ethiopia. Landsat imageries, focus group discussants, key informants, and field observations were used as source of data to analyze the spatio-temporal LULC trajectories and their drivers. With total accuracies ranging from 87.55% to 91.14%, supervised image classification using the Maximum Likelihood classifier technique was used to categorize five key LULC classes: bareland, farmland, forestland, grassland, and shrubland. The results revealed that shrubland (41.87%) had the largest share in 1985, but later declined to 23.98% in 2000, and 12.6% in 2021. Grassland has declined as well, from 17.15% in 1985 to 2.09% in 2021. In contrast, farmland increased at the fastest rate, from 29.09% in 1985 to 71.12% in 2021. The proportion of farmland exhibited an increasing trend in all agro-ecologies, while forestland has increased only in highland agro-ecologies. Between 1985 and 2021, an extensive area of shrubland and grassland were converted into farmland with a conversation rate of 1.05% and 0.58% per annum, respectively. The expansion of farmland was observed towards moderately and steep rolling slopes which might exacerbate soil degradation. This is due to rapid population increase and ongoing demand for agricultural land. The result of key informant interviews and focus group discussions also revealed that expansion of farmland and settlement are the major drivers of LULC dynamics due to rapid human population growth. Therefore, the regional government and various stakeholders should work on redesigning effective management strategies through appropriate land use planning to address the adverse effects of LULC dynamics.

Prognosis in functional and recognised pathophysiological neurological disorders - a shared basis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare self-reported outcomes, clinical trajectory and utility of baseline questionnaire responses in predicting prognosis in functional and recognised pathophysiological neurological disorders. METHODS: Baseline data on 2581 patients included health-related quality of life, psychological and physical symptoms, illness perceptions, consultation satisfaction and demographics. The prospective cohort included neurology outpatients classified with a functional (reporting symptoms 'not at all' or 'somewhat explained' by 'organic disease'; n = 716) or recognised pathophysiological disorder ('largely' or 'completely explained'; n = 1865). Logistic regression and deep neural network models were used to predict self-reported global clinical improvement (CGI) at 12-months. RESULTS: Patients with functional and recognised pathophysiological disorders reported near identical outcomes at 12-months with 67% and 66% respectively reporting unchanged or worse CGI. In multivariable modelling 'negative expectation of recovery' and 'disagreement with psychological attribution' predicted same or worse outcome in both groups. Receipt of disability-related state benefit predicted same or worse CGI outcome in the functional disorder group only (OR = 2.28 (95%-CI: 1.36-3.84) in a group-stratified model) and was not related to a measure of economic deprivation. Deep neural network models trained on all 92 baseline features predicted poor outcome with area under the receiver-operator curve of 0.67 in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Those with functional and recognised pathophysiological neurological disorder share similar outcomes, clinical trajectories, and poor prognostic markers in multivariable models. Prediction of outcome at a patient level was not possible using the baseline data in this study.

The Role of Societal Aspects in the Formation of Official COVID-19 Reports: A Data-Driven Analysis.

This paper investigates the role of socioeconomic considerations in the formation of official COVID-19 reports. To this end, we employ a dataset that contains 1159 pre-processed indicators from the World Bank Group GovData360 and TCdata360 platforms and an additional 8 COVID-19 variables generated based on reports from 138 countries. During the analysis, a rank-correlation-based complex method is used to identify the time- and space-varying relations between pandemic variables and the main topics of World Bank Group platforms. The results not only draw attention to the importance of factors such as air traffic, tourism, and corruption in report formation but also support further discipline-specific research by mapping and monitoring a wide range of such relationships. To this end, a source code written in R language is attached that allows for the customization of the analysis and provides up-to-date results.

A district-level susceptibility and vulnerability assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic's footprint in India.

In this study, we trace the COVID-19 pandemic's footprint across India's districts. We identify its primary epicentres and the outbreak's imprint in India's hinterlands in four separate time-steps, signifying the different lockdown stages. We also identify hotspots and predict areas where the pandemic may spread next. Significant clusters in the country's western and northern parts pose risk, along with the threat of rising numbers in the east. We also perform epidemiological and socioeconomic susceptibility and vulnerability analyses, identifying resident populations that may be physiologically weaker, leading to a high incidence of cases and pinpoint regions that may report high fatalities due to ambient poor demographic and health-related factors. Districts with a high share of urban population and high population density face elevated COVID-19 risks. Aspirational districts have a higher magnitude of transmission and fatality. Discerning such locations can allow targeted resource allocation to combat the pandemic's next phase in India.

Região Norte do Brasil e a pandemia de COVID-19: análise socioeconômica e epidemiológica / North region of Brazil and the COVID-19 pandemic: socioeconomic and epidemiologic analysis / Región Norte de Brasil y la pandemia de COVID-19: análisis socioeconómico y epidemiológico

Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico das doenças respiratórias e os indicadores socioeconômicos e de assistência em saúde da região Norte do Brasil durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudo epidemiológico, de caráter descritivo e quantitativo, em relação ao período de janeiro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2020. Os dados foram coletados no DATASUS e no boletim epidemiológico sobre a COVID-19 do Ministério da Saúde. Os resultados foram dispostos em números absolutos, frequência relativa e medidas de tendência central. Resultados: no período houve 1.163.303 internações, consumindo 891.494.215,40 reais. Pará e Amazonas somam 66% desses gastos. Os meses de abril, maio e junho apresentaram médias maiores de hospitalizações durante todos os anos. A faixa etária mais onerosa foi entre 60 e 69 anos. A região Norte é menos provida de médicos, leitos de UTI e respiradores. Amazonas, Amapá e Roraima têm os maiores coeficientes de incidência de COVID-19 por 1.000.000 de habitantes. Conclusão: a pandemia aumenta a vulnerabilidade socioeconômica e assistencial do sistema de saúde do Norte brasileiro, com sobrecarga e número de óbitos crescente. Portanto, há necessidade urgente de realocar recursos e reorganizar a rede de atenção à saúde.

Objective: to analyze the epidemiological profile of respiratory diseases and the socioeconomic and health care indicators of northern Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: epidemiological study, of a descriptive and quantitative character, in relation to the period from January 2010 to February 2020. Data were collected in DATASUS and in the epidemiological bulletin on COVID-19 of the Ministry of Health. The results were displayed in absolute numbers, relative frequency and measures of central tendency. Results: in the period there were 1,163,303 hospitalizations, consuming 891,494,215.40 reais. Pará and Amazonas account for 66% of these expenses. The months of April, May and June showed higher averages of hospitalizations during all years. The most expensive age group was between 60 and 69 years. The northern region is less equipped with doctors, ICU beds and respirators. Amazonas, Amapá and Roraima have the highest incidence coefficients of COVID-19 per 1,000,000 inhabitants. Conclusion: the pandemic increases the socioeconomic and assistance vulnerability of the health system in northern Brazil, with an overload and an increasing number of deaths. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reallocate resources and reorganize the health care network.

Objetivo: analizar el perfil epidemiológi co de las enfermedades respiratorias y los indicadores socioeconómicos y de salud del Norte de Brasil durante la pandemia COVID- 19. Método: estudio epidemiológico, de carácter descriptivo y cuantitativo, en relación con el período comprendido entre enero de 2010 y febrero de 2020. Los datos se recopilaron en DATASUS y en el boletín epidemiológico sobre COVID-19 del Ministerio de Salud. Los resultados se mostraron en números absolutos. frecuencia relativa y medidas de tendencia central. Resultados: en el período hubo 1.163.303 hospitalizaciones, que consumieron 891.494.215,40 reales. Pará y Amazonas representan el 66% de estos gastos. Los meses de abril, mayo y junio mostraron promedios más altos de hospitalizaciones durante todos los años. El grupo de edad más caro fue entre 60 y 69 años. La región Norte está menos equipada con médicos, camas de UCI y respiradores. Amazonas, Amapá y Roraima tienen las tasas más altas de incidencia de COVID-19 por cada 1,000,000 de habitantes. Conclusión: la pandemia aumenta la vulnerabilidad socioeconómica y asistencial del sistema de salud en el Norte de Brasil, con una sobrecarga y un número creciente de muertes. Por lo tanto, existe una necesidad urgente de reasignar recursos y reorganizar la red de atención médica.

Needlestick injuries: a density-equalizing mapping and socioeconomic analysis of the global research.

BACKGROUND: Needlestick injuries have caused a deleterious effect on the physical and mental health of millions of health-care workers over the past decades, being responsible for occupational infections with viruses such as HIV or hepatis C. Despite this heavy burden of disease, no concise studies have been published on the global research landscape so far. METHODS: We used the New Quality and Quantity Indices in Science platform to analyze global NSI research (n = 2987 articles) over the past 115 years using the Web of Science and parameters such as global versus country-specific research activities, semi-qualitative issues, and socioeconomic figures. RESULTS: Density-equalizing mapping showed that although a total of n = 106 countries participated in NSI research, large parts of Africa and South America were almost invisible regarding global participation in NSI research. Average citation rate (cr) analysis indicated a high rate for Switzerland (cr = 25.1), Italy (cr = 23.5), and Japan (cr = 19.2). Socioeconomic analysis revealed that the UK had the highest quotient QGDP of 0.13 NSI-specific publications per bill. US-$ gross domestic product (GDP), followed by South Africa (QGDP = 0.12). Temporal analysis of HIV versus hepatitis research indicated that NSI-HIV research culminated in the early 1990s, whereas NSI-hepatitis research increased over the observed period from the 1980s until the last decade. CONCLUSION: Albeit NSI research activity is generally increasing, the growth is asymmetrical from a global viewpoint. International strategies should be followed that put a focus on NSI in non-industrialized areas of the world.

Analysis of patients who decline treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: National perspective.

BACKGROUND: To analyze demographic and socioeconomic factors that influence patients' decisions to decline treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: Retrospective cohort analysis utilizing the National Cancer Data Base of patients with oral cavity/oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and laryngeal SCC. RESULTS: A total of 166 204 patients were included, of which 689 patients declined all treatment. Among early-stage (I-II) patients, Charlson/Deyo score ≥ 3, hypopharyngeal cancer, and no insurance or Medicare were more likely to decline all recommended treatment (P < .05). Among advanced stage (III-IV) patients, females (odds ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.53; P = .013), Charlson Deyo score ≥ 1, non-oral cavity cancers, and closer distance between patient's area of residence from treating facility were more likely to decline all treatment (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Female patients and patients with no insurance, Medicare, or Medicaid are more likely to decline recommended treatment for SCC of the head and neck. Educational status is not predictive of declining treatment.

Factores asociados al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva en una ciudad de Perú / Factors Associated with Excusive Breastfeeding Abandonment in a Peruvian City

Introducción: El abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva representa un problema de salud pública que afecta el desarrollo del niño durante los seis primeros meses de vida. Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva en una ciudad de Perú. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, que estuvo constituido por 177 mujeres que acudieron al consultorio de crecimiento y desarrollo de los hospitales "Víctor Ramos Guardia y "EsSalud II" de la ciudad de Huaraz (Perú) durante los meses de julio a diciembre del 2018. Se utilizó la entrevista personal para recolectar los factores socioeconómicos, culturales y biológicos relacionados al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva. El programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versión 25 se utilizó para el análisis de datos. La prueba Chi Cuadrado se usó para evaluar la estadística inferencial. Resultados: De los factores evaluados, solo el biológico se relacionó significativamente al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva. El 61,36 por ciento fueron hombres; 55,45 por ciento recibieron lactancia en la primera hora de vida; 38,64 por ciento no tuvieron leche materna; 52,27 por ciento tuvieron buena experiencia con la lactancia materna; 65,91 por ciento consideraron conveniente brindar fórmula láctea; 84,09 por ciento y 97,73 por ciento de niños menores de seis meses estuvieron recibiendo solo lactancia materna y comenzaron a brindar formula láctea; y 52,27 por ciento consideró como motivo de abandono cuando el bebé tenía hambre. Conclusiones: Los factores socioeconómico y cultural no se relacionaron al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva, mientras que el factor biológico sí se relaciona significativamente(AU)

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding abandonment represents a public health concern that affects child development during the first six months of life. Objective: To identify the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding abandonment in a Peruvian city. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study including 177 women who attended the growth and development clinic of Víctor Ramos Guardia and EsSalud II hospitals in Huaraz City (Peru) during the months from July to December 2018. We used the personal interview to collect the socioeconomic, cultural and biological factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding abandonment. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 25) was used for the data analysis. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the inferential statistics. Results: Of the evaluated factors, only the biological one was significantly related to exclusive breastfeeding abandonment. 61.36 percent were men. 55.45 percent were breast-fed in the first hour of life. 38.64 percent had no breast milk. 52.27 percent had a good experience with breastfeeding. 65.91 percent considered it convenient to provide milk formula. 84.09 percent and 97.73 percent of children younger than six months were only breastfed and began to be offered milk formula. 52.27 percent considered that the baby was hungry as reason for abandonment. Conclusions: The socioeconomic and cultural factors were not related to exclusive breastfeeding abandonment, while the biological factor was significantly related to it(AU)

Spatial pattern of mortality from breast and cervical cancer in the city of São Paulo / Padrão espacial da mortalidade por câncer de mama e colo do útero na cidade de São Paulo

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To verify the spatial pattern of mortality from breast and cervical cancer in areas of primary health care, considering socioeconomic conditions. METHODS This is an ecological study, from January 2000 to December 2016. The study area is the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil, and its 456 coverage areas of primary health units. Information on deaths of women aged 20 years or over were geocoded according to residence address. We calculated mortality rates, standardized by age, and smoothed by the local empirical Bayesian method, and grouped into three or two years to reduce the random fluctuation of the data. In addition, bivariate global and local Moran indexes were calculated to verify the existence of spatial agglomeration of standardized mortality rates with a domain of socioeconomic condition, elaborated based on the Índice Paulista de Vulnerabilidade Social (IPVS - São Paulo Index of Social Vulnerability). RESULTS The success rate of geocoding was 98.9%. Mortality from breast cancer, without stratification by time, showed a pattern with higher rates located in central regions with better socioeconomic conditions. It showed a decrease at the end of the period and a change in spatial pattern, with increased mortality in peripheral regions. On the other hand, mortality from cervical cancer remained with the highest rates in peripheral regions with worse socioeconomic conditions, despite being reduced over time. CONCLUSION The spatial pattern of mortality from the studied cancers, over time, suggests association with the best socioeconomic conditions of the municipality, either as protection (cervical) or risk (breast). This knowledge may direct resources to prevent and promote health in the territories.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS Verificar o padrão espacial da mortalidade pelos cânceres de mama e do colo do útero, em áreas da atenção primária à saúde, levando em consideração as condições socioeconômicas. MÉTODOS O estudo é ecológico, de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2016. A área de estudo é o município de São Paulo, Brasil, e suas 456 áreas de abrangência das unidades básicas de saúde. As informações sobre óbitos de mulheres com 20 anos ou mais de idade foram geocodificadas segundo endereço de residência. Foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade, padronizadas por idade, e suavizadas pelo método bayesiano empírico local, além de agrupadas em três ou dois anos para reduzir a flutuação aleatória dos dados. Além disso, foram calculados os índices de Moran global e local bivariados, para verificar a existência de aglomeração espacial das taxas de mortalidade padronizadas com um domínio de condição socioeconômica, elaborado a partir do Índice Paulista de Vulnerabilidade Social. RESULTADOS A taxa de sucesso da geocodificação foi de 98,9%. A mortalidade por câncer de mama, sem estratificação por tempo, apresentou um padrão com maiores taxas localizadas nas regiões centrais e com melhores condições socioeconômicas. Apresentou queda ao final do período e mudança de padrão espacial, com aumento da mortalidade nas regiões periféricas. Já a mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero manteve-se com as maiores taxas nas regiões periféricas e com piores condições socioeconômicas, apesar de apresentar redução ao longo do tempo. CONCLUSÃO O padrão espacial da mortalidade pelos cânceres do estudo, ao longo do tempo, sugere associação com as melhores condições socioeconômicas do município, seja como proteção (colo) ou risco (mama). Esse conhecimento pode direcionar recursos para a prevenção e a promoção da saúde nos territórios.

Socio-economic impact on women diagnosed and treated for breast cancer: a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: The increase in breast cancer survival poses a challenge for patients to be able to rejoin their professional and social life in very similar conditions to those before diagnosis. The aim of this study is to assess short- and medium-term social, economic and professional impact of BC among women diagnosed with it. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study using QLQ-C30, QLQ-BR23, and MOS-SSS instruments and a semi-structured interview in women diagnosed in years 2011, 2014, and 2016 in Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau in Barcelona (Spain). RESULTS: 175 patients were included with a mean age of 55. About 62.8% were married or coupled, 76% were living with their family unit, and 52.6% denied changes in their living situation. The mean Support Global Index was 74.7% and 78.8% before and after diagnosis, respectively. The mean global quality of life (QOL) was 67.3%, outstanding insomnia as the main symptom (X > 30%) and sexual function as the most affected dimension. At the moment of diagnosis, two-thirds of patients were working. After diagnosis, 87.5% stopped working, 39.4% were off work for 7-12 months, and only 50% returned to work. Multivariate analysis identified working as the most associated variable with a good QOL. CONCLUSIONS: QOL among women diagnosed with breast cancer is quite high and stable. Nevertheless, there are some very relevant aspects to QOL that need to be considered whilst caring for patients with BC to achieve rehabilitation as complete and comprehensive as possible.

Development and Validation of a Self-Administered Multidimensional Prognostic Index to Predict Negative Health Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Persons.

The multidimensional prognostic index (MPI) is a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA)-based tool that accurately predicts negative health outcomes in older subjects with different diseases and settings. To calculate the MPI several validated tools are assessed by health care professionals according to the CGA, whereas self-reported information by the patients is not available, but it could be of importance for the early identification of frailty. We aimed to develop and validate a self-administered MPI (SELFY-MPI) in community-dwelling subjects. For this reason, we enrolled 167 subjects (mean age = 67.3, range = 20-88 years, 51% = men). All subjects underwent a CGA-based assessment to calculate the MPI and the SELFY-MPI. The SELFY-MPI included the assessment of (1) basic and instrumental activities of daily living, (2) mobility, (3) memory, (4) nutrition, (5) comorbidity, (6) number of medications, and (7) socioeconomic situation. The Bland-Altman methodology was used to measure the agreement between MPI and SELFY-MPI. The mean MPI and SELFY-MPI values were 0.147 and 0.145, respectively. The mean difference was +0.002 ± standard deviation of 0.07. Lower and upper 95% limits of agreement were -0.135 and +0.139, respectively, with only 5 of 167 (3%) of observations outside the limits. Stratified analysis by age provided similar results for younger (≤65 years old, n = 45) and older subjects (>65 years, n = 122). The analysis of variances in subjects subdivided according to different year decades showed no differences of agreement according to age. In conclusion, the SELFY-MPI can be used as a prognostic tool in subjects of different ages.

Tendencia de los años perdidos de vida potencial por trauma en Colombia: análisis de un periodo de nueve años / Trend of lost years of potential life due to trauma in Colombia: Analysis of a nine-year period

Introducción. El trauma es reconocido como una epidemia global que varía según las regiones donde se presenta. Una parte de la carga de la enfermedad está determinada por los años perdidos de vida potencial, la cual es una estimación de amplio uso para la vigilancia en salud pública; sin embargo, existe poca información disponible en relación a esto. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la tendencia de los años perdidos de vida potencial por el trauma en un período de nueve años.Métodos. La información se obtuvo del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses en un período de nueve años (2007-2015). La población de referencia se determinó con base en las proyecciones del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, que indicaron una expectativa de vida de 75 años.Resultados. En el 2015, a las lesiones por traumatismos en Colombia les correspondieron 1.920,7 años perdidos de vida potencial por cada 100.000 personas. Durante el período de estudio, las principales causas fueron los homicidios (rango, 51 a 68 %) y los accidentes de tránsito (rango, 19 a 28 %); la relación entre hombres y mujeres fue de 7:1, y la tendencia estadística fue hacia la disminución de los años perdidos de vida potencial.Conclusiones. Los homicidios siguen aportando el mayor número de lesiones por trauma y años perdidos de vida potencial. Los hombres jóvenes continuaron siendo la población mayormente afectada. Se conceptúa la necesidad de incrementar los esfuerzos para mejorar la vigilancia en salud pública y ahondar en las intervenciones oportunas relacionadas con el trauma (AU)

Introduction: Trauma is a worldwide leading cause of external injuries that varies according to the regions. In 2015, trauma injuries were the third cause of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) with the 9% of the total global burden of disease. A portion of the burden of disease is determined by the Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL). In Colombia in 2015, from the total of deaths due to external cause injuries, homicides had the highest number of YPLL with a total of 495.667; traffic accidents had 236.237 YPLL and accidental deaths 90.745 YPLL. The YPLL trauma trends and baselines are important to public health surveillance but there's no consolidated description. The aim of this study is to determine trauma trends in a five-year period.Material and methods: The information was obtained from the reports of Instituto Nacional de Medicinal Le-gal y Ciencias Forenses in a nine-year period (2007-2015). The reference population was identified through the population projections from the Departmento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). YPLL calculation was compared to a 75 years life expectancy.Results: In 2015 trauma injuries in Colombia had a total of 1.920,7 YPLL per 100.000 people. Overall the study period, leading cause of YPLL was homicides (range= 51-68%) and traffic accidents (range= 19-28%), ratio male: female was 7:1 and YPLL observed had decreased. The percentage of the total decrease was 6.3%, the highest increase was observed in 2009 with a raise of 30.5%.Conclusions: Homicides are a major public health issue such as the leading cause in YPLL of trauma injuries. Despite there was no increase in sex ratio, younger males are getting more affected through the time increasing YPLL in this population group. More efforts are needed to improve public health surveillance for assessing baselines, DALYs, policies and evidence for interventions in trauma-related injuries (AU)

The uterine fibroid/myoma tumour: analysis of the global research architecture using density-equalizing mapping.

Uterine fibroids can severely impact a woman's quality of life, result in significant morbidity and are a leading indication for hysterectomy. Many aspects of the disease remain largely obscure. Despite these knowledge gaps, no detailed maps of the global fibroid research architecture have yet been generated. This study used the NewQIS approach to assess worldwide research productivity, encompassing numerous aspects of the scientific output, quality and socioeconomic features. Regression analysis indicated an increase in fibroid research activity in the investigated time periods. Global research output was dominated by leading Western countries, with the USA at the forefront, but also by East Asian countries. Socioeconomic benchmarking revealed that Taiwan had the highest fibroid research activity per GDP, with a calculated average of 279.46 fibroid-related publications per 1000 billion USD GDP. Finland was the most active country with respect to research activity per population size. Subject area analyses revealed major differences in research focuses, for example 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging' was assigned to 29.92% of South Korean and to only 10.38% of US-American publications. In conclusion, this analysis of global fibroid research activity illustrates a multitude of important features ranging from quantitative and semi-qualitative fibroid research aspects to socioeconomic benchmarking.

Polycystic ovary syndrome: analysis of the global research architecture using density equalizing mapping.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of female infertility worldwide. Although the related research output is constantly growing, no detailed global map of the scientific architecture has so far been created encompassing quantitative, qualitative, socioeconomic and gender aspects. We used the NewQIS platform to assess all PCOS-related publications indexed between 1900 and 2014 in the Web of Science, and applied density equalizing mapping projections, scientometric techniques and economic benchmarking procedures. A total of 6261 PCOS-specific publications and 703 international research collaborations were found. The USA was identified as the most active country in total and collaborative research activity. In the socioeconomic analysis, the USA was also ranked first (25.49 PCOS-related publications per gross domestic product [GDP]/capita), followed by the UK, Italy and Greece. When research activity was related to population size, Scandinavian countries and Greece were leading the field. For many highly productive countries, gender analysis revealed a high ratio of female scientists working on PCOS with the exception of Japan. In this study, we have created the first picture of global PCOS research, which largely differs from other gynaecologic conditions and indicates that most related research and collaborations originate from high-income countries.

Maternal depression research: socioeconomic analysis and density-equalizing mapping of the global research architecture.

Maternal depression can be accounted for one of the most common complications during pregnancy and the postpartum period affecting women all over the world. So far, no detailed map of the worldwide maternal depression research architecture has been constructed, which encompasses aspects of research activity, quality, and also socioeconomic features. Using the NewQIS platform, density-equalizing mapping projections, scientometric techniques, and economic benchmarking procedures were applied to evaluate global maternal depression research for the period between 1900 and 2012. In total, 7330 related publications and 3335 international collaborations were identified. The USA was the most active country concerning collaborations and total research activity. In the socioeconomic analysis of research activity in high-income countries, Australia was ranked first with an average of 412.05 maternal depression-related publications per 1000 billion US$ GDP (Q1), followed by the UK (Q1 = 373.51) and Canada (Q1 = 306.32). The group of upper-middle-income countries was led by South Africa (Q1 = 145.67), followed by Turkey (Q1 = 91.8). China authored 11.95 maternal depression-related publications per 1000 billion US$ GDP. The USA had the highest activity of maternal depression research per GDP in billion US$ per capita (Q2 = 60.86). When research activity was related to population size (Q3 = publications per Mio. inhabitants), Australia (Q3 = 26.44) was leading the field, followed by Norway (Q3 = 18.48). Gender analysis revealed a relatively high degree of female scientists involved in this field of research with pronounced differences between single subject areas. In summary, we here present the first picture of the global scientific development in maternal depression research over a period of more than 100 years. The research landscape is clearly dominated by North American and Western European countries, with only minor contribution of Asian or South American countries.

After 10 years, how do changes in asset ownership affect the Indicador Econômico Nacional? / Como as mudanças na posse de bens afetam o Indicador Econômico Nacional em 10 anos?

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Our main objective was to analyse how the evolution of household assets ownership affected the Indicador Econômico Nacional (IEN – National Wealth index) and to point out the most stable assets and which lost importance more quickly. METHODS We analysed the trend of the ownership of each IEN variable and the distribution of the households’ scores. We calculated the correlation coefficients of each variable separately with the IEN score and the household income. We also evaluated how the changes of the score distribution over time affected the validity of the published reference cut-points. We used data from consortium surveys conducted every two years from 2002 to 2014 in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. RESULTS An increase in the educational level of household heads and in the ownership of all IEN assets, except radio and telephone, was observed in the study period. In general, the correlation of the assets with the IEN scores decreased over time. There was an increase in the score, with a consequent increase in the quintiles cut-points, but the distance between these cut-points had no significant variation. Thus, the reference cut-points for Pelotas, quickly became outdated. CONCLUSIONS Some assets showed greatly reduction on its importance for the indicator, and the reference cut-points became obsolete very quickly. It is essential for a standardized wealth (or asset) index with research purposes to be updated frequently, especially the cut-points of reference distribution.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar como a evolução temporal da posse de bens domésticos afetou o Indicador Econômico Nacional e como essas mudanças afetaram o poder discriminatório do indicador. MÉTODOS Analisou-se a evolução temporal da posse de cada uma das variáveis do Indicador Econômico Nacional, bem como da distribuição do escore dos domicílios. Utilizamos dados de inquéritos populacionais realizados bienalmente no município de Pelotas, RS, de 2002 a 2014. Foi calculado o coeficiente de correlação de cada variável isoladamente com o escore do Indicador Econômico Nacional e com a renda familiar. Avaliamos também como a variação da distribuição do escore ao longo do tempo afetou a validade da utilização dos pontos de corte de referência publicados. RESULTADOS Houve aumento da escolaridade dos chefes das famílias e da posse de todos os bens, exceto rádio e linha telefônica no período. A correlação dos bens com o Indicador Econômico Nacional reduziu com o tempo. O escore aumentou, com consequente incremento nos pontos de corte dos quintis, mas a distância entre os pontos não teve variação importante. Assim, os pontos de corte de referência publicados para Pelotas rapidamente ficaram desatualizados. CONCLUSÕES Alguns bens perderam a capacidade discriminatória e os pontos de corte ficaram obsoletos rapidamente. É essencial um indicador de bens padronizado para uso em pesquisa, que seja atualizado com frequência, em especial os pontos de corte da distribuição de referência.