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1.
J Dent (Shiraz) ; 25(2): 169-177, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38962081

ABSTRACT

Statement of the Problem: The position of the chin and lips are important components in the lower third of the face and can be changed by orthodontic treatment. It seems that factors such as diversity in culture, ethnicity, and place of residence are among the factors affecting people's perception of beauty. Iran, as a vast country, contains different ethnicities and cultures, and of course, it is not exempt from this point of view. Purpose: Our purpose of conducting this study is to investigate the impact of the difference in living environment and culture on people's aesthetic perception. Orthodontists and oral surgeons can use these data to choose the best treatment plan for the patients according to their geographical zones. Material and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the perception of lips and chin position. A series of 25 profile images were prepared in 5 sets. Each set contained 5 profile images. Northern and Southern lay people and orthodontists were asked to evaluate the profile series of each set in 1 session and score them from 1 to 5: 1, very unattractive; 2, unattractive; 3, neither attractive nor unattractive; 4, attractive; or 5, very attractive. Results: 652 participants in 3 groups, including 16 orthodontists (10 men and 6 women), 318 lay people of the North of Iran (172 men and 138 women), and 318 lay people of the South of Iran (175 men and 139 women) participated in this study. Regardless of the chin position, normal lip position and slight changes of that (in both protruded and retruded positions) were more favorable for all three groups. The images with moderately retruded lips were scored as the least attractive by all three groups and orthodontist gave the lowest score to these profiles. Southern people could better tolerate moderately retruded lips than other two groups. In the fifth series, orthodontists preferred slightly and moderately protruded lips in comparison to other two groups of laypeople. Conclusion: Regardless of the chin position, normal and slightly (-2mm to +2mm) protruded and retruded lips were more favorable in all three groups. Southern people could better tolerate moderately retruded lips than the two other groups.

2.
Turk J Orthod ; 37(1): 36-43, 2024 Mar 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38556951

ABSTRACT

Objective: To compare soft tissue profile variations between Class I and Class II adult patients due to three vertical skeletal facial patterns (normodivergent, hypodivergent and hyperdivergent) and determine which skeletal variation has the most significant impact on soft tissue profile. Methods: Retrospective soft tissue profile analysis was performed on lateral cephalograms of 131 adult patients. The analysis was divided into two categories correlated with subnasal and general soft tissue profiles. The sample was divided based on two sagittal skeletal patterns (Class I and II) and three vertical groups. In addition, comparisons were made between males and females. Viewbox 4 was used for the analysis. Descriptive, comparative, and correlation statistics were performed using SPSS software. Results: Statistically significant inter-gender differences were found at the subnasal profile level, but not at the general profile level. No significant differences were observed when comparing subnasal profiles for the sagittal groups. However, significant differences were observed at the level of the general profile, especially at the level of Z-angle, lower lip, and chin prominence. In the vertical groups, hyperdivergent facial patterns had significant differences at the level of subnasal and general profiles compared with other vertical facial patterns. Conclusion: Females had more convex subnasal profiles than males. Hyperdivergent facial patterns had an impact on both general and subnasal soft tissue profiles. The sagittal dimension affected only the general soft tissue profile. Therefore, changes in the vertical dimension had the greatest impact on facial esthetics.

3.
Health Sci Rep ; 7(4): e2062, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38650727

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims: The individual's perceived beauty, sense of identity, and general well-being are all influenced by the social implications of the esthetics of their facial appearance. One of the major indicators of one's facial beauty is anthropometric proportions. This study was conducted to measure and evaluate the anthropometric proportions in a Syrian population, and to determine their desired nasal shape. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on Syrian university students. Lateral and frontal pictures of the participants were taken using Canon EOS 250D from a standard distance of 100 cm. These pictures were analyzed, then nasal measurements were adjusted according to the participants' desire using Adobe Photoshop 2020. All anthropometric measurements were conducted on AutoCAD® 2019 software before and after the adjustments. Data was analyzed using the SPSS-25 using paired samples T test to compare the means. Results: The study included 53 females and 47 males. The mean age was 22.25. The mean unadjusted nasofrontal angle, nasolabial angle, nasomental angle, nasofacial angle, nasal index, Byrd and Hobar ratio, and Powell-modified Baum ratio were 141.80, 102.18, 129.21, 34.60, 71.71, 0.62, and 3.08 in the rhinoplasty-negative participants, and 145.89, 102.03, 130.20, 32.44, 67.96, 0.64, and 3.06 in the rhinoplasty-positive participants, respectively. While the mean of the adjusted previously mentioned angles were 144.59, 106.32, 131.19, 31.15, 62.91, 0.60, and 3.19 in the rhinoplasty-negative participants, and 146.31, 102, 130.20, 31, 62.55, 0.62, and 3.08 in the rhinoplasty-positive participants, respectively. Conclusion: In contrast to other populations, our study concluded that Syrians had unique anthropometric measurements and facial esthetics preferences. Moreover, the local plastic surgeons were able to identify most of the preferred nasal measurements for rhinoplasty in this ethnic group. It is advisable to use photogrammetry before rhinoplasty to identify the preferred nasal measurements of each individual to ensure the patient's satisfaction with the outcome of the surgery. Level of Evidence: Level IV, cross-sectional study.

4.
Eur J Med Res ; 29(1): 110, 2024 Feb 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38336775

ABSTRACT

Aim of this comparative cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effect of anterior teeth retraction and related hard and soft tissue change under physiologic anchorage control in patients with chief complain of protrusive teeth. 68 Class I or II orthodontic patients undergoing four-premolar extraction and requiring maximum or medium anchorage were included. Patients were treated with physiologic anchorage control technique (PASS group, n = 34, 18.6 ± 7.7 years, 10 male and 24 female) and self-ligation technique (Damon group, n = 34, 17.5 ± 5.4 years, 13 male and 21 female), respectively. TADs were used for anchorage reinforcement in Damon group. Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms were collected. Twenty-six skeletal, dental and soft tissue items were measured and analyzed using a blinded method. T test and paired rank-sum test were used for statistical analysis. The baseline characteristics were similar between groups (P > 0.05). After treatment, inter-group comparison showed statistically significant differences in the decrease of skeletal measurements ∠ANB (- 0.73 ± 1.05° in PASS group and - 0.25 ± 0.84° in the Damon group), Wits value (- 2.56 ± 2.29 mm in PASS group and - 0.47 ± 2.15 mm in Damon group) and soft tissue measurement UL-E (- 2.75 ± 1.36 mm in PASS group and - 2.03 ± 1.30 mm in Damon group) and the increase of FCA and Z angle, which was 2.03 ± 2.12°and 9.52 ± 4.78°in PASS group and 0.97 ± 2.12°and 6.96 ± 4.43°in Damon group, respectively (P < 0.05). Our results indicated that significant anterior teeth retraction and profile improvement could be achieved with PASS technique without additional anchorage devices. Appropriate application of physiologic anchorage control could reduce the dependence of TADs for anterior teeth retraction.


Subject(s)
Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures , Tooth Movement Techniques , Humans , Male , Female , Tooth Movement Techniques/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Maxilla , Cephalometry
5.
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 41(4): 443-449, 2023 Aug 01.
Article in English, Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37474477

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of different soft-tissue morphologies on the treatment of skeletal class Ⅰ malocclusion patients by analyzing measurement data before and after treatment. METHODS: Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 55 adult female Angle class Ⅰ patients were collected in the Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University from January 2012 to December 2020. Chin soft-tissue morphologies in the lateral cranial radiographs were used to divide the patients into an abnormal chin morphology group (flat and retracted chins, n=27) and a normal chin morphology group (rounded and prominent chins, n=28). Relevant soft- and hard-tissue indexes were selected to study in-group varieties and intergroup differences in the varying chin morphologies before and after treatment. RESULTS: The chin-lip angle, mandibular chin angle, mandibular chin vertex angle, PP-MP, LL-E, UL-E, Po-Pos, and B-B' thickness in the abnormal chin morphology group were significantly higher than those in the normal chin morphology group (P<0.05). Furthermore, m∶BMe and n∶B'Mes in the abnormal chin morphology group were signi-ficantly lower than those in the normal chin morphology group (P<0.05). After treatment, the mandibular chin angle, mandibular chin vertex angle, U1-SN, L1-MP, LL-E, UL-E, SNA, SNB, and B-B' thickness of the abnormal chin morphology group significantly decreased (P<0.05), whereas the nasolabial angle, m∶BMe, n∶B' Mes, and Po-Pos significantly increased (P<0.05). In the normal chin morphology group, the U1-SN, L1-MP, LL-E, UL-E, and B-B' thicknesses decreased significantly (P<0.05), whereas the nasolabial angle significantly increased (P<0.05). Among them, m∶BMe and n∶B' Mes were positively correlated. CONCLUSIONS: Chin morphology affects the formulation of treatment plans. Compared with the normal chin morphology group, the abnormal chin morphology group required a larger retraction of incisors. Although the chin of soft-tissue morphology is related to the morphology of bones, the changes in soft tissue chin after treatment cannot be directly predicted according to the bone changes. Soft-tissue chin morphology affects the aesthetic assessment of the soft-tissue lateral profile and the change in soft tissue before and after treatment. The method of predicting the change in soft-tissue chin after treatment should consider the morphology of the soft-tissue chin.


Subject(s)
Esthetics, Dental , Lip , Adult , Humans , Female , Chin , Cephalometry/methods , Mandible
6.
J Oral Sci ; 65(2): 73-76, 2023 Mar 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36823034

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation was to determine whether the facial esthetics of subjects rated as "attractive" can be related to specific cephalometric soft tissue parameters. METHODS: The profile silhouettes of 100 subjects (45 males and 55 females) were rated by 60 esthetics specialists (20 orthodontists, 20 dentists, and 20 plastic surgeons) using a Likert scale, and 30 of the subjects were selected as being "attractive". The cephalometric measurements of the attractive group were then compared with norms for the general Caucasian population. RESULTS: The effects of specific measured parameters on profile beauty grades were assessed using the median test, and the following variables were found to show significant correlations between the Caucasian norms and the attractive profile group: the ratio of the upper to lower face height (P = 0.011), the ratio of the subnasale - labrale inferius (Sn-Li) and labrale inferius - menton (Li-Me`) lines (P = 0.011), the distance between the chin and the subnasale perpendicular (P = 0.002), upper lip thickness (P = 0.021), soft tissue chin thickness (P = 0.021), vertical height ratio (P = 0.021), and nasolabial angle (P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: A straight profile with a fuller and more protruded upper lip, a higher nasal tip, and a smaller lower facial third are considered to be the most attractive facial features, and may be useful for improvement of facial esthetics.


Subject(s)
Orthodontists , Surgeons , Male , Female , Humans , Esthetics, Dental , Face/anatomy & histology , Lip/anatomy & histology , Cephalometry
7.
Article in English | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-1007926

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the effect of different soft-tissue morphologies on the treatment of skeletal class Ⅰ malocclusion patients by analyzing measurement data before and after treatment.@*METHODS@#Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 55 adult female Angle class Ⅰ patients were collected in the Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University from January 2012 to December 2020. Chin soft-tissue morphologies in the lateral cranial radiographs were used to divide the patients into an abnormal chin morphology group (flat and retracted chins, n=27) and a normal chin morphology group (rounded and prominent chins, n=28). Relevant soft- and hard-tissue indexes were selected to study in-group varieties and intergroup differences in the varying chin morphologies before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#The chin-lip angle, mandibular chin angle, mandibular chin vertex angle, PP-MP, LL-E, UL-E, Po-Pos, and B-B' thickness in the abnormal chin morphology group were significantly higher than those in the normal chin morphology group (P<0.05). Furthermore, m∶BMe and n∶B'Mes in the abnormal chin morphology group were signi-ficantly lower than those in the normal chin morphology group (P<0.05). After treatment, the mandibular chin angle, mandibular chin vertex angle, U1-SN, L1-MP, LL-E, UL-E, SNA, SNB, and B-B' thickness of the abnormal chin morphology group significantly decreased (P<0.05), whereas the nasolabial angle, m∶BMe, n∶B' Mes, and Po-Pos significantly increased (P<0.05). In the normal chin morphology group, the U1-SN, L1-MP, LL-E, UL-E, and B-B' thicknesses decreased significantly (P<0.05), whereas the nasolabial angle significantly increased (P<0.05). Among them, m∶BMe and n∶B' Mes were positively correlated.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Chin morphology affects the formulation of treatment plans. Compared with the normal chin morphology group, the abnormal chin morphology group required a larger retraction of incisors. Although the chin of soft-tissue morphology is related to the morphology of bones, the changes in soft tissue chin after treatment cannot be directly predicted according to the bone changes. Soft-tissue chin morphology affects the aesthetic assessment of the soft-tissue lateral profile and the change in soft tissue before and after treatment. The method of predicting the change in soft-tissue chin after treatment should consider the morphology of the soft-tissue chin.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Chin , Lip , Cephalometry/methods , Esthetics, Dental , Mandible
8.
J Pers Med ; 12(7)2022 Jun 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35887559

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Traditional distraction osteogenesis (DO) with the tooth-borne rigid external device (RED) system was regularly used in treating patients with cleft-related maxillary hypoplasia. However, the bone-borne RED system with miniplates and bone screws has currently become an effective treatment. This retrospective study was to compare bone-borne RED with traditional tooth-borne RED in distraction effectiveness, blood loss, operative time, and long-term stability. METHODS: Twenty-two growing patients who underwent RED therapy were divided into two groups: eleven patients utilizing the bone-borne RED system with the transcutaneous wire attached with skeletal anchorage; another eleven patients using the traditional tooth-borne RED system with the intra-oral device attached with dental anchorage. Serial lateral cephalograms were analyzed for comparing treatment outcomes and stability in 1 month, 6 months, and 1.5 years after distraction. RESULTS: In bone-borne RED group, the maxilla was advanced by 19.98 mm with slight clockwise rotation of 0.40° and minimal palatal inclination change of incisor by -3.94°. In traditional tooth-borne RED group, the maxilla showed less advancement by 14.52 mm, with significant counter-clockwise rotation of -11.23° and excessive palatal inclination change of incisor by -10.86°. Although operative time was longer in the bone-borne RED group by 38.4 min, this did not bring about greater blood loss. CONCLUSIONS: the bone-borne RED via transcutaneous wire system provides an easy, simple, and comfortable procedure as well as favorable long-term stability in maxillary distraction.

9.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J ; 59(3): 299-306, 2022 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33813912

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term stability of LeFort I osteotomy followed by distraction osteogenesis with a transcutaneous rigid external device for the treatment of severe maxillary hypoplasia in patients with cleft lip and palate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nine patients with cleft lip and palate underwent rigid external distraction after a LeFort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement. Lateral cephalometric films were analyzed for assessment of treatment outcome and stability in 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year after distraction. RESULTS: Significant maxillary advancement was observed in the horizontal direction, with the anterior nasal spine (ANS) distance of the maxilla increasing by an average of 20.5 ± 5.1 mm after distraction. The ANS relapse rates in 6 months and 1 year were 8.7% and 12.8%, respectively. The mean inclination of upper incisors to the palatal plane was almost unchanged (before: 109.8° ± 6.6°; after: 108.9° ± 7.5°). The movement ratios at the nasal tip/ANS, soft tissue A point/A point, and the upper vermilion border/upper incisor edge were 0.36:1, 0.72:1, and 0.83:1, respectively. CONCLUSION: Considerable maxillary advancement was achieved with less change of incisors inclination after distraction. Moreover, the relapse rate after 1 year was minimal. The concave facial profile was improved as well as the facial balance and aesthetics.


Subject(s)
Cleft Lip , Cleft Palate , Osteogenesis, Distraction , Cephalometry , Child , Cleft Lip/surgery , Cleft Palate/surgery , Esthetics, Dental , Humans , Maxilla/abnormalities , Maxilla/surgery , Osteotomy, Le Fort , Recurrence , Treatment Outcome
10.
Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 26(2): 299-309, 2022 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34328575

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aims to prospect the soft and hard tissue changes after augmentation of two different local mandibular contour defects using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) patient-specific onlay implants. METHODS: Six patients with disfiguring local mandibular deformities were included in this study (five males and one female) and received seven PEEK patient-specific implants (PSI), virtually designed and surgically settled to augment seven mandibular defects, three deficient chins, and four mandibular angels. The analysis of the soft and hard tissue changes utilized the superimposition of the preoperative and the 6-month postoperative sagittal and coronal CT views, after standardizing the radiographic interpretation. RESULTS: The soft tissue gain for the chin was 6.8 mm ± 0.98 with a 45.8% increase versus 4.42 mm ± 0.41 with a 22.9% increase for the angle. The difference in the soft tissue gain between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). Comparing the soft tissue gain to the planned implant thickness, the percentage of the soft tissue gain for the chin recorded 109.2% versus 65.57% for the angle. The difference between the two groups was also statistically significant (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: PEEK patient-specific onlay implants represented an efficient and straightforward modality to augment local mandibular contour deformities with favorable esthetic outcomes; the total soft tissue profile gain of the chin region markedly exceeded that of the mandibular angle.


Subject(s)
Dental Implants , Benzophenones , Esthetics, Dental , Female , Humans , Ketones , Male , Polyethylene Glycols , Polymers
11.
J Orthod ; 49(1): 48-55, 2022 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34263691

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree to which the anteroposterior (AP) skeletal jaw relation can accurately be determined from a silhouetted clinical profile photograph and whether the level of agreement is influenced by patient vertical proportions. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: University Dental Hospital of Manchester, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: Specialist orthodontists. METHOD: Eight specialist orthodontists assessed 37 silhouetted profile photographs of individuals aged 11-19 years and determined the class and severity of AP skeletal pattern. These assessments were compared to corresponding lateral cephalometric radiographs, where ANB values, supplemented by an Eastman Correction and a Wits Appraisal, where appropriate, were used for sagittal skeletal classification. RESULTS: The agreement between silhouette and cephalometric AP determination yielded a weighted kappa score of 0.207 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.135-0.278), which indicates only a fair level of agreement. The silhouetted sagittal skeletal pattern classification, along with severity, agreed with the lateral cephalometric radiograph in 29% of instances. Class III individuals were identified correctly 19.2% of the time. There was a statistically significant difference in kappa scores between the high angle (K= 0.439; 95% CI 0.310-0.568) and low angle (K = 0.068; 95% CI 0.007-0.130) patients (P < 0.001), as well as the high and average angle (K= 0.151; 95% CI 0.031-0.270) patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: AP skeletal pattern, as determined from a lateral cephalometric radiograph, has only a fair level of agreement to that from a silhouetted profile photograph. Vertical proportions were shown to have a significant effect on the determination of the sagittal skeletal pattern and class III skeletal patterns were shown to be the most difficult to identify from profile silhouettes.


Subject(s)
Mandible , Maxilla , Adolescent , Adult , Cephalometry , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Radiography , Young Adult
12.
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 56(1): 63-69, 2021 Jan 09.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34645237

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the correlation between tooth movement and profile change in patients with class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion. Methods: Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 42 patients [10 males and 32 females, (23.8±6.3) years old, mean treatment time: 1.9 years] with class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion were collected in Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from June 2012 to November 2017. The patients were treated with extraction of four first premolars or two maxillary first premolars. Cephalometric analysis was carried out before and after treatment. Thirty parameters were measured. The changes of soft and hard tissue after orthodontic treatment and their correlations were analyzed using bivariate linear regression. Related factors affecting the upper and lower lip, nasolabial angle (NLA) and mentolabial angle (MLA) were analyzed according to the standardized regression coefficient (Beta). Results: Among all the 30 parameters, 18 parameters were statistically different before and after treatment. After treatment, upper central incisor sagittal distance [(63.87±7.14) mm] and upper lip sagittal distance [(77.73±7.60) mm] were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The changes in 14 parameters after treatment showed linear relationship including strong positive correlation between upper lip sagittal retraction and upper central incisor sagittal retraction (r=0.649, P<0.01). There were moderate positive correlations between upper lip and upper central incisor vertical movement (r=0.544, P<0.01). While the sagittal change of gnathion and the Y-axis angle showed moderate negative correlations (r=0.537, P<0.01). The stepwise multiple linear regression showed that the retraction of upper lip process was correlated with the retraction of upper central incisor, the increase of occlusal plane angle and the increase of upper central incisor angle, which was most correlated with the retraction of upper central incisor (Beta=0.79). The downward displacement of upper lip process was correlated with the downward displacement of upper incisor, the decrease of upper central incisor angle, the decrease of the distance between maxillary first molar and palatal plane, and the increase of occlusal plane angle, which was more correlated with the downward displacement of upper incisor and the increase of occlusal plane angle (Beta=0.59). The downward displacement of lower lip process was correlated with the downward displacement of upper incisor and lower incisor, which was more correlated with the upper incisor (Beta=0.36). Conclusions: The relationship among nose, lips and chin was more coordinated. Incisor retraction had significant influence on lip prominence, and the lower lip position was highly related to the movement of upper incisor in sagittal and vertical dimension after orthodontic treatment in patients with class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion. However, tooth movement had limited impact on the chin position.


Subject(s)
Malocclusion, Angle Class II , Malocclusion , Adolescent , Adult , Cephalometry , China , Female , Humans , Incisor , Lip/anatomy & histology , Male , Maxilla , Tooth Movement Techniques , Young Adult
13.
Head Face Med ; 17(1): 13, 2021 Apr 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33853633

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Orthognathic surgery can be carried out using isolated mandibular or maxillary movement and bimaxillary procedures. In cases of moderate skeletal malocclusion, camouflage treatment by premolar extraction is another treatment option. All these surgical procedures can have a different impact on the soft tissue profile. METHODS: The changes in the soft tissue profile of 187 patients (Class II: 53, Class III: 134) were investigated. The treatment approaches were differentiated as follows: Class II: mandible advancement (MnA), bimaxillary surgery (MxS/MnA), upper extraction (UpEX), or Class III: maxillary advancement (MxA), mandible setback (MnS), bimaxillary surgery (MxA/MnS), and lower extraction (LowEX) as well as the extent of skeletal deviation (moderate Wits appraisal: - 7 mm to 7 mm, pronounced: Wits <- 7 mm, > 7 mm, respectively). This resulted in five groups for Class II treatment and seven groups for Class III treatment. RESULTS: In the Class II patients, a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between UpEX and moderate MnA was found for facial profile (N'-Prn-Pog'), soft tissue profile (N'-Sn-Pog'), and mentolabial angle (Pog'-B'-Li). In the Class III patients, a statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) occurred between LowEX and moderate MxA for facial profile (N'-Prn-Pog'), soft tissue profile (N'-Sn-Pog'), upper and lower lip distacne to esthetic line (Ls/Li-E-line), and lower lip length (Sto-Gn'). Only isolated significant differences (p < 0.05) were recognized between the moderate surgical Class II and III treatments as well between the pronounced Class III surgeries. No statistical differences were noticed between moderate and pronounced orthognathic surgery. CONCLUSIONS: When surgery is required, the influence of orthognathic surgical techniques on the profile seems to be less significant. However, it must be carefully considered if orthognathic or camouflage treatment should be done in moderate malocclusions as a moderate mandibular advancement in Class II therapy will straighten the soft tissue profile much more by increasing the facial and soft tissue profile angle and reducing the mentolabial angle than camouflage treatment. In contrast, moderate maxillary advancement in Class III therapy led to a significantly more convex facial and soft tissue profile by decreasing distances of the lips to the E-Line as well as the lower lip length.


Subject(s)
Malocclusion, Angle Class III , Orthognathic Surgical Procedures , Cephalometry , Esthetics, Dental , Humans , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/diagnostic imaging , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/surgery , Mandible , Treatment Outcome
14.
J Pharm Bioallied Sci ; 13(Suppl 2): S1474-S1477, 2021 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35018013

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: It is documented that the facial profile changes, morphology changes, and continued facial growth in early adults and late adolescents. AIMS: The present trial was aimed to quantitatively assess the changes in facial growth from adolescents to adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, 16 facial distances (transverse) and craniocaudal facial distances were measured, and growth changes were assessed. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation, and the results were formulated. RESULTS: Upper face width was statistically significantly increased in males than females from posttreatment to recall with the P < 0.0001. The decrease in outer canthus was seen in females as compared to males, which was statistically significant with the P < 0.0001. An increase in mouth width was seen in both males and females with higher in females. CONCLUSION: The present study showed an increase in facial dimensions in both genders with age where transverse changes were higher than the craniocaudal alterations.

15.
Niger J Clin Pract ; 23(8): 1110-1119, 2020 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32788489

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bimaxillary protrusion is a condition wherein esthetic concerns are the main reason behind seeking orthodontic treatment. AIM: The aim of this retrospective cephalometric study was to evaluate the soft tissue profile and dental changes among female Saudi bimaxillary protrusion patients treated with extraction of all second premolars followed by retraction of the anterior teeth. Subjects and Methods: Pre and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs of adult female patients (ages 18-30 years) who underwent orthodontic therapy for Class I bimaxillary protrusion were obtained. Data were analyzed with SPSS® software. A paired t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficients were conducted with the statistical significance set at 95% (P value < 0.05). RESULTS: At posttreatment, there was an overall decrease in the mean values among the majority of the soft tissue and dental cephalometric angles and linear measurements. Among soft tissue variables, there was a marginal increase in the upper lip length by 1.49 mm (P < 0.001), and the nasolabial angle increased markedly by 7.64° (P < 0.001). Similarly, a marked increase in retroclination by 5.95° (P < 0.001) was observed among the dental variables. Conversely, no significant changes were noted in the lower incisors. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between all the different dental variables. Within the soft tissue variables, there was a significant positive correlation between changes in the upper lip protrusion, lower lip protrusion, upper lip thickness, and the distance from the upper and lower lips to the S-line.


Subject(s)
Bicuspid/surgery , Incisor , Lip , Malocclusion/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Cephalometry/statistics & numerical data , Esthetics , Female , Humans , Incisor/pathology , Lip/anatomy & histology , Lip/pathology , Male , Orthodontics, Corrective/methods , Radiography , Retrospective Studies , Tooth Extraction , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
16.
Clin Implant Dent Relat Res ; 22(3): 387-396, 2020 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32323902

ABSTRACT

AIM: Although alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) procedures appear to limit bone resorption after dental extraction, long-term outcomes remain limited. The objective of this prospective case series was to evaluate the long-term hard and soft tissue changes after ARP procedure in the aesthetic area, using deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and saddle connective tissue graft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients were subjected to ARP and impressions and CT scans were taken at baseline and 3 months. After 5 to 7 years, a secondary long-term clinical and radiological analysis was carried out. Horizontal alveolar bone changes, soft tissue profiles and implant outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: Although a limited hard and soft tissue remodeling occurred during the first 3 months after ARP, from 3 months to the long-term evaluation, the alveolar bone dimensions remained stable and the soft tissue profiles significantly increased, in the more cervical levels. The implant survival rate after 5 to 7 years yielded 100% and peri-implant bone levels and soft tissue health were good. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the study, the present data confirms the long-term effectiveness of ARP using DBBM and a saddle connective tissue graft offering stable hard and soft tissue conditions up to 5 to 7 years.


Subject(s)
Alveolar Ridge Augmentation , Tooth Socket/surgery , Alveolar Process , Animals , Cattle , Connective Tissue , Esthetics, Dental , Humans , Minerals , Prospective Studies , Tooth Extraction
17.
J Orofac Orthop ; 81(3): 192-208, 2020 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32253459

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze dental and soft tissue profile development in children with normal occlusions to establish age- and gender-specific reference intervals for German children during their active growth period. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of a sample of 31 untreated Caucasian subjects with normal occlusions. Dental casts were analyzed at four different stages of dentitional development. Extraoral profile photographs were available for 19 subjects at stages T2-T4. In these subjects 11 angular measurements and 14 indices were analyzed. Statistical comparisons of gender-specific differences were performed by Mann-Whitney U tests (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: Upper and lower posterior and total arch perimeters were recorded to be significantly larger in male subjects until the late mixed dentition. Subsequently, there was a tendency toward larger dimensions in males for those parameters. Upper and lower intercanine, interpremolar and intermolar widths were significantly larger in males throughout the entire observation period. There were no statistically significant gender differences with regard to most angular measurements in the dental arches, including molar rotation, palatal volume, overbite, overjet and molar relationship at later dental stages. CONCLUSION: In untreated subjects with normal occlusion, dental arch and soft tissue parameters can be considered age-dependent. For some dental parameters, gender-specific differences were found that should be taken into consideration during diagnosis and treatment planning of growing children. The obtained longitudinal data of untreated children provide useful information for orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and future research projects.


Subject(s)
Dental Arch , Malocclusion, Angle Class II , Cephalometry , Child , Dentition, Mixed , Humans , Male , Maxilla , Molar
18.
Acta Anatomica Sinica ; (6): 252-257, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-1015572

ABSTRACT

Objective To study the relative effects of environment and genes on the soft tissue surface plane during the mixed dentitions, and to provide theoretical evidence to establish the correct teeth treatment plan. Methods The lateral cephalograms of one hundred and eighty-three female twins from six to twelve years old were studied. The environmental and genetic effects were analyzed on soft tissue profile by twin method. Results The influence of environmental factors was detected by measurement items of subnasale (F3), upper lip concave point(F4),upper lip sudden point (F5), upper stomion(F6), lower stomion(F7), lower lip sudden point(F8), lower lip concave point(F9), menton of soft tissue(F10)(P<0. 05). Among them,lower stomion(F7)and lower lip sudden point(F8)were more affected by environmental impact, the influence of environmental and genetic factors was detected by measurement items of subnasale(F3),upper lip concave point(F4),and lower lip concave point(F9). Conclusion The lower lip is more be influenced by environmental factors, whereas the subnasale, upper lip concave point,and lower lip concave point are mainly by both the environmental and genetic factors.

19.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-872114

ABSTRACT

Objective To find the facial soft tissue measured indexes related to esthetic evaluation.Methods Thirty women were selected and scanned with CBCT;all individuals showed normal jaw,and lateral profile was taken in natural head posture.All the data measured including E line were imported with software Winceph 8.0 and overlapped,acquiring lateral cephalometric radiographs in natural head posture.29 orthodontists and 85 laypersons were invited to evaluate the attractiveness of this 30 profile silhouettes.18 esthetic indexes including E line were measured by Winceph 8.0.Paired t-tests were carried out for measured values of aesthetic indexes from two groups.Then Pearson correlation analysis was used to each silhouette score and values of aesthetic indexes were analyzed.Results Orthodontists group had average 0.05 points higher than laypersons.The aesthetic evaluation was different between orthodontists and laypersons with statistical significance.The measured indexes were correlated with measured values of two groups,including TLL-TVL,B'-TVL,Pos'-TVL (P<0.05).Conclusions There are differences between orthodontists and laypersons in soft-tissue profile esthetic evaluation.The value of TLL-TVL,B'-TVL and Pos TVL are three key soft-tissue measurements that influence the esthetic indexes both for orthodontists and laypersons.The head position is an element that influences esthetic evaluation.

20.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(4): 1245-1251, Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040119

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soft tissue thickness of upper lip on lip retraction in orthodonticaltreated females and identify the ratio of maxillary incisor retraction to upper lip retraction. Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 100 adults were examined to measure the lip thickness in upper lip and establish the classification standard. All subjects were treated with 4 first premolar extractions followed by upper central incisors retraction. Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 19 patients were reviewed to determine the changes of the upper lip and incisor positions through landmarks displacement. An independent-samples t test and one-way analysis of variance were performed. The correlations between maxillary incisor retraction and upper lip retraction were explored by the Pearson correlation method. P-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. The lip thickness of adult male patients was greater than that of adult female patients. The average ratio of maxillary incisor retraction to upper lip repositioning was 1.6:1,1.9:1 and 2.2:1 in the thin lips group, normal lips group and thick lips group, respectively. Gender differences exist in the thickness of upper lip. Horizontal changes of the maxillary incisor showed a significant correlation to horizontal changes of the upper lip (P<0.001).There were negative correlations between the thickness of upper lip and the ratio between change in maxillary incisor protrusion and change in upper lip protrusion.


El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del grosor de los tejidos blandos del labio superior, sobre la retracción del labio en mujeres tratadas con ortodoncia e identificar la proporción de retracción del diente incisivo maxilar con respecto a la retracción del labio superior. Se examinaron cefalogramas laterales, previos y posteriores al tratamiento de 100 adultos, para medir el grosor del labio superior y establecer un estándar de clasificación. Todos los sujetos fueron tratados con 4 extracciones de los primeros premolares seguidas de retracción de los incisivos centrales superiores. Se revisaron los cefalogramas laterales, previos y posteriores al tratamiento de 19 pacientes, para determinar los cambios del labio superior y las posiciones de los incisivos a través del desplazamiento de los puntos de referencia. Se realizó una prueba t de muestras independientes y un análisis de varianza de una vía. Las correlaciones entre la retracción del incisivo maxilar y la retracción del labio superior se exploraron mediante el método de correlación de Pearson. Los valores de p<0,05 fueron considerados estadísticamente significativos. El grosor de los labios de los pacientes adultos masculinos fue mayor que el de las pacientes adultas. La relación promedio de la retracción del incisivo maxilar al reposicionamiento del labio superior fue de 1,6:1,1; 9:1 y 2,2:1 en el grupo de labios delgados, grupo de labios normales y grupo de labios gruesos, respectivamente. Existen diferencias de sexo en el grosor del labio superior. Los cambios horizontales del incisivo maxilar mostraron una correlación significativa con los cambios horizontales del labio superior (P<0,001). Hubo correlaciones negativas entre el grosor del labio superior y la relación entre el cambio en la protuberancia del incisivo maxilar y el cambio en la protrusión del labio superior.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Tooth Movement Techniques , Connective Tissue/anatomy & histology , Lip/anatomy & histology , Orthodontics , Cephalometry , Malocclusion/therapy
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