The colonic metabolism differences of main alkaloids in normal and colitis mice treated with Coptis chinensis Franch. and Sophora flavescens Ait. herbal pair using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method combined with chemometrics.

Coptis chinensis Franch. and Sophora flavescens Ait. is a herbal pair frequently used in treating ulcerative colitis. However, the bio-disposition profile of the major components in the inflamed gut remains unclear, which is essential to understand the pharmacological material basis of this herb pair. Here we established an integral quantitative and chemometric method to deduce the colonic metabolism differences of this herbal pair in normal and colitis mice. With this LC-MS method, a total of 41 components have been found in the Coptis chinensis Franch. and Sophora flavescens Ait. extract, and 28 metabolites were found in the colon after oral administration. Alkaloid and its phase I metabolites were the main components in the colon of normal and colitis mice. The results of principal component analysis at 6 h after oral administration showed significant colonic metabolism differences between normal and colitis mice. Heamap results showed that colitis induced significant changes in the colonic bio-disposition of this herbal pair extract. In particular, in the context of colitis, the phase I metabolism of berberine, coptisine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine,and epiberberine has been inhibited. These results may provide a basis for understanding the pharmacological material basis of Coptis chinensis Franch. and Sophora flavescens Ait. in treating ulcerative colitis.

Determination of Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Alkaloids Isolated from Sophora flavescens Ait. Grown in Dak Nong, Vietnam.

Traditional/herbal medicine has gained increasing interests recently, especially in Asian countries such as Vietnam, due to its diverse therapeutic actions. In the treasure of Vietnamese medicinal plants, one of the potential herbs is the roots of Sophora flavescens Ait. (SF, "Kho sam" in Vietnamese). However, limited information has been reported on the Vietnamese SF compositions and their respective alkaloids' anti-acetylcholinesterase action. Thus, this study investigated the extractions, isolations, identifications, and in-vitro antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities, of the SF root extracts and their purified alkaloid compounds. To this end, four pure compounds were successfully isolated, purity-tested by HPLC, and structurally identified by spectroscopic techniques of FTIR, MS, and NMR. These compounds, confirmed to be oxysophocarpine, oxymatrine, matrine, and sophoridine, were then determined their therapeutic actions. The SF extracts and the compounds did not possess significant antioxidant activity using the DPPH and MDA assays, and cytotoxicity action using the MTT assay on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. On the other hand, the SF total extract yielded a moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibition effect, with an IC50 of 0.1077 ± 0.0023 mg/mL. In summary, the SF extract demonstrated potential effects as an anti-acetylcholinesterase agent and could be further researched to become a pharmaceutical product for diseases related to acetylcholine deficiency, such as dementia.

Inhibitory effect of water extract of Sophora flavescens on inflammation and oxidative stress through activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway / 中草药

Objective: To study the molecular mechanisms of antioxidant effect and anti-inflammatory of water extract of Sophora flavescens (WSF) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Methods: The optimum concentration of WSF was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. The inflammatory model was established with LPS by stimulating RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Then all cells were divided into control group, model group, WSF group and WSF control group. The levels of ROS and NO were analyzed with flow cytometry. Subsequently, the expression of iNOS, COX-2, Nrf2, and HO-1 was detected with qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Finally, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were detected by ELISA. Results: The CCK-8 assay revealed that 0.01 mg/mL WSF did not affect the cell viability. Compared with control group, the LPS-induced inflammatory response could significantly increase the production of NO and ROS, and the IL-6 and TNF-α were also significantly increased (P < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001). Furthermore, the expression of iNOS and COX-2 were significantly increased (P < 0.01, 0.001), but the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were inhibited (P < 0.05). However, compared with model group, the WSF group not only significantly decreased the levels of NO, ROS, IL-6, and TNF-α, but also decreased the expression of iNOS and COX-2 (P < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001). In contrast, the the level of IL-10 and the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly increased (P < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001). Conclusion: These results suggested that SF exerted protective effect against LPS-induced inflammatory and oxidative responses in RAW 264.7 cells by the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Exploration on mechanism of anti-coronavirus of Sophora flavescens through multi-pathway / 中草药

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originated in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China in December 2019, and then quickly spread to most provinces and regions in China and even spread to many countries abroad. COVID-19 is characterized by wide epidemic, strong infectivity, rapid onset and critical condition. In the face of this epidemic, all parts of the country quickly set off a peak in the fight against COVID-19, but no effective drug for COVID-19 has been developed in the short term. Recently, many hospitals have combined traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine in treatment, and the clinical effect is remarkable, which proves the antiviral effect of traditional Chinese medicine. A large number of pharmacological and clinical studies have proved that the Chinese materia medica S. flavescens has significant antiviral effect. In this paper, the mechanism of anti-coronavirus effect of S. flavescens is expounded from multiple pathways, such as type I interferon, NF-κB signal pathway, ERK signal pathway, PI3K/Akt signal pathway and matrine alkaloids, etc. It is intended to provide reference for clinical treatment of coronavirus infection pneumonia and research and development of related drugs of S. flavescens.

Research progress and prospect on antitumor mechanism of matrine and oxymatrine / 中草药

Sophora flavescens is a traditional herb medicine in China. Matrine and oxymatrine are the primary components in S. flavescens with an outstanding anti-cancer potentials. This review aims to summarize the mechanism of tumor-inhibition of matrine and oxymatrine by screening and analyzing the recent literatures. It was found that the molecular mechanisms of tumor-inhibition of matrine and oxymatrine include the regulation of cell cycle progression, induction of cell apoptosis, anti-metastatic and anti-invasion activities, induction of autophagy of tumor cells, reversion of the multidrug resistance in cancer cells, and regulation of metabolic level in cancer cells. Further research on the molecular mechanisms of matrine and oxymatrine could reveal their cellular signaling network and gene regulation mechanism in the anticancer behaviors, so as to find more accurate tumor therapeutic targets, which have important implications not only for new drugs development in clinical application of cancers, but also for the modernizations and internationalization of Chinese medicine.

UPLC-MS/MS-based pharmacokinetics of self-microemulsion containing total flavonoids from Sophora flavescens in rats / 中草药

Objective: To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of sophoraflavanone G (SFG), kurarinone (Kur), and isoxanthohumol (Iso) in rat plasma using rutin as the internal standard (IS), and to study the pharmacokinetic parameters of total flavonoids (TF) from Sophora flavescens and TF self-microemulsion drug delivery system (TF-SMEDDS) in rats. Methods: Analysis was carried out on an ACQUITY UPLC® HSS T3 C18 column using acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid in water as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The plasma samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring with an electro-spray ionization source in negative ionization mode. All statistical analysis was performed using DAS 2.0 software package. Results: The calibration curves of Kur, SFG, and Iso exhibited good linearity (r2 > 0.995 9) over the range of (0.02-1 600.00), (0.015-1 200.000), and (0.01-800.00) ng/mL, respectively. Precision, accuracy, average extraction recovery, and matrix effects were all in line with biological sample analysis requirements. The pharmacokinetic parameters of Kur, SFG, and Iso from TF were as follows: t1/2z (7.04 ±2.46), (4.54 ± 2.13), (4.73 ± 1.67) h, and AUC0-∞ (3 469.57 ± 555.37), (2 524.48 ± 425.83), (1 006.47 ± 85.46) ng∙h/mL. The pharmacokinetic parameters of Kur, SFG, and Iso from TF-SMEDDS were as follows: t1/2z (13.10 ± 2.67), (11.47 ± 4.17), and (12.67 ± 4.97) h, and AUC0-∞ (13 002.49 ± 2 498.09), (8 070.80 ± 2 264.62), (3 918.85 ± 429.76) ng∙h/mL. The relative bioavailabilities of Kur, SFG, and Iso in TF-SMEDDS were approximately 374.76%, 319.70%, and 389.37%, respectively. Conclusion: The UPLC-MS/MS method can be used to study the pharmacokinetics of three components in S. flavescens in rats. The bioavailability of TF-SMEDDS in rats was significantly increased.

In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of Sophora flavescens residues.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The dried roots of Sophora flavescens Ait. (Leguminosae) is traditionally used as antipyretic medicine to reduce inflammation. It is well known that alkaloids and flavonoids are the main constituents of S. flavescens. However, the clinical researches and applications of S. flavescens is mainly based on its water-extracted alkaloids, its flavonoids may still remain in residues and have been underused. With development and manufacturing of S. flavescens in recent years, more herb residues are being produced. Since they are typically treated as waste and dumped openly in landfill sites, which can cause pollution, there is a great need to explore these wastes as recyclable resources and increase their added value. To date, whether other bioactive components would be found in the residues of S. flavescens is still unknown. If the extraction method of these active ingredients was established, the residues of S. flavescens could be turned from the harm to a benefit and make great sense of the comprehensive utilization of S. flavescens resources. This study aimed to establish an extraction method of the residues of S. flavescens and investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of it both in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dried S. flavescens were decocted with distilled water firstly, then the residues were powdered and extracted with ethyl acetate by using ultrasonic wave. HPLC was utilized to analyze the chemical constituents of the water extracts of S. flavescens (WSF) and the ethyl acetate extracts of residues of S. flavescens (RSF). In vivo, the anti-inflammatory effect of WSF and RSF were evaluated using the xylene-induced auricle edema, acetic acid-induced peritoneal permeability and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema methods. In vitro, the inhibitory activities of WSF and RSF on NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 production of LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells were measured. RESULTS: The major ingredients of RSF were flavonoids, while WSF almost had no flavonoids. In vivo, WSF and RSF (200 mg/kg) could significantly inhibit the edema in the xylene-induced mice auricle edema and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema as well as the peritoneal permeability increased by acetic acid. They can also lower production levels of PGE2 in inflamed paw tissues. In vitro experimental results showed that RSF (25-100 µg/mL) could significantly inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The in vitro suppress effect of WSF had no dose-response relationship. CONCLUSIONS: The residues of S. flavescens had obvious flavonoids with anti-inflammatory activity. This study provided evidence for the reuse of residues from S. flavescens in the food additive, medicine and cosmetic industries.

Comparative analysis of sixteen flavonoids from different parts of Sophora flavescens Ait. by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The root of Sophora flavescens Ait. has long been used as a crude drug in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years. The quinolizidine alkaloids and flavonoids are considered as the main bioactive components in this plant. To determine the distribution and content of the flavonoids in different organs of this plant, a rapid, sensitive and reproducible method was established using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. A total of sixteen flavonoids including five different types (isoflavones, pterocarpans, flavones, flavonols and prenylflavonoids) were simultaneously determined in 10 min. The established method was fully validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, repeatability as well as recovery and successfully applied in the methanolic extracts of S. flavescens parts (root, stem, leaf, pod and seed). The analysis results indicated that the distribution and contents of different type of flavonoids showed remarkable differences among the five organs of S. flavescens. This study might be useful for the rational utilization of S. flavescens resource.

Molecular mechanism of Danggui Beimu Kushen Pills in treating prostatic diseases based on TCM-IP / 中草药

Objective To analyze the material basis and molecular mechanisms of Danggui Beimu Kushen (DBK) Pills in treating prostatic diseases based on the method of integrated pharmacology. Method The platform of Integrative Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM-IP, www.tcmip.cn) was utilized to predict the main active ingredients and functional targets of DBK Pills in treating prostatic disease, key targets were screened for enrichment analysis of pathways, and the network of “herb-core component-key target-main pathway” was constructed, and the possible mechanisms of DBK Pills in treating prostatic diseases were explored. Results A total of 532 candidate key targets for the treatment of prostatic diseases by DBK Pills were predicted, and 1 840 terms of gene function and 194 signal pathways were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) and KEGG, respectively. The network analysis of “herb-core component-key target-main pathway” showed that 65 core components were predicted, including 29 ingredients from Angelica sinensis, 11 from Fritillaria thunbergii and 26 from Sophora flavescens. Those predicted components acted on the key targets of prostatic diseases, such as transcription factor binding, negative regulation of apoptosis, et al, through the estrogen, apoptosis, chemokines and other signal pathways, and thus played a role in the regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis and proliferation imbalance, which might be the molecular mechanisms of DBK Pills for the treatment of prostatic disease. Conclusion DBK Pills regulate the development of BPH, prostate cancer and other diseases through multiple pathways with multi-component interacting with multiple targets.

Application of electronic tongue in pattern study about bitterness inhibition by hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin / 中草药

Objective To study the bitterness inhibition law of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) concentration (C) on the bitter compounds and bitter Chinese herbal medicine, and to explore the application of electronic tongue in this study. Methods Berberine, oxymatrine, Sophora flavescens, and Andrographis paniculata decoction were used as bitterness vectors to establish two models of bitterness inhibition law about ΔI-C and ΔIe-C, and to explore the prediction model of bitterness inhibition effect about ΔI-ΔIe, based on the oral taste evaluation results (ΔI) and electronic tongue information (ΔIe). Then, fitting precision and fitting goodness of the prediction model were evaluated with cross-validation and residual analysis. Results In this study, good Weibull model of bitterness inhibition pattern about ΔI-C were established for all the four bitterness vectors, the decision coefficient R2 are as followed: 0.999 6, 0.987 9, 0.996 4, and 0.998 4 (P < 0.01); The decision coefficient R2 of six (two sensors per vector) models of bitterness inhibition law about ΔIe-C of berberine, S. flavescens, and A. paniculata decoctions were as followed: 0.996 5, 0.991 6, 0.997 3, 0.989 3, 0.999 6, and 0.999 1 (P < 0.01); The decision coefficient R2 of six corresponding linear prediction models of bitterness inhibition effect about ΔI-ΔIe were as followed: 0.989 1, 0.968 3, 0.989 0, 0.982 0, 0.977 9, and 0.986 1 (P < 0.01); The correlation coefficient R calculated by correlation coefficient of six prediction models above were as followed: 0.986 0, 0.997 3, 0.988 4, 0.960 8, 0.980 2, and 0.983 9 (P < 0.01); No model was established for oxymatrine within the range of tested concentration in this research, as it didn’t respond to the four sensors with varied concentration. Conclusion Based on this method, the bitterness inhibition law of HP-β-CD with changed concentration was obtained. Prediction models based on HP-β-CD concentration or electronic tongue data were also established, they can be used to predict the relative bitterness inhibition effect. Part of the bitter compounds didn't response to the electronic tongue regularly, remain further research and development of electronic tongue technology.

Simultaneous Determination of Seven Alkaloid Constitutents in Sophora Flavescens Ait. by HPLC-DAD / 中国药师

Objective:To develop an HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous determination of seven alkaloid constitutents, so-phoranholN-oxide, oxymatrine, sophoridine, oxysophocarpine, sophoranol, matrine and sophocarpine in Sophora flavescens Ait. Meth-ods:The chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent Zorbax C18 column (150 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5μm) with 10 mmol·L-1 NH4Ac(0.1% ammonia, pH=9.0)(A)-acetonitrile-methanol(1 ∶22) containing 20 mmol·L-1NH4Ac(B) as the mobile phase with gradient elution at the flow rate of 1 ml·min-1 . The detection wavelength was set at 220 nm,and the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. Results: SophoranholN-oxide, oxymatrine, sophoridine, oxysoph-ocarpine, sophoranol, matrine and sopho-carpine was linear within the range of 0.093-1.860 μg(r =0.999 6) , 0.530-10.600 μg (r =0.999 7), 0.062-1.240 μg (r =0. 999 8), 0. 281-5. 620 μg (r=0. 999 9), 0. 026-0. 520 μg (r=0. 999 8) ,0. 036-0. 720 μg (r=0. 999 7) and 0. 032-0. 640 μg (r=0. 999 6), respectively. The average recovery was 97. 5%, 98. 2%, 99. 0%, 99. 4%, 99. 2%, 98. 2% and 98. 7%, and RSD was 1. 18%, 0. 92%, 1. 43%, 1. 04%, 0. 81%, 0. 43% and 0. 88%(n =6), respectively. Conclusion:The method is convenient, accurate and reproducible in the quality control of multicomponents in Sophora flavescens Ait.

Selective Extraction of Flavonoids from Sophora flavescens Ait. by Mechanochemistry.

Flavonoids from Sophora flavescens were selectively extracted by mechanochemical-promoted extraction technology (MPET) after using response surface methodology to determine the optimal extraction parameters. The highest yield of 35.17 mg/g was achieved by grinding the roots with Na2CO3 (15%) at 440 rpm/min for 17.0 min and water was used as the sole solvent with a ratio of solvent to solid material of 25 mL/g. Flavonoids prepared by MPET demonstrated relatively higher antioxidant activities in subsequent DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. Main constituents in the extracts, including kurarinol, kushenol I/N and kurarinone, were characterized by HPLC-MS/MS, indicating good selective extraction by MPET. Physicochemical property changes of powder during mechanochemical milling were identified by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and UV-Vis diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy. Compared with traditional extraction methods, MPET possesses notable advantages of higher selectivity, lower extraction temperature, shorter extraction time, and organic solvent free properties.

Antinociceptive activity of a polysaccharide from the roots of Sophora flavescens.

A polysaccharide (SFWP), with a molecular weight of 51kDa, was successfully purified from the roots of Sophora flavescens and the antinociceptive actions of SFWP were evaluated using acetic acid induced writhing, tail flick, and formalin tests in mice. GC-MS results showed that SFWP had a backbone composed of (1→2)-linked Glc, (1→2,6)-inkedGal and (1→3,6)-inked Man residues, which were terminated with (1→)-inked Xyl and (1→)-inked Ara at O-6 of (1→2,6)-inkedGal and (1→3,6)-inked Man along the main chain, in the ratio of 2.0: 1.02: 1.09: 1.10: 0.98. Data showed that SFWP (100, 200 and 400mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of writhings induced by acetic acid in a dose-dependent manner. However, SFWP did not produce analgesia in tail-flick test. Moreover SFWP strongly attenuated the formalin-induced flinching behaviour in the second phases but not in the first phase in a dose-dependent manner. These results revealed that SFWP could be used safely to attenuate both inflammatory and peripheral neuropathic pain.

Extraction, characterization, and biological activity of polysaccharides from Sophora flavescens Ait.

Four water-soluble polysaccharides, designated as SF1, SF2, SF3 and SF4, were efficiently extracted from the roots of Sophora flavescens by mechanochemistry under the conditions of rotational speed of 400rpm, grinding time of 10min, powder to ball weight ratio of 1:20, and Na2CO3 loading of 7wt%. The results obtained indicated that all of these four acid heteropolysaccharides are composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose, with the average molecular weights of 400.9, 98.6, 99.3, 42.7kDa, respectively. In vitro, SF4 showed the most significant scavenging activity on superoxide radical, ABTS, and DPPH radical, while SF3 had the most significant scavenging activity on hydroxyl radical. Immunological tests demonstrated that SF1, SF2, SF3 and SF4 significantly stimulated nitric oxide production without cytotoxicity in macrophages and promoted splenocyte proliferation. These data suggest that the four polysaccharides fractions have the potential as novel natural sources of antioxidative and immunopotentiating agents.

Optimization of nanofiltration concentration process of Sophora flavescens extract by coupling technology of response surface methodology and regulating Donnan effect / 中草药

Objective: Response surface analysis and regulating Donnan effect methodology were used to optimize the matrine concentration by nanofiltration techonology. Methods: On the basis of single factor experiment results, molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of nanofiltration membrane, concentration and pH were selected as influencing factors to evaluate the retention rate of matrine and total alkaloids with Box-Behnken central composite experiment design, and then, the optimal concentration parameters were calculated in the conditions of pH 6-7 to regulate Donnan effect between alkaloids and nanofiltration membrane. Results: The retention rate of matrine was of positive relevance with the ethanol concentration. The optimal concentration parameters were as follows: cutting off molecular weight of 150, pH of 6.19, concentration of 204.3 μg/mL, ethanol concentration of 15%, the retention rate of matrine and total alkaloids were 94.41% and 97.63%, respectively. Conclusion: The combination of ethanol regulation Donnan effect and response surface analysis can well optimize the concentration process of S. flavescens extract by nanofiltration, and the results provide the references for nanofiltration concentration for heat-sensitive Chinese materia medicia.

A study on isolation of chemical constituents from Sophora flavescens Ait. and their anti-glioma effects.

BACKGROUND: Sophora flavescens Ait. is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history in China. It is mainly used in the treatment of heat dysentery and similar ailments in the clinical. The objective of this paper was to isolate, purify and identify alkaloids from Sophora flavescens Ait. and to explore their inhibitory effects on C6 glioma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Column chromatography, extraction and NMR spectroscopy were used to structurally identify the isolated compounds. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the inhibitory effect of matrine on C6 cells. RESULTS: Three compounds were isolated from Sophora flavescens Ait., namely matrine, oxymatrine and lupeol. Different concentrations of matrine solution all had inhibitory effects on growth of C6 cell lines, which showed apparent dose-effect relationship. Compared with the control group, proportion of G0/G1 phase cells increased in each matrine concentration group to a maximum of 79.8%; proportion of S phase cells reduced, and proportion of G2/M phase cells declined slightly to a minimum of 6.3%, suggesting that after the action of matrine proliferation of C6 cells was significantly inhibited and the cells were arrested in the G1 phase. CONCLUSION: We concluded that Sophora flavescens Ait. has an inhibitory effect on C6 cell proliferation.

The antiangiogenic activity of Kushecarpin D, a novel flavonoid isolated from Sophora flavescens Ait.

AIMS: Kushecarpin D (KD) is a novel flavonoid isolated from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Kushen (the dried root of Sophora flavescens Ait). As part of our continuous effort to explore Chinese traditional medicinal herbs and to identify novel natural anticancer products, the antiangiogenic properties of KD were examined in vitro using a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ECV304). MAIN METHODS: The SRB and Trypan Blue exclusion assays were used to evaluate the effect of KD on cell proliferation. The antiangiogenic activities of KD were evaluated through studies of cell migration, cell adhesion, and tube formation. DCFH-DA and DHE fluorescent assays were used to detect the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Catalase activity was detected using the colorimetric ammonium molybdate method. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured using flow cytometry and the Hoechst 33258 staining assay. KEY FINDINGS: The results indicated that KD showed antiangiogenic activity via inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, cell migration, cell adhesion, and tube formation. ROS levels were down-regulated and catalase activity was up-regulated after treatment with KD. The cell cycle was arrested at the G2/M phase, while no apoptosis was observed using the Hoechst 33258 staining assay or following the flow cytometric analysis of the sub-G1 proportion. SIGNIFICANCE: The antiangiogenic properties of KD, in combination with its anti-proliferative effect and ability to induce cell cycle arrest without inducing apoptosis, make it a good candidate for development as antitumor agent. However, further studies are essential to elucidate its mechanism of action.

Simultaneous determination of berberine, matrine and oxymatrine in traditional Chinese medicines by using nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis / 西安交通大学学报·英文版

A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of berberine (BBR), matrine (MT) and oxymatrine (OMT) by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) was developed. Optimum separation of the analytes was obtained on a 50 cm x 50 μm i. d. fused-silica capillary using a non-aqueous buffer system of 70 mM ammonium acetate, 7.0% acetic acid and 10% acetonitrile at 25 kV and 20°C . The relative standard deviations (R. S. D.) of the migration times and peak areas of the three active components were 0.06%-0.20% and 0.12%-3.41% for berberine, 0.11%-0.60% and 0.74%-1.63% for matrine, 0.15% and 0.45% for oxymatrine, respectively. Detection limits of berberine, matrine and oxymtrine were 0.18 μg/mL, 4.08 μg/mL and 4.16 μg/mL, respectively. In the tested concentration range, good linear relationships (0.999 2 for berberine, 0.998 8 for matrine and 0.998 8 for oxymatrine) were observed. The linear calibration ranges were 0.45-360.0 μg/mL for berberine, 8.16-408.0 μg/mL for matrine and 20.8-416.0 μg/mL for oxymatrine. This method has been successfully applied to the phytochemical analysis of alkaloids extracts from two commonly used traditional Chinese herbal drugs: Sophora flavescens Ait. (Kushen) and Cortex phellodendri chinensis (Huangbai) and their medicinal preparations.

Simultaneous determination of berberine, matrine and oxymatrine in traditional Chinese medicines by using nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis / 药物分析学报

A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of berberine (BBR), matrine (MT) and oxymatrine (OMT) by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) was developed. Optimum separation of the analytes was obtained on a 50cm×50μm i.d. fused-silica capillary using a non-aqueous buffer system of 70mM ammonium acetate, 7.0% acetic acid and 10% acetonitrile at 25kV and 20℃. The relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) of the migration times and peak areas of the three active components were 0.06%-0.20% and 0.12%-3.41% for berberine, 0.11%-0.60% and 0.74%-1.63% for matrine, 0.15% and 0.45% for oxymatrine, respectively. Detection limits of berberine, matrine and oxymtrine were 0.18μg/mL, 4.08μg/mL and 4.16μg/mL, respectively. In the tested concentration range, good linear relationships (0.9992 for berberine, 0.9988 for matrine and 0.9988 for oxymatrine) were observed. The linear calibration ranges were 0.45-360.0μg/mL for berberine, 8.16-408.0μg/mL for matrine and 20.8-416.0μg/mL for oxymatrine. This method has been successfully applied to the phytochemical analysis of alkaloids extracts from two commonly used traditional Chinese herbal drugs: Sophora flavescens Ait. (Kushen) and Cortex phellodendri chinensis (Huangbai) and their medicinal preparations.

Study of Quality Standard for Qingfei Yihuo Tablet / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To establilsh the quality standard for Qingfei Yihuo tablet. Methods TLC was performed to identify Sophora flavescens Ait, Peucedani and Cortex Phellodendri. HPLC was used to determine Baicalin. ODS column was used. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water-phosphoric acid (47∶53∶0.2). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and column temperature was at 25 ℃. The detecting wave length was at 280 nm. Results The characteristic for identification by TLC was distinct and hightly specific. Baicalin could be determined by HPLC. The linearity of Baicalin was good in the range of 0.163～0.975 ?g (r=0.999 9). The average recovery of Baicalin was 97.43% and RSD was 1.97% (n=6). Conclusion The methods of identification and quantification is simple and reproducible. It can be used effectively for the quality control of Qingfei Yihuo table.