ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Maximum phonation time is a simple test used to assess glottic competency. Our objective was to evaluate any correlation between maximum phonation time and spasmodic dysphonia as adductor spasmodic dysphonia and abductor spasmodic dysphonia have an adductor and abductor overdrive, respectively. METHODS: A 3-year data-review was performed for patients diagnosed with adductor spasmodic dysphonia, abductor spasmodic dysphonia and mixed spasmodic dysphonia. Maximum phonation time was noted on the first visit and compared with a control group. RESULTS: Average maximum phonation time in adductor spasmodic dysphonia, abductor spasmodic dysphonia and control group was 25 seconds, 9 seconds and 16 seconds. A significant difference was found for adductor spasmodic dysphonia and abductor spasmodic dysphonia. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis between adductor spasmodic dysphonia and control groups showed a positive predictive value of 81.3 per cent, negative predictive value of 83.9 per cent, sensitivity of 79.6 per cent and specificity of 85.2 per cent. Level of evidence = 4. CONCLUSION: We recommend that maximum phonation time be added to the diagnostic armamentarium of spasmodic dysphonia. This correlation between maximum phonation time and spasmodic dysphonia has not been previously published.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Many patients with spasmodic dysphonia (SD) see consistent effects from botulinum toxin (BTX) injections of the same dose, whereas others require dosage changes over time. We sought to determine whether demographics (age and gender) or environmental factors (smoking) affect the long-term stability of BTX dosing in these patients. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Charts of all patients undergoing BTX injection for adductor SD were reviewed. Dosage change, defined as whether there was any difference in total dosage used between two beneficial injections, was used as a measure of dosing stability. Beneficial injections were indicated by a voice rating score of at least three of four and any non-zero duration of improved voice. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether age, gender, smoking status, or duration of treatment correlated with odds of having a dosage change. RESULTS: A total of 211 patients were ultimately included. Age, gender, and smoking status were all found to have no correlative effect on dosing stability. The only factor that was predictive of dose stability was the number of previous beneficial injections, as every additional injection led to decreased odds of a change in dosage for the next injection (odds ratio=0.964; 95% confidence interval=0.947-0.981). CONCLUSIONS: Dosage of BTX injections for long-term treatment of SD has a significant propensity to remain stable over time. Factors such as age, gender, and smoking status do not appear to influence the dosage stability. These findings should allow for better patient counseling regarding expectations for their long-term treatment.
Subject(s)
Botulinum Toxins/administration & dosage , Dysphonia/drug therapy , Laryngeal Muscles/drug effects , Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage , Voice Quality/drug effects , Adult , Aged , Drug Dosage Calculations , Dysphonia/diagnosis , Dysphonia/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Injections, Intramuscular , Laryngeal Muscles/physiopathology , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Recovery of Function , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Speech Production Measurement , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A disfonia espasmódica (DE) é um distúrbio vocal caracterizado por voz tensa-estrangulada, com quebras de sonoridade e que compromete a comunicação do indivíduo. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica dos tratamentos médico e fonoaudiológico proposto para a DE no período entre 2006 e 2010. Os tratamentos descritos foram: injeção de toxina botulínica (TB), miectomia, neurectomia, denervação e reinervação laríngea seletiva adutora, tireoplastia, miotermia tiroaritenóidea com radiofrequência, injeção de lidocaína, homeopatia e tratamento fonoaudiológico (fonoterapia). O uso de injeção de TB mostrou resultados que indicaram a satisfação dos pacientes tratados, embora alguns dos artigos apontassem a necessidade de reaplicação da toxina frequentemente, como desvantagem. Os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram considerados duradouros e indicados para os pacientes que não quiseram se submeter às aplicações de TB. Tais estudos, no entanto, apresentaram contingência de pacientes restrita e os resultados foram baseados, na maioria das investigações, no julgamento dos próprios pacientes sobre a sua qualidade vocal. Os tratamentos, com uso de lidocaína e homeopatia, mostraram resultados positivos em relação à qualidade vocal dos pacientes e foram sugeridos como uma opção, também, para aqueles que não gostariam de ser submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico ou à aplicação de TB. Os poucos estudos que reportam fonoterapia assinalaram bons resultados quando a mesma foi associada à injeção de TB, mostrando a escassez de informações nesta área. Futuras pesquisas envolvendo a fonoterapia no tratamento da DE são necessárias.
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a voice disorder characterized by a strained-strangled voice, with sound breaks and has implications in one's communication. The purpose of this study is to present a bibliographic review of the speech therapy and medical treatment suggested for SD from 2006 to 2010. The speech therapy and medical treatments described are: botulinum toxin injection, myectomy, neurectomy, denervation and reinnervation selective laryngeal adductor, thyroplasty, radiofrequency thyroarytenoid myothermy, injection of lidocaine, homeopathy and speech therapy. The use of botulinum toxin injection showed results that indicated the satisfaction of the patients who were treated, although some of the articles presented the frequent need of reapplication of the toxin as a disadvantage. The surgical procedures were considered long-lasting and indicated to patients who didn't want to get botulinum toxin injections. The studies, however, presented a restricted contingency of patients, and the outcomes in many studies were based in the patient's own judgment on his/her voice quality. The treatments using lidocaine and homeopathy had positive results in relation to the voice quality of the patients and were suggested as an option for those who wouldn't like to undergo surgical treatment or have botulinum toxin injection. The few studies which discourse on voice therapy presented good results in association with botulinum toxin injection, showing the shortage of information in this field. A study on the literature review pointed out the need of developing researches to help us understand the neurological functioning in spasmodic dysphonia. Future study involving speech therapy in the treatment of ED is still necessary.
