The Loss of Spatiality and Temporality in Twilight Consciousness: The Emergence of Exogenous Psychosis Induced by Novel Psychoactive Substances.

BACKGROUND: The state of twilight consciousness is marked by a focused narrowing of awareness, maintaining vigilance and attention while simultaneously experiencing perceptual shifts in the surrounding environment. It is crucial to recognize that this twilight state represents not just a contraction but also an expansion of conscious experience. SUMMARY: Substances of abuse, particularly new psychoactive substances, play a significant role in inducing this twilight state. They achieve this by deconstructing essential components of consciousness, such as the perception of time and space. KEY MESSAGE: This paper aimed to explore the phenomenon of the twilight state of consciousness and shed light on how new psychoactive substances can alter the perception of time and space during this twilight phase, potentially triggering exogenous psychosis. This comprehensive inquiry employs a phenomenological approach to the study of consciousness, recognizing it as the primary tool for ascribing significance to this intricate yet often overlooked aspect of psychopathology.

Children's spaces in pages: Examining spatiality in COVID-19-themed children's books.

This article examines spatiality in selected children's books about COVID-19. Spatiality is an important lens because the coronavirus pandemic is a crisis related to distancing and mobility restrictions-spatial matters. Benedict Anderson's notion of imagined communities was adopted as a framework to how children's books present community belongingness within the spatial restrictions imposed during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a content analysis of pandemic-related children's books published in early 2020 (n = 51), this paper explores the sense of community in three everyday spaces: 'inside' (home), 'outside' (outdoors), and 'in-betweens' (windows and digital space). Findings reveal a two-fold observation: (1) children's books show how the 'normal' in everyday space is disrupted; and (2) layers of imagined communities manifest within the everyday spaces depicted in the books examined. These findings offer insights that while children's literature and geography are different disciplines, there is much to be explored about spaces in children's lives from writers and illustrators of children's books. Likewise, a geographical lens can substantiate discussions in children's literature by unpacking relationships of characters based on the spaces they occupy. With these in mind, it is hoped that conversations about spatial discourses in children's books flourish from this initial exploration.

GeoInfographic design of the multi-spatiality of borders: A case study of epidemic prevention and control in Ruili, China.

We live in a world of borders, which influence our perception and movement. Traditional mapping techniques show limitations as borders have become shifting and complex, and borders' multi-scale and multi-spatial properties have been strengthened significantly. To fill the knowledge gap, we explored the multi-spatiality of borders and provided approaches for border symbol design and visualization by taking the coronavirus-hit border city, Ruili, China, as an example. This work could shed light on multi-spatial geographic visualization and policy-making.

Distribución espacio-temporal de cianobacterias planctónicas y factores ambientales asociados a sus proliferaciones en el embalse Cerrón Grande, El Salvador / Spatio-temporal distribution of planktonic cyanobacteria and environmental factors associated with their proliferation in the Cerrón Grande reservoir, El Salvador

Resumen Introducción: El embalse Cerrón Grande de 135 km2 es el humedal más grande de El Salvador, reconocido como "Humedal de Importancia Internacional" por la Convención Ramsar. Además, es uno de los ecosistemas más contaminados a nivel nacional, enfrentando serios problemas, entre ellos, las proliferaciones de cianobacterias. Objetivo: Evaluar las relaciones entre los factores ambientales y la distribución espacial y temporal de las cianobacterias en el embalse a lo largo de un año hidrológico. Métodos: Extrajimos agua con cianobacterias de seis sitios fijos, desde octubre 2018 hasta septiembre 2019. Resultados: Identificamos 16 géneros, el más abundante Microcystis sp. Además, Dolichospermum sp.; Microcistis sp. alcanzaron 1.5 x 106 células/ml en junio 2019, principalmente en el sector noroeste, que es poco profundo y cercano a las zonas de confluencia de afluentes altamente contaminados que llegan al embalse. El sector sureste más profundo tenía bajas concentraciones de estos organismos. Los factores ambientales mayormente relacionados con dicho comportamiento fueron: fósforo, la conductividad eléctrica y el valor de Secchi, como se esperaba de un cuerpo eutrófico. Conclusiones: La variación en la concentración celular de cianobacterias en este embalse está altamente influenciada por la lluvia, la mezcla de agua y el contenido de nutrientes.

Abstract Introduction: The 135 km2 Cerrón Grande reservoir is the largest wetland in El Salvador, recognized as "Wetland of International Importance" by the Ramsar Convention. It is also one of the most polluted ecosystems nationwide, facing serious problems, among them, a proliferation of cyanobacteria. Objective: To assess the relationships among environmental factors and the spatial and temporary distribution of cyanobacteria in the reservoir throughout a hydrological year. Methods: We extracted water with cyanobacteria from six fixed sites, from October 2018 through September 2019. Results: We identified 16 genera, the most abundant Microcystis sp. And Dolichospermum sp.; Microcystis sp. reached 1.5 x 106 cells/ml in June 2019, mainly in the north-west sector, which is shallow and close to the confluence zones where highly polluted tributaries reach the reservoir. The deeper south-east sector had low concentrations of these organisms. The environmental factors mostly related to this behavior were: phosphorus, electrical conductivity and Secchi value, as expected from a eutrophic body. Conclusions: Variation in the cellular concentration of cyanobacteria in this reservoir is highly influenced by rain, water mixing and nutrient content.

Space and scale in higher education: the glonacal agency heuristic revisited.

The 2002 'glonacal' paper described higher education as a multi-scalar sector where individual and institutional agents have open possibilities and causation flows from any of the interacting local, national and global scales. None have permanent primacy: global activity is growing; the nation-state is crucial in policy, regulation and funding; and like the other scales, the local scale in higher education and knowledge is continually being remade and newly invented. The glonacal paper has been widely used in higher education studies, though single-scale nation-bound methods still have a strong hold. Drawing on insights from human geography and selected empirical studies, the present paper builds on the glonacal paper in a larger theorization of space and scale. It describes how material elements, imagination and social practices interact in making space, which is the sphere of social relations; it discusses multiplicity in higher education space and sameness/different tensions; and it takes further the investigation of one kind of constructed space in higher education, its heterogenous scales (national, local, regional, global etc.). The paper reviews the intersections between scales, especially between national and global, the ever-changing ordering of scales, and how agents in higher education mix and match scales. It also critiques ideas of fixed scalar primacy such as methodological nationalism and methodological globalism-influential in studies of higher education but radically limiting of what can be imagined and practised. Ideas matter. The single-scale visions and scale-driven universals must be cleared away to bring a fuller geography of higher education to life.

A Review of Transnational Migrant Entrepreneurship: Perspectives on Unequal Spatialities.

The spatialities of migrant entrepreneurship have changed dynamically in recent decades. Movements and exchanges transcend national borders more than ever, and transnational migrant entrepreneurship has become a burgeoning field of research. Yet, knowledge is dispersed across disciplines, and an understanding of contemporary spatialities is limited. We review 155 articles published in English, French, German, and Spanish since 2009, thereby providing an overview of existing knowledge on transnational migrant entrepreneurship and suggesting avenues for future research. We identify five current topical areas of research: (1) the business advantages of transnational migrant entrepreneurship, (2) the determinants of becoming a transnational migrant entrepreneur, (3) the transnational networks of migrants, (4) the economic impacts of transnational migrant entrepreneurship on home and host countries, and (5) whether local environments enable or deter entrepreneurial success. Building on our synthesis of the most recent literature, we propose three crucial dimensions which have been under-researched in past and current work, and which address the diversity of geographical locations, spatial connections, and spatial mobilities involved in transnational migrant entrepreneurship. Moreover, we put forward a set of questions for future research which will advance a comprehension of unequal opportunities among transnational migrant entrepreneurs.

The geography of abortion: Discourse, spatiality and mobility.

Abortion has historically been ignored in geography. Although bodies and pregnancy have been increasingly studied since the 1990s, a reticence around abortion remains. In recent years, however, this has begun to change. This article critically reviews how geographers and other scholars are now considering abortion and uses three conceptual lenses of discourse, spatiality and mobility to argue that abortion should be a mainstream topic of critical concern for geographers. Through these themes we show that geographical attention to abortion makes questions of space, power, and citizenship visible in new ways and, furthermore, in ways that are only recently possible.

"We're protecting them to death"-A Heideggerian interpretation of loneliness among older adults in long-term care facilities during COVID-19: Contact details.

In this paper, I draw on Heidegger's phenomenology of "moods" (Stimmungen) to interpret loneliness as a diffused and atmospheric feeling-state that often undergirds the lives of older adults, shaping the ways in which they are attuned to and make sense of the world. I focus specifically on residents in long-term care facilities to show how the social isolation and lockdown measures of the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically intensified the mood. The aim is to shed light on how profound and totalizing the experience has been for residents. Making use of Heidegger's account of the affective "collapse" or "breakdown" (Zusammenbruch) of meaning, I argue that when older adults are functionally locked in their rooms for months at a time and cut off from the orienting routines and rhythms of the relational world, the result is a crumbling of the fundamental meaning-structures that constitute subjectivity. The global sense of abandonment and disconnection strips away the possibility for self-understanding, and residents are often left confused and abandoned to an existence that has been drained of meaning and significance.

Meteorological factors' effects on COVID-19 show seasonality and spatiality in Brazil.

The meteorological conditions may affect COVID-19 transmission. However, the roles of seasonality and macro-climate are still contentious due to the limited time series for early-stage studies. We studied meteorological factors' effects on COVID-19 transmission in Brazil from February 25 to November 15, 2020. We aimed to explore whether this impact showed seasonal characteristics and spatial variations related to the macro-climate. We applied two-way fixed-effect models to identify the effects of meteorological factors on COVID-19 transmission and used spatial analysis to explore their spatial-temporal characteristics with a relatively long-time span. The results showed that cold, dry and windless conditions aggravated COVID-19 transmission. The daily average temperature, humidity, and wind speed negatively affected the daily new cases. Humidity and temperature played a dominant role in this process. For the time series, the influences of meteorological conditions on COVID-19 had a periodic fluctuation of 3-4 months (in line with the seasons in Brazil). The turning points of this fluctuation occurred at the turn of seasons. Spatially, the negative effects of temperature and humidity on COVID-19 transmission clustered in the northeastern and central parts of Brazil. This is consistent with the range of arid climate types. Overall, the seasonality and similar climate types should be considered to estimate the spatial-temporal COVID-19 patterns. Winter is a critical time to be alert for COVID-19, especially in the northern part of Brazil.

Stranger Danger: Social Distancing, the Bubble, and the War on Space in Times of Covid-19.

As authors, we recognize the scientific foundations for implementing social distancing in preventing the spread of Covid-19. Yet, we also recognize fundamental changes to the socio-legal discourse of everyday life that we research. We see legalized space itself as the foundation for social relationships significantly impacted through the 'new normal' of social/physical distancing guidelines. This paper will explore the positionalities of bodies that contribute to the transformation of cultural spaces and social interactions against the legalized backdrop of combatting viral spread of Covid-19 in the United States, France, and Poland.

Supplementary education and the coronavirus pandemic: Economic vitality, business spatiality and societal value in the private tuition industry during the first wave of Covid-19 in England.

This paper challenges geographers to examine the lucrative, but vastly understudied, global supplementary education sector (e.g. private tuition; learning centres; cram schools). It marks a break from research in Geographies of Education on locational, socio-cultural and political-economy issues, by concentrating directly on the economic geography of this metaphorically monikered 'shadow education' sector. Centred on the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic, the paper's aim is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the economic vitality, business spatiality and societal value of private tuition in England. Methodologically, it utilises in-depth interviews with tutors providing one-to-one instruction in English, maths or science in the regionally-differentiated tuition market. The findings demonstrate business vitality was impacted: COVID-19 related disruption to schooling produced a profound economic shock for the tuition industry, though new opportunities also emerged from the crisis. Business spatiality was fundamentally rewritten, not only in terms of delivery but also as local markets became national ones. The social value of the industry was drawn into question, as the service was both vital and regressive in its distribution. In conclusion, the paper argues geographers of education must: (i) Embrace research on supplementary education in its own right and as it articulates with state education provision; (ii) Pursue economic analyses which consider both how markets work to produce unequal outcomes for potential consumers, and how they emerge as a space of educational entrepreneurship for those seeking to make a living; and (iii) Urgently examine how the coronavirus pandemic is rewriting processes across the education system.

Holding space and transitional space: stroke survivors' lived experience of being on an acute stroke unit. A hermeneutic phenomenological study.

Despite substantial reorganisation of stroke unit provision in the United Kingdom, limited qualitative research has explored how stroke survivors experience the acute stroke unit. This hermeneutic phenomenological study used accounts from four stroke survivors who experienced one of two acute stroke units. Through detailed analysis, the acute stroke unit emerged as a meaningful space, in two distinct but interconnected forms. As holding space, the unit was understood to offer protection and safe haven, as the stroke survivors looked to cope and respond to the temporal, bodily, biographical disruption and significant vulnerability brought about by stroke and by being in hospital. Holding was fulfilled by different people (including their fellow stroke survivors) and reflected a human response to human need and existential vulnerability. This space, and the practices within it, functioned to hold them intimately but also at a distance from their prestroke lifeworld. As such, the acute stroke unit holding space was intertwined with how it supported, encouraged or provoked transition. In the transitional space of the acute stroke unit, stroke survivors described how they survived the hospital-healthcare space, stroke unit and poststroke space. This paper articulates how transition was meaningfully signified through its absence or presence, as they transformed, relinquished or re-asserted their 'self', and in one case, recovered whilst 'in there'. The findings of this study provide phenomenological insight into stroke survivors' lived experience, the meaningful holding and transitional contribution of the unit, and how these spatial forms were intertwined. These insights are discussed in relation to the existing evidence base and stroke unit provision.

A Spatial-Temporal Model for Event Detection in Social Media.

Nowadays, the interest in data modelling from the spatial-temporal perspective is constantly increasing. Moreover, a wide variety of applications, such as social network data, need to be done to study spatiotemporal patterns. In general, however, these patterns are highly complex and challenging, so it is a demanding process to analyze or to classify them as the conventional context in various types of event data. In order to analyze the traffic viral within the text from the perspective of impressive negative effects, we should spatial-temporally localize the event and geographical regions and give a semantically interpreting of what happened. We propose a review of the best models and techniques applied for social media data processing to formalize a novel theory of action and time. This investigation intends to draw the basic knowledge level over which research intended to decipher in texts the occurrence of events, together with their involved characters, and their relationship with time and space.

Socio-physical liveability through socio-spatiality in low-income resettlement archetypes - A case of slum rehabilitation housing in Mumbai, India.

This study looks into the socio-physical liveability through socio-spatiality in low-income settlement archetypes. Paradoxically, recently mushrooming slum rehabilitation housing which have delivered secured tenure to its inhabitants, face threats of being deserted from lack of socio-physical liveability. Recurring of informality issues has advocated to investigate the reasons behind the 'rebound' phenomenon. This study explores the efficacy of socio-spatiality and its linkages with socio-physical liveability, taking Mumbai slum rehabs as case study. A comparative analysis of the current built-environment indicators and liveability status of major informal archetypes was performed, followed by analyses of the socio-physical problems associated with it. A critical evaluation of the rehabilitation housing of Mumbai highlights the problems caused by the current dense built-environment design. Reflecting on global instances, this article demonstrates the significance of socio-spatiality and suggests environmentally sustainable indicator-based built-environment recommendations, which if implemented in the forthcoming slum rehab housing planning, would enhance well-being and liveability among the low-income sector in future. While analysing the 'rebound' phenomenon, this study delivered a heuristics of socio-physical liveability, built-environment and their respective indicators. This method would aid the architects, planners and policymakers in reshaping the forth-coming built-environment while safeguarding the socio-physical liveability of the low-income sector.

Urban inequalities in the 21st century economy.

In the last decade or so, inequality studies have assumed renewed prominence across the social sciences. In this introduction to a special issue of Applied Geography, we set out to articulate the importance of urban spatial context in broader present-day inequality debates. We argue that the information-based economy is emphatically urban-based and that it has forged new spatial inequalities in and between cities and among urban populations. Income gaps have widened, inter-city disparities have grown, suburbs have been re-sorted into a wide array on the basis of class and race or ethnicity, and many central cities have assumed a renewed importance within metropolitan areas. We argue that attention to urban spatial dimensions at various scales is critical to understanding current inequality trends, from intra-urban to regional and global scales. Contributions to this special issue from North America, Europe, South America, and China suggest that deepening urban inequalities are pervasive across the globe.

Queer Anthropophagy: Building women-centered LGBT + space in Northeastern Brazil.

Through an ethnographic study of a party for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT)+ women, this article examines contemporary sociospatial practices LGBT+/queer women utilize to build community during the festas juninas in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. While these popular festivals associated with the rural space of the Brazilian Northeast may seem to replicate colonial, religious, and traditional structures, they have also have become fertile ground for queer contestations of heteronormative structures in the Northeast. I argue that LGBT + women in Natal engage in a cultural and spatial anthropophagy: devouring, absorbing, and hybridizing different cultural influences and types of space to create new community formations. By consuming many of the symbols, images, and cultural productions of the festas juninas they actively construct a hybrid anthropophagic space for LGBT + women and challenge moralistic values associated with rural Northeastern culture.

Understanding children's spatiality in cancer care environments: Untangling everyday practices around an IV-stand in a paediatric day-care ward.

Since the turn of the 21st century we see a renewed interest in the impact of hospital environments on children's well-being. In this article, we study the spatiality of children affected by cancer, i.e., their encounters with the day-care ward they are situated in. First we elaborate on these encounters through Schatzki's practice theory and Gibson's theory of affordances. Then we clarify our thinking in a case study and turn as empirical focus to a 'thing', an intravenous-pump and stand (IV-stand). The data used are field notes and videos shot by two children in a day-care ward, tinged with examples from literature and coincidental encounters with the IV-stand. Through carefully untangling everyday practices around the IV-stand, we show their complexity and offer a more nuanced understanding of child-friendly environments.

The acute stroke unit as a meaningful space: The lived experience of healthcare practitioners.

This hermeneutic phenomenological study was undertaken in response to the recent re-organization of stroke unit provision in the United Kingdom. Through the analysis of four acute stroke unit practitioners' subjective accounts, the acute stroke unit emerged as a dynamic, meaningful space, where they experienced authenticity and belonging. The findings showed how these practitioners navigated their way through the space, thriving, and/or surviving its' associated vulnerabilities. They offer a different gaze on which to attend to the complexity and challenge that is interwoven with health professionals' flourishing, the spatiality of healthcare practice, and perhaps other demanding places of work.

"A prevenção não sobe a Augusta": homossexualidade, HIV, "risco" e produção de fronteiras na região central da cidade de São Paulo / "Prevention does not target the upper Rua Augusta": homosexuality, HIV, "risk", and production of borders in the central region of the city of São Paulo / "La prevención no sube de la Augusta": homosexualidad, VIH, "riesgo" y producción de fronteras en la región central de la ciudad de Sao Paulo

Resumo: Este artigo parte de pesquisa que articula etnografia, inquérito comportamental e estudo de prevalência do HIV entre gays, outros HSH, travestis e mulheres transexuais em dois distritos administrativos na região central da cidade de São Paulo. Focaliza a produção articulada da vulnerabilidade para o HIV, de ações de prevenção, das atribuições de "risco" e de espaços da cidade - seus territórios e fronteiras -, considerando que tal produção é perpassada por relações de poder que se constituem mutuamente. Tais fronteiras, que delimitam diferentes lugares, frequências e tipos de estabelecimentos, mas também podem dificultar ou impedir a oferta de ações de prevenção, são vistas como sendo ao mesmo tempo simbólicas e materiais. Interessa-nos pensar: 1) como os distritos estudados se diferenciam entre si e internamente em termos de perfil socioeconômico, identidades, práticas sexuais e protetivas de seus frequentadores; 2) como a identidade sociossexual é atribuída diferentemente aos dois distritos estudados; 3) como a atribuição da ideia de "risco" para a infecção pelo HIV é acionada de diferentes modos em relação aos dois distritos; 4) como a distribuição socioespacial das pessoas, dos estabelecimentos, das identidades e do "risco" produz fronteiras no espaço da cidade, intersectando variadas relações sociais de poder ou marcadores sociais da diferença.

Abstract: This article is part of a research that articulates ethnography, behavioral investigation and HIV prevalence study among gay men, other MSM, travestis and transsexual women in two administrative districts in the central region of the city of São Paulo. It focus on the articulated production of HIV vulnerability, prevention actions, "risk" assignments and city spaces - their territories and borders - considering that such production is permeated by mutually constitutive power relations. Such boundaries, which delimit different places, frequencies and types of establishments, but also hamper prevention actions from being offered, are seen as both symbolic and material. Analysis is centered on: 1) how the studied districts differ among themselves and internally in terms of socioeconomic profile, identities, sexual and protective practices of its people; 2) how the socio-sexual identity is attributed differently in the two studied districts; 3) how the idea of "risk" for HIV infection is attributed in different ways in relation to the two districts; 4) how the socio-spatial distribution of people, establishments, identities and "risk" produces boundaries in the city space, intersecting various social relations of power or social markers of difference.

Resumen: Este artículo parte de un estudio que articula etnografía, investigación comportamental y estudio de prevalencia de VIH entre gays, otros HSH, travestis y mujeres transexuales en dos distritos administrativos en la región central de la Ciudad de São Paulo. Se focaliza la producción articulada de la vulnerabilidad para el VIH, de acciones de prevención, de las atribuciones de "riesgo" y de espacios de la ciudad - sus territorios y fronteras -, considerando que tal producción es atravesada por relaciones de poder que se constituyen mutuamente. Tales fronteras, que delimitan diferentes lugares, frecuencias y tipos de establecimientos, pero también pueden dificultar o impedir la oferta de acciones de prevención, son vistas como siendo al mismo tiempo simbólicas y materiales. Nos interesa pensar: 1) como los distritos estudiados se diferencian entre si e internamente por perfil socioeconómico, identidades, prácticas sexuales y protección de sus frecuentadores; 2) como la identidad sociosexual es atribuida diferentemente a los dos distritos estudiados; 3) como la atribución de la idea de "riesgo" para la infección por VIH es accionada de diferentes modos en relación a los dos distritos; 4) como la distribución socioespacial de las personas, de los establecimientos, de las identidades y del "riesgo" producen fronteras en el espacio de la ciudad, intersectando variadas relaciones sociales de poder o marcadores sociales de la diferencia.

Condiciones témporo-espaciales de adolescentes que habitan en una copropiedad horizontal de la ciudad de barranquilla, colombia / Temporo-spatial conditions of adolescent living in horizontal co-ownership building at barranquilla, colombia

RESUMEN La investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar cuáles son las condiciones témporo-espaciales que tienen los niños, en un rango de edad de 14 a 16 años, residentes en una copropiedad horizontal, que consta de tres Bloques o Edificios residenciales, una administración, áreas comunes, delimitación por paredes y un sistema de vigilancia. El problema que se identificó consiste en las condiciones de soledad, el confinamiento a la habitación, la adicción a los videojuegos y las tensiones con padres que tienen los adolescentes para ampliar su temporalidad y su espacialidad. La metodología empleada fue la de Núcleos de Educación Social -NES-. La estrategia que se empleó para poder identificar las condiciones témporo-espaciales fue a través de la conformación de un grupo focal, donde participaron 4 adolescentes. Los principales hallazgos hacen referencia de cómo las relaciones entre padres de familia y sus hijos adolescentes establecen límites al desarrollo de la espacialidad y la temporalidad.

SUMMARY This research aimed to identify what are the temporo-spatial conditions that children have in a range of age from 14 years to 16 years when they are residents of a horizontal co-ownership that has three blocks or residential buildings, walls, and a surveillance system. The problem identified is the conditions of solitude, confinement to the room, addiction to video games and tensions with parents that adolescents have to expand their temporality and spatiality. The methodology used was that of Social Education Nuclei, NES. The strategy used to identify temporomandibular conditions was through the formation of a focal group where 4 adolescents participated. The main findings refer to how the relationships between parents and their adolescent children establish limits to the development of the spatiality and temporality.