ABSTRACT
Resumo A Luta Marajoara (LM) vem aos poucos sendo conhecida nacional e internacionalmente como uma prática de combate corporal de expressiva efetividade e com elementos culturais importantes. O presente texto resulta de investigação exploratória que objetivou compreender, a partir das percepções de atletas e ex-atletas da LM, as tensões que envolvem essa prática corporal no âmbito de suas dimensões cultural, educacional e esportiva. A amostra é composta por 13 participantes masculinos, com idade entre 30 a 60 anos, residentes no Arquipélago do Marajó. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado com sete perguntas abertas. Os resultados demonstraram que a LM atravessa um processo de esportivização, de escolarização e de busca pela preservação de suas tradições. Percebe-se, ainda, a crença de que o ensino das tradições da LM para crianças pode resgatar o interesse pela modalidade, destacando o aspecto da identidade cultural do povo marajoara. (AU)
Abstract Marajoara Wrestling (MW) is being recognized, nationally and internationally, as a practice of corporal combat of expressive effectivity and with important cultural elements. The following text is the product of exploratory investigation that had the objective of identifying the perspective of athletes and former athletes of the modality about MW. The sample is composed of 13 male participants, from 30 to 60 years old, residents of the Marajó Archipelago. For the data collection a semi-structured interview script with seven open questions was utilized. The results show that MW is undergoing a process of sportification, schooling and of longing for the preservation of its traditions. It is perceptible, furthermore, that the schooling of traditions of MW to children can retrieve the interest for the modality, giving emphasis to the cultural identity of the marajoara people. (AU)
Resumen La Lucha Marajoara (LM) viene siendo, poco a poco, conocida nacional e internacionalmente, como una práctica de combate corporal de expresiva efectividad y con elementos culturales importantes. El siguiente texto resulta de la investigación exploratoria que tuvo como objetivo la identificación de perspectivas de atletas y ex atletas de LM. La muestra está compuesta por 13 participantes masculinos, con edad entre 30 y 60 años, residentes del Archipiélago de Marajó. Para la recolección de datos fue utilizado un plan de preguntas semiestructuradas con siete cuestiones abiertas. Los resultados demuestran que la LM pasa por un proceso de deportificación, de escolarización y de búsqueda por la preservación de sus tradiciones. Es nítido, además, que la enseñanza de las tradiciones de la LM a niños puede rescatar el interés de ellas por la modalidad, destacando el aspecto de la identidad cultural del pueblo marajoara. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Sports , CultureABSTRACT
This article is the result of an ethnographic work on baton twirling clubs in Switzerland: clubs with few members coming from a modest origin, offering a social and physical activity with little resonance, composed of children, and young girls. The supervision is mainly the responsibility of close volunteers: family members, friends or neighbors and, for the majority of them, women. It is therefore an environment where people know each other, where gestures of familiarity are the rule and where tensions may sometimes arise due to various conflicts of proximity. Baton twirling is based on a public display of participants and the competitive aspiration for a self-presentation that solicits feminine stereotypes. It shows sociabilities and socialities framed by gender and age relationships: within clubs, knowledge transmission and childcare are combined in women's practices. The relationships between women and children transcend learning relationships. These relationships, which go beyond a vertical transmission of knowledge, call for approaches inspired by the theories of care. What is the meaning of these relationships based on women's care from the point of view of sociality and in relation to the institution of sport? This is the main question that will be addressed here. Approaches of care emphasize accompaniment, maintenance. They seem to be a good way to identify the contours of a "sports maternalism" which makes such a commitment valid while at the same time conferring legitimacy on a sports practice that is poorly considered.
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes the concept of "grand challenges" as part of a shift in how scientists and policymakers frame and communicate their respective agendas. The history of the grand challenges discourse helps to understand how identity work in science and science policy has been transformed in recent decades. Furthermore, the question is raised whether this discourse is only an indicator, or also a factor in this transformation. Building on conceptual history and historical semantics, the two parts of the article reconstruct two discursive shifts. First, the observation that in scientific communication references to "problems" are increasingly substituted by references to "challenges" indicates a broader cultural trend of how attitudes towards what is problematic have shifted in the last decades. Second, as the grand challenges discourse is rooted in the sphere of sports and competition, it introduces a specific new set of societal values and practices into the spheres of science and technology. The article concludes that this process can be characterized as the sportification of science, which contributes to self-mobilization and, ultimately, to self-optimization of the participating scientists, engineers, and policymakers.
