A bioclimatic evaluation of sustainable tourist activities in western Romania.

The study analyzes with priority the bioclimatic conditions for tourist activities in two famous tourist areas in western Romania [(Baile Felix-Baile 1 Mai (BF_1 M) - Stâna de Vale - Vladeasa and, respectively Baile Herculane (BH) - Semenic], from the perspective of the potential of health tourism and in the subsidiary of sports and camping tourism. Such researches are missing for western Romania. The main working tools in the evaluation of the tourist valences of the bioclimate include: the spatio-temporal analysis of the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) bioclimatic index, of the TCI climate-tourism index and of the climate-tourism schemes (CTIS). PET, TCI and CTIS were calculated and drawn up based on the daily data of the meteorological elements included in their calculation for the period 1961-2019. The bioclimate is analyzed as an element of potential that can increase (through a better evaluation and knowledge) the attractiveness and sustainability of the health tourism in the already established resorts (BF_1 M, BH) and can develop sports and camping tourism in the direction of the two proposed axes (Stâna de Vale - Vladeasa și Semenic), with the decongestion of the resorts from the base the mountains. The proposed objectives consist inmulti-criteria evaluation, promotion and sustainable exploitation of the bioclimatic (and spa) resources of the six tourist destinations, but it also aims to increase the level of attention and information of all those interested, by promoting the bioclimatic and climate-tourism assets of complementary tourist destinations (Stâna de Vale, Vladeasa, Semenic). The results obtained from the PET statistics show that between 25 and 39 % of the days of a year are comfortable, and the TCI statistics show that between 54 and 69 % of the days are favorable for the practice of tourism. PET and TCI highlight that from mid-April to mid-October the bioclimatic conditions for health tourism are good at BF_1 M and BH and that, only in the months of December-February the balneoclimatic procedures carried out outside the treatment bases are subject to climatic restrictions. Sports tourism has few temporal restrictions, and camping tourism restricts its duration, from April to October in lowland resorts, to May to September in mountain tourist destinations. CTIS shows that the resorts in western Romania have the most favorable bioclimatic and climate-tourism conditions in Romania.

Motivations and satisfaction of sports tourists during the FIFA world cup in Qatar 2022.

This study aimed to identify the motivations of sports tourists to attend Soccer World Cups and to determine the motivational dimensions that predict their satisfaction. The research took place in Doha, the capital of Qatar, during the FIFA World Cup in 2022, where 503 valid questionnaires were collected. Exploratory factor analysis and linear regression with the Enter method were used for data analysis. The results show four motivational dimensions: Sports Passion, Escape & Relaxation, Patriotism & Attachment, and Recreation. Additionally, a positive and significant relationship was found between the Escape & Relaxation factor and overall satisfaction. In contrast, a negative correlation was identified between the Patriotism & Attachment dimension and satisfaction. These findings will contribute to the academic literature related to the Soccer World Cups as part of sports tourism and will also assist sporting event organizers in developing marketing and management plans to benefit this tourist demand.

A Modelling Study on Visitor Usage Intentions with AR-Based Content for Sports Venues / Un estudio de modelado sobre las intenciones de uso de los visitantes con contenido basado en AR para instalaciones deportivas

This study examined the development of users' behavioural intentions to visit sports venues when using AR-based content using the stimulus-organism-response model. The study centred on individuals who had experienced the AR-based content at Gocheuk Sky Dome. This study presents a structural model that illustrates the connections between three attributes of Augmented Reality (AR)—interactivity, vividness, and novelty (stimulus)—and their influence on the flow experience. This, in turn, affects the intention to depend on AR-based content for visiting a sports venue. A survey was conducted to evaluate the model, targeting young visitors in their 20s and 30s who are knowledgeable about AR technology. The study's findings indicate that novelty had the greatest influence on flow, followed by vividness, while interactivity did not show any significant impact. Flow had a significant impact on all four experiences: education, entertainment, aesthetics, and escapism. The positive impact on the intention to visit AR-based sports venues was observed only in relation to entertainment and education experiences. The role of consumer cultural innovativeness was examined as a moderator in the proposed structure model for visiting AR-based sports venues. These insights offer valuable information for the development of AR-based content in countries with culturally significant tourist destinations for sports enthusiasts. They also guide destination marketers in promoting AR in the tourism industry.(AU)

The Influence of the Construction of Sports Tourism Towns on the Psychological Status of Local Residents / La influencia de la construcción de ciudades de turismo deportivo en el estado psicológico de los residentes locales

Understand the mental health status of residents aged 15 and above in a sports tourism town, the research aimed was to check the influence of the construction of sports tourism towns on the psychological status of local residents. For this purpose, a multistage random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the mental health status of 3295 local residents, and the data were processed and analysed using SPSS 19.0 software. Of the 3295 residents surveyed, 410 had poor mental health, accounting for 12.44% of the total number of people surveyed. The total score of SCL-90 of residents in local provinces is lower than the national norm (t=14.647, P=0.000), and the scores of various factors of SCL-90 of residents in local provinces are significantly higher than the national norm (P=0.000). The correlation analysis results showed that the total score of happiness was negatively correlated with the total score of SCL-90 (r=1.883, P<0.01), and the psychological awareness and hygiene score was also negatively correlated with the total score of SCL-90 (r=0.598, P<0.01). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the factors that entered the regression equation included total happiness score, marital status, family life, satisfaction with the environment, whether life was monotonous, personality, participation in gatherings, and whether the three generations of the family had mental illness, according to the size of the standard regression coefficient, the most influential factor is the total score of happiness(β= 0.426), followed by marital status(β= 0.097).The mental health status of residents in the local province is not optimistic, the total score of happiness, marital status, family life, satisfaction with the environment, whether life is monotonous, and personality have varying degrees of impact on residents' mental health. Necessary intervention measures should be taken to improve their mental health based on their influencing factors. The research could help to application of targeted interventions and community-based programs to enhance the mental well-being of local residents in sports tourism towns, fostering sustainable development and social harmony. The research limitations and future directions were also discussed.(AU)

Evaluation of sports tourism competitiveness of urban agglomerations in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

In the era of experience economy, sports tourism has been emerged as a new tourism form and consumption hot spot. Evaluation of the competitiveness of sports tourism is helpful to accurately grasp the key competitive factors of sports tourism development and enhance regional sports tourism resource development, market expansion and product upgrading. This study adopted entropy-weight TOPSIS model to construct the index system of sports tourism competitiveness of urban agglomerations and investigated the sports tourism competitiveness of 11 cities in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2016 to 2020. The obtained results showed that sports tourism development in the Greater Bay Area was unbalanced and obviously different. Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong are competitive, Macao is average competitive and Dongguan, Jiangmen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Zhongshan, Huizhou and Zhaoqing are less competitive. Based on evolution trend, sports tourism competitiveness in Guangzhou has always been at the forefront of the Greater Bay Area, while those of Hong Kong and Macao have presented a declining trend. Also, sports tourism competitiveness in inland cities has been continuously enhanced and the development focus of sports tourism in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has gradually shifted to mainland. The 11 cities of the Greater Bay Area were classified as strong, average and weak areas on the basis of their sports tourism competitiveness scores. Finally, in terms of the overall situation of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and specific conditions of various cities, countermeasures and suggestions have been provided for sports tourism resource development, sports tourism service level, government functional departments, event brand building, enterprise integration, etc.

A study of the cognitive and psychological attributes of language comprehension during cultural exchange among athletes / Un estudio de los atributos cognitivos y psicológicos de la comprensión del lenguaje durante el intercambio cultural entre deportistas

This study reports on the cognitive and psychological attributes of language comprehension during cultural exchange among athletes (N = 20) from the United States, Great Britain, and Brazil. The research examined the linguistic significance of American English in a global marketplace, with particular attention to cross-cultural communication among those who speak U.S. English natively but must succeed in internationally competitive contexts. The major results demonstrated that while speaking their mother tongue, individuals were typically more confident and less likely to feel ashamed than when using their individual second language (English). Athletes were also shown to have no trouble distinguishing between languages, as they were able to recognise certain terms in both Spanish and Portuguese despite not being competent in either language. The results were understood to mean that, despite not being competent in a second language, athletes kept their capacity to think and converse about the world in an English-language framework.(AU)

The Coordination of the Integrated Development between Sports Tourism Industry Standardisation and Tourism Urbanisation / La Coordinación del Desarrollo Integrado entre la Normalización de la Industria del Turismo Deportivo y la Urbanización Turística

With the growing demand for sports and tourism among urban residents and the support of national policies, an important topic for urgent research is to explore the integrated development mechanism between sports tourism industry agglomeration standardisation and tourism urbanisation. There is a lack of research on the virtuous integrated and coordinated development mechanism between the two. In response, this paper conducts a study on the coordination of the integrated development between sports tourism industry standardisation and tourism urbanisation. The paper elaborates on the development model of sports tourism industry, and presents a systemic causal loop of their integrated development. It delivers a spatio-temporal relationship analysis on whether there is sustainable integrated interaction between the two and accordingly constructs a spatio-temporal analysis model. Based on Pearson correlation coefficient, cluster analysis and coupling coordination degree, the paper conducts a quantitative analysis to further explore the interaction mechanism between the two, and gives a calculation method for the coordination of their integrated development. At last, the paper compared the comprehensive development levels of sports tourism industry standardization and tourism urbanization, gave the measurement and calculation results of the level of their integrated development, and verified the effectiveness of the proposed research method. This study has certain significance for improving the correlation between sports tourism industry standardization and tourism urbanization in the urban research system.(AU)

Examining the Link Between Sports Tourism, FDI Inflow, Economic Growth, and FDI Inflows: Does Legal Restrictions on Alcohols Consumption During Sports Events Matter? / Examinando el vínculo entre el turismo deportivo, las entradas de IED, el crecimiento económico y las entradas de IED: ¿Importan las restricciones legales al consumo de alcohol durante eventos deportivos?

The primary objective of this study is to examine the direct effect of sports tourism, FDI inflows, and legal restrictions on alcohol consumption during sporting events on the economic development of Arab Gulf nations. The study also investigated the moderating effect of alcohol consumption during sporting events on the relationship between sports tourism and economic growth. The panel data methodology and fixed effect are utilized in the study, and GMM estimates are utilized for data analysis. The data for variables from 1995 to 2022 come from the databases of the world bank and national statistical offices. FDI, sports FDI, the organization of mega sports events, alcohol consumption, and sports tourism all appeared to have a positive relationship with economic growth, as indicated by the fixed effect estimates. However, there is no correlation between alcohol consumption and economic growth. The findings of the GMM estimates corroborate those of the fixed effect estimates. Further findings indicate that the relationship between sports tourism and alcohol consumption is positive and statistically significant, which suggests that allowing alcohol consumption in the presence of sports tourism will boost the economic development of Arab Gulf nations. In Arab Gulf countries, where alcohol is frequently regarded as incompatible with religious and cultural values, it is vital to consider the potential cultural and social consequences of alcohol consumption. Therefore, any policy decisions regarding the legality of alcohol consumption in these nations should be thoroughly weighed against other social and cultural concerns. This is one of the first studies to examine the impact of sports tourism, FDI inflows, and legal restrictions on alcohol consumption during sporting events on the economic development of Arab Gulf nations.(AU)

Analysis on spatial development mode of eco-sports tourism in Grand Canal landscape environment culture belt.

The development mode of sports tourism is based on the ecological environment. In order to reduce the negative impact of sports tourism on the environment, the development of ecological sports tourism based on the perspective of ecology is the top priority for the healthy and sustainable development of sports tourism. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing the previous research results, this paper expounds the elements and value of ecological sports culture tourism resources, introduces the ecological sports tourism complex model of landscape environmental culture belt, and expounds the cultural connotation characteristics of ecological sports tourism environment. Environmental science is mainly reflected in the promotion of the benign cycle of natural ecological environment, the protection of living things, the protection of water bodies and the treatment of water pollution, and the good protection of atmospheric environment, geology, and geomorphology. Based on the development of ecological sports tourism space with landscape environment culture belt, this paper introduces the resource development system of Beijing-Hangzhou Canal ecological sports culture tourism, constructs the landscape space development mode of ecological sports tourism, and analyzes the landscape space structure of ecological sports tourism. Based on landscape culture with the basis of sports tourism resources, analyzes the influence factors of sports tourism spatial structure from the direction of the depth and breadth of two dimensions expand sports events and the ecological sports cultural tourism, the depth of the fusion depth aspects emphatically at sporting events, and the ecological sports cultural tourism into the connotation of mining, breadth aspect focuses on the formats of the extension of rich and associated industries. To study the important carrier of promoting the development of ecological sports culture resources and sports industry in the Canal, to plan the layout and establish the sports culture tourism industry base reasonably, and to form the sports culture tourism industry ecosphere. The results show that the scale and speed of the development of sports tourism not only depend on the attractive sports tourism resources but also highly depend on the level of economic and social development in the region. The supply of sports tourism must take the demand of sports tourism market as the guide, combine sports activities with tourism activities in an ecological and organic way, develop various sports items to meet the needs of tourists, and realize the ecological, economic, and social benefits of ecological sports tourism. The research results of this paper provide reference for the further development of eco-sports tourism in landscape environment and culture belt.

Introduction to Philosophy of Sports Tourism / Introducción a la Filosofía del Turismo Deportivo

The Indonesian government has prioritized cultural and agricultural tourism. In Indonesia, administrators disregard the policies regarding sports tourism. Numerous nations rely on sports tourism for economic growth. Thus the economic worth of sports tourism is, without a doubt, remarkable. This investigation seeks to identify the beliefs that contribute to sports tourism. The research also seeks to assess the influence of sports' moral, ethical, and aesthetic philosophy on Indonesia's sports tourism culture. Respondents' primary data were collected for the study's findings. The studies revealed that ethical, moral, and aesthetic beliefs substantially impacted sports tourism. This study is motivated by a vacuum in the existing literature and aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to sports philosophy. Thus, this study has significant theoretical ramifications and contributes significantly to the literature on sports tourism. Similarly, the research's practical implications provide a path forward for the Indonesian government to acknowledge these sports ideologies to promote sports tourism. In its conclusion, the study has considered the key future areas that scholars must pursue to contribute additional material to the body of knowledge.(AU)

An Empirical Study of the Behaviors of Korean Golf Travelers Based on the Choice Attributes of Golf Courses in Southeast Asia.

The purpose of this study was to understand customer behavior among Korean golf travelers based on the choice attributes of golf courses in Southeast Asia. This study was based on Creswell and Clark's triangulation design, a mixed-methods research framework that compares the results of quantitative and qualitative investigations. The results of the quantitative study were as follows. 'H1. Golf course choice attributes will have a positive effect on customer satisfaction' was partially accepted. Among choice attributes, course management, price, operations management, and lodgings had an effect on customer satisfaction. 'H2. Customer satisfaction will have a positive effect on intention to revisit' was accepted. 'H3. Customer satisfaction will have a mediation effect on the relationship between intention to revisit, and golf course choice attributes' was partially accepted. Among choice attributes, customer satisfaction only showed a mediating effect in the relationship of intention to revisit with course management and price. The novelty of this study is that we performed mixed-methods research, which has not been carried out in previous studies. Furthermore, we conducted in-depth interviews only with golfers who visited courses in South Asia, selected based on their duration and purpose of the visit. The results of the qualitative study were compared with those of the quantitative study to provide empirical evidence that can be used to help domestic golf travel industry and golf courses in Southeast Asia.

Measurement of Tourist Experience Satisfaction of Sports Tourism Based on Psychological Capacity Analysis

Psychological capacity testing can successfully reconcile the conflict between the growth of sports tourism and the desire for visitor satisfaction. Existing research on psychological capacity analysis has not provided a comprehensive theoretical framework or considered the relationship between psychological capacity analysis and tourist satisfaction evaluation. This research conducts a psychological capacity analysis of tourist experience satisfaction in sports tourism to address these issues. To begin, a psychological capacity analysis was driven from the standpoint of sports tourism tourist experience, the processes of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) were provided, and suitable psychological capacity measuring indices were chosen to create an evaluation index system (EIS). Following that, a grey relational analysis (GRA) was used to quantify and evaluate the tourist experience satisfaction associated with sports tourism, followed by a gap analysis of the tourist experience satisfaction associated with sports tourism. The psychological capacity of tourists was explored by age group and gender in experiments and the relationship between tourist experience satisfaction and tourist volume. The experimental results illustrate the efficacy of our technique for analyzing psychological capability and quantifying satisfaction. We achieved the pertinent measured data on tourist satisfaction with sports tourism.(AU)

A Two-Stage MCDM Model for Exploring the Influential Relationships of Sustainable Sports Tourism Criteria in Taichung City.

Many countries advocate sports for all to cultivate people's interest in sports. In cities, cross-industry alliances between sports and tourism are one of the common practices. The following two important issues need to be discussed, namely, what factors should be paid attention to in the development of sports tourism, and what are the mutual influential relationships among these factors. This study proposes a novel two-stage multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model to incorporate the concept of sustainable development into sports tourism. First, the Bayesian best-worst method (Bayesian BWM) is used to screen out important criteria. Bayesian BWM solves the problem of expert opinion integration of conventional BWM. It is based on the statistical probability to estimate the optimal group criteria weights. Secondly, the rough decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (rough DEMATEL) technique is used to map out complex influential relationships. The introduction of DEMATEL from the rough set theory has better practicality. In the calculation program, interval types are used to replace crisp values in order to retain more expert information. A city in central Taiwan was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. The results show that the quality of urban security, government marketing, business sponsorship and mass transit planning are the most important criteria. In addition, in conjunction with local festivals is the most influential factor for the overall evaluation system.

Does Physical Activity during Alpine Vacations increase Tourists' Well-Being?

Physical activities have been proven to have an impact on general well-being in everyday life; however, literature lacks an analysis of the effects of physical activities in vacation settings. Thus, the study aimed at assessing the impacts of physical activity on well-being during vacation by taking a longitudinal approach. We utilized a pre-post within-subject design (n = 101) by testing vacationers prior to, during, and after their vacation in an alpine environment. Therefore, a series of eight linear mixed model analyses of co-variance was performed. The results suggested that the duration of a vacation and the amount of physical activity have a positive impact on the components of well-being, which was expressed by changes in the activation, elation, excitement, and calmness subscales of the Mood Survey Scale. Demographic patterns did not reveal any influences. Physical activity might be a marker for well-being, which influences people's everyday life and leisure time behavior by motivating them to engage in more physical activity. This research extends the existing literature by (1) proving the effects of vacations on well-being, (2) pointing out the effects of demographic predeterminations, and (3) gathering in-depth knowledge about the role of physical activity in changes to well-being.

Citius, Altius, Fortius vs. Slow Sport: A New Era of Sustainable Sport.

The objective of the article is to present the slow sport movement as a phenomenon developing in the postmodern era in opposition to the idea of citius, altius, fortius (Eng. faster, higher, stronger). The theoretical part of the article describes the health repercussions of slow movement and its implications for the sports industry and sports tourism. It also points to new challenges in sports management and sports tourism implemented in the slow style. The empirical part of the article aims at determining what influence the achievement of a self-set sports goal has on the degree of satisfaction with participation in a running event among runners. Could runners who did not set themselves any sports goal and ran for pleasure (according to the idea of slow sport) achieve the same degree of satisfaction as runners who set themselves an ambitious sports goal and achieved it (according to the idea of citius, altius, fortius)? The case study is the 6th Poznan Half Marathon, a cyclical, popular running event taking place in Poland. A total of 560 runners (n = 560) took part in the diagnostic survey conducted using the interview technique. The ANOVA Rang Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's test were used in the study. The results show that athletes who did not set a sporting goal (ran for pleasure, company, atmosphere, participation, etc.) experienced the same level of satisfaction as athletes who achieved their intended sporting goal. It turns out, therefore, that sport and physical activity done for pleasure in accordance with the slow sport idea can provide the same level of satisfaction as sport practiced in the spirit of citius, altius, fortius.