Influence of anxious attachment on the relationship between primary emotions and substance-related addictive behaviors.

Objectives: To date there is no universally accepted model that describes the development of substance related addictive behavior. In order to address this gap, the study sought to examine whether the association between primary emotions and the inclination toward addictive behavior is mediated by an anxious attachment style. Methods: The total sample consisted of 900 German speaking non-clinical adults (age: M = 27; SD = 9.60; 71.6% female). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to examine the connection between the primary emotions (SADNESS and ANGER), and the latent variables attachment anxiety and symptoms of addictive behavior. Results: Substance use symptomatology was correlated with higher attachment anxiety (r = 0.15), SADNESS (r = 0.15), and ANGER (r = 0.11). The effect of SADNESS on addictive behavior is mediated by attachment anxiety (p < 0.01) whereas ANGER had a direct effect on addictive behavior (p < 0.01). The final SEM explains 4% of the variance of addictive behaviors and 22% of attachment anxiety. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that both SADNESS and ANGER, along with attachment anxiety, are dispositions that contribute to the risk of engaging in addictive behavior. However, while ANGER directly influences addictive behavior, SADNESS acts through its impact on attachment anxiety.

Exploring the recycled water acceptance based on the technological perspective of UTAUT2: a hybrid analytical approach.

Introduction: The development of advanced sewage technologies empowers the industry to produce high-quality recycled water, which greatly influences human's life and health. Thus, this study investigates the mechanism of individuals' adoption of recycled water from the technology adoption perspective. Methods: Employing the mixed method of structural equation modeling and artificial neural network analysis, we examined a research model developed from the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) framework. To examine the research model, this study employs a leading web-survey company (Sojump) to collect 308 valid samples from the residents in mainland China. Results: The structural equation modeling results verified the associations between the six predictors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, environmental motivation, and price value), individuals' cognitive and emotional attitudes, and acceptance intention. The artificial neural network analysis validates and complements the structural equation modeling results by unveiling the importance rank of the significant determinants of the acceptance decisions. Discussion: The study provides theoretical implications for recycled water research and useful insights for practitioners and policymakers to reduce the environmental hazards of water scarcity.

Metagenomic and FT-ICR MS insights into the mechanism for the arsenic biogeochemical cycling in groundwater.

Arsenic (As) is a groundwater contaminant of global concern. The degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) can provide a reducing environment for As release. However, the interaction of DOM with local microbial communities and how different sources and types of DOM influence the biotransformation of As in aquifers is uncertain. This study used optical spectroscopy, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), metagenomics, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to demonstrate the how the biotransformation of As in aquifers is promoted. The results indicated that the DOM in high-As groundwater is dominated by highly unsaturated low-oxygen(O) compounds that are quite humic and stable. Metagenomics analysis indicated Acinetobacter, Pseudoxanthomonas, and Pseudomonas predominate in high-As environments; these genera all contain As detoxification genes and are members of the same phylum (Proteobacteria). SEM analyses indicated the presence of Proteobacteria is positively related to highly unsaturated low-O compounds in the groundwater and conditions that promote arsenite release. The results illustrate how the biogeochemical transformation of As in groundwater systems is affected by DOM from different sources and with different characteristics.

Association of Positive, Negative, and Disorganized Schizotypy With the Temporal Dynamics of Schizotypic Experiences in Daily Life.

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Schizotypy is a useful and unifying construct for examining the etiology, development, and expression of schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology. The positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy dimensions are associated with distinct patterns of schizophrenia-spectrum symptoms and impairment. Furthermore, they are differentiated by mean levels of psychotic-like, suspicious, negative, and disorganized schizotypic experiences in daily life, and by temporal dynamics of affect. The schizotypy dimensions were thus hypothesized to be differentiated by the temporal dynamics of schizotypic experiences in daily life. STUDY DESIGN: The present study employed experience sampling methodology in a large nonclinically ascertained sample (n = 693) to examine the associations of multidimensional schizotypy with psychotic-like, suspicious, negative, and disorganized schizotypic experiences in daily life, as well as with their temporal dynamics (variability, reactivity, inertia, and instability). STUDY RESULTS: We replicated the mean-level associations between multidimensional schizotypy and schizotypic experiences in daily life. Furthermore, positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy demonstrated hypothesized, differential patterns of temporal dynamics of schizotypic experiences. Disorganized schizotypy demonstrated the most robust associations, including intensity, variability, and inertia of disorganized schizotypic experiences. Disorganized schizotypy also moderated reactivity of psychotic-like and disorganized schizotypic experiences following previously reported stress. Positive schizotypy was associated with intensity and variability of psychotic-like experiences. Negative schizotypy was associated with intensity and variability of negative schizotypic experiences. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that schizotypy dimensions can be differentiated by both mean levels and temporal patterns of psychotic-like, suspicious, negative, and disorganized schizotypic experiences in daily life, with disorganized schizotypy uniquely characterized by stress reactivity.

The mediating effect of job involvement in the relationship between tennis Instructors' perceived organizational justice and turnover intentions: a multi-group analysis across generations.

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the role of job involvement as a mediator in the relationship between tennis coaches' perceived organizational justice and their intention to leave, considering the unique professional context and demands of tennis coaching. Additionally, it sought to identify any generational differences in this model. The research categorizes perceived organizational justice into procedural and distributive justice, and job involvement into job attachment and job commitment. Methods: The study incorporated data from 201 coaches working at commercial tennis facilities nationwide. Perceived organizational justice and job involvement were measured using validated scales. The mediation model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM), and a multi-group analysis was conducted to identify generational differences. Results: Results indicated that job involvement partially mediated the relationship between perceived organizational justice and turnover intentions, with distributive justice having a stronger total effect. The multi-group analysis revealed generational variances: distributive justice influenced turnover intentions more among the MZ generation, while procedural justice had a greater impact on the older generation. Discussion: These findings offer valuable insights for commercial tennis facilities aiming to reduce turnover and manage generational conflicts. Understanding the differential impacts of procedural and distributive justice on various generations can help tailor strategies to enhance organizational operation and employee retention. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of perceived organizational justice and job involvement in influencing tennis coaches' turnover intentions. The generational differences observed suggest that targeted interventions based on generational characteristics can be effective in reducing turnover and improving organizational stability. Future research should explore other potential mediators and extend the model to different sports and organizational contexts.

The relationship between semantics, phonology, and naming performance in aphasia: a structural equation modeling approach.

The exploration of naming error patterns in aphasia provides insights into the cognitive processes underlying naming performance. We investigated how semantic and phonological abilities correlate and how they influence naming performance in aphasia. Data from 296 individuals with aphasia, drawn from the Moss Aphasia Psycholinguistics Project Database, were analyzed using a structural equation model. The model incorporated latent variables for semantics and phonology and manifest variables for naming accuracy and error patterns. There was a moderate positive correlation between semantics and phonology after controlling for overall aphasia severity. Both semantic and phonological abilities influenced naming accuracy. Semantic abilities are negatively related to semantic, mixed, unrelated errors and no responses. Interestingly, phonology positively affected semantic errors. Additionally, phonological abilities are negatively related to each of the phonological and neologism errors. These results highlight the role of semantic and phonological skills on naming performance in aphasia and reveal a relationship between these cognitive processes.

Broadcasters, receivers, functional groups of metabolites, and the link to heart failure by revealing metabolomic network connectivity.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Blood-based small molecule metabolites offer easy accessibility and hold significant potential for insights into health processes, the impact of lifestyle, and genetic variation on disease, enabling precise risk prevention. In a prospective study with records of heart failure (HF) incidence, we present metabolite profiling data from individuals without HF at baseline. METHODS: We uncovered the interconnectivity of metabolites using data-driven and causal networks augmented with polygenic factors. Exploring the networks, we identified metabolite broadcasters, receivers, mediators, and subnetworks corresponding to functional classes of metabolites, and provided insights into the link between metabolomic architecture and regulation in health. We incorporated the network structure into the identification of metabolites associated with HF to control the effect of confounding metabolites. RESULTS: We identified metabolites associated with higher and lower risk of HF incidence, such as glycine, ureidopropionic and glycocholic acids, and LPC 18:2. These associations were not confounded by the other metabolites due to uncovering the connectivity among metabolites and adjusting each association for the confounding metabolites. Examples of our findings include the direct influence of asparagine on glycine, both of which were inversely associated with HF. These two metabolites were influenced by polygenic factors and only essential amino acids, which are not synthesized in the human body and are obtained directly from the diet. CONCLUSION: Metabolites may play a critical role in linking genetic background and lifestyle factors to HF incidence. Revealing the underlying connectivity of metabolites associated with HF strengthens the findings and facilitates studying complex conditions like HF.

Employees' pro-environmental behavior in an organization: a case study in the UAE.

This study investigates the factors influencing employees' pro-environmental behavior (PEB) within organizations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a nation with a strong policy focus on sustainability. Utilizing a questionnaire-based survey of 146 employees in an automotive division of a UAE company and structural equation modeling (SEM), the research examines the impact of green entrepreneurial orientation, green leadership, environmental commitment, and Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) on employees' willingness to engage in eco-friendly practices at work. The findings reveal that GHRM and green leadership significantly influence employees' green entrepreneurial orientation, which in turn, alongside environmental commitment, positively impacts PEB. These results emphasize the importance of integrating sustainability into organizational culture, leadership, and human resource practices to foster a workforce that actively participates in environmental initiatives, thereby contributing to the development of sustainable communities and enhancing stakeholder engagement. The study provides valuable insights into the specific factors that drive PEB in the UAE context, where national policies prioritize sustainability, highlighting that the importance of implementing green practices and promoting a supportive environment encourages employees and stakeholders to embrace environmental sustainability. The research also sheds light on the role of green entrepreneurial orientation, suggesting that empowering employees to develop innovative environmental solutions can be a key driver of PEB. The SEM analysis also confirmed the positive impact of GHRM and green leadership on green entrepreneurial orientation. Additionally, green entrepreneurial orientation and environmental commitment were found to significantly influence PEB. These results have practical implications for organizations in the UAE and beyond, emphasizing that by integrating eco-friendly practices and fostering stakeholder engagement, organizations can enhance their environmental performance, strengthen their reputation, and attract environmentally conscious customers and employees, contributing to the development of sustainable communities.

Structural associations between self-perception of support and knowledge of disability characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among staff in facilities providing after-school day services.

BACKGROUND: We constructed a hypothetical model of the knowledge of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and self-perception of support of staff working in after-school day services to clarify structural relationships. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted at 194 facilities providing after-school day services in Fukushima Prefecture (October 2020), including a basic attributes questionnaire, the Literacy Scale of Characteristics of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (LS-ASD), and a staff questionnaire. We developed a hypothetical model of the relationship between self-perception and LS-ASD total scores of after-school service staff. To obtain latent variables for structural equation modeling (SEM) to confirm factor extraction and the interrelationships among variables, exploratory factor analysis was performed. SEM was used to examine the fit of the hypothetical model to the data and the relationships among variables. RESULTS: The study included 302 staff members from 58 of 194 facilities. Four factors (Factor 1, motivation; 2, self-perception of knowledge; 3, information sharing; 4, self-confidence) were extracted. The final model showed that Factor 2 had a positive direct effect (path coefficient = 0.64) and Factor 4 had a negative direct effect (path coefficient = -0.22) on LS-ASD scores. The model goodness of fit was acceptable (Goodness-of-Fit Index = 0.890; Comparative Fit Index = 0.912; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.086; Akaike's Information Criterion = 392.7). CONCLUSION: Self-perception of knowledge contributes greatly to knowledge acquisition, while excessive confidence may hinder knowledge retention.

Psychometric property and measurement invariance of perceived benefits and barriers of physical activity in Chinese adolescents.

Background: The perceived benefits and barriers to physical activity play crucial roles in determining daily physical activity levels. However, previous studies have employed tools lacking adequate validation, leading to inconsistent conclusions about the impact of these two factors. Therefore, this national, population-based study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties, measurement invariance, and predictive validity of the Chinese versions of the perceived benefits (C-PBEPA) and barriers to physical activity (C-PBAPA) scales. Methods: The final sample (N = 2942, 49.3 % for boys) was randomly split into two subsamples. The first subsample was used for exploratory factor analysis and the second subsample was used for confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement invariance across gender and age groups were examined. Structural equation models were developed to examine the predictive validity of the revised C-PBEPA and C-PBAPA on moderate to vigorous PA. Results: The results showed that both scales were unidimensional, had excellent model fit (e.g., X 2/df < 3, CFI >0.9, RMSEA <0.06) and demonstrated convergent validity. Findings also revealed lack of scalar invariance for C-PBAPA between preadolescents and adolescents' groups (ΔCFI >0.01) and supported the predictive validity of both scales (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the revised C-PBEPA and C-PBAPA are valid scales for measuring Chinese adolescents' perceived benefits and barriers to PA.

Vaccination intentions of hypertensive Chinese individuals during the COVID-19 epidemic: a structural equation modeling study.

OBJECTIVE: Given the high prevalence of hypertension among Chinese adults, this population is at a significantly increased risk of severe COVID-19 complications. The purpose of this study is to assess the willingness of Chinese hypertensive adults to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and to identify the diverse factors that shape their vaccination decisions. METHODS: Sampling was conducted utilizing multistage stratified random sampling, and ultimately, a total of 886 adult hypertensive patients from Luzhou City in Southwest China were included in this study. The questionnaire design was based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and was used to investigate their willingness to be vaccinated with COVID-19. Structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that 75.6% of hypertensive individuals were willing to receive COVID-19 vaccination. The structural equation modeling revealed that Subjective Norms (path coefficient = 0.361, CR = 8.049, P < 0.001) and Attitudes (path coefficient = 0.253, CR = 4.447, P < 0.001) had positive effects on vaccination willingness, while Perceived Behavioral Control (path coefficient=-0.004, CR=-0.127, P = 0.899) had no significant impact on Behavioral Attitudes. Mediation analysis indicated that Knowledge (indirect path coefficient = 0.032, LLCI = 0.014, ULCI = 0.058), Risk Perception (indirect path coefficient = 0.077, LLCI = 0.038, ULCI = 0.124), and Subjective Norms (indirect path coefficient = 0.044, LLCI = 0.019, ULCI = 0.087) significantly influenced vaccination willingness through Attitudes as a mediating factor. CONCLUSION: The willingness of hypertensive individuals to receive the COVID-19 vaccination is not satisfactory. The Theory of Planned Behavior provides valuable insights into understanding their vaccination intentions. Efforts should be concentrated on enhancing the subjective norms, attitudes, and knowledge about vaccination of hypertensive patients.

Determinants of preventive behavior against Covid-19 in secondary school students based on Health Belief Model (HBM): a structural equations modeling (SEM).

Measures such as education, improving knowledge, attitude and taking preventive action to protect against COVID-19 are vital strategies for prevention. The aim of this study was to determine the predictability of Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs in performing preventive behaviors against COVID-19 among secondary school students in Chabahar, Iran. In this cross-sectional-analytical study, 400 secondary school students of Chabahar city were investigated by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, knowledge, behavior, and Health Belief Model constructs' questions. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to evaluate the validity of HBM constructs, and the structural equation modeling (SEM) method was used to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of the relationship between knowledge, HBM constructs, and preventive behavior against COVID-19 based on the conceptual model. Based on the results of the structural modeling, the direct effect of knowledge on the constructs of the health belief model was positive and significant (ß = 0.34, P-value < 0.001), and on the preventive behavior of students was insignificant (ß = 0.12, P-value = 0.07) while the indirect effect of knowledge through increasing the constructs of the HBM on student behavior was positive and significant (ß = 0.30, P < 0.001). The relationship between the constructs of the HBM constructs and student behavior was also positive and significant (ß = 0.89, P-value < 0.001).Due to the fact that knowledge and HBM structures played a role in predicting the adoption of preventive behavior from COVID-19, it is possible to design appropriate interventions to increase knowledge, sensitivity, perceived severity, and self-efficacy, in order to recover from COVID-19 by adopting preventive behaviors.

How Does Active Learning Pedagogy Shape Learner Curiosity? A Multi-Site Mediator Study of Learner Engagement among 45,972 Children.

Curiosity is one of the most fundamental biological drives that stimulates individuals' intense desire to explore, learn, and create. Yet, mechanisms of how curiosity is influenced by instructional pedagogy remain unclear. To shed light on this gap, the present study sets out to investigate the underlying channels linking active learning pedagogy, learner engagement, and learner curiosity, employing a partial least-squares structural equation model leveraging the Social and Emotional Skills Survey dataset across ten sites (N = 45,972). Findings indicate that active learning pedagogy is positively associated with learner engagement (std. ß = 0.016, p = 0.005), but there lacks a significant direct effect on learner curiosity (std. ß = -0.001, p = 0.738). Structural mediation results show that learner engagement is a key mediating channel linking active learning pedagogy and learner curiosity (std. ß = 0.013, p = 0.005).

Trust in the Leader, Organizational Commitment, and Nurses' Intention to Leave-Insights from a Nationwide Study Using Structural Equation Modeling.

Nursing retention is a major challenge globally. Ongoing workforce instability across countries underscores the need to understand the factors influencing turnover and nursing retention. Trust is a crucial element in managing workplace relationships between nurse managers and nurses. Existing studies have shown the direct impact of trust on employees' intention to leave their job but have not explored the effects of potential mediators such as organizational commitment. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of trust in the leader on nurses' intention to leave their job through the mediation of organizational commitment. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Italy. A convenience sample of 1853 nurses completed a self-report survey. The study tested a hypothesis-based mediation model using structural equation modeling, which showed good fit indices. The results indicated that trust in the leader had a significant impact on nurses' intention to leave, and this relationship was partially mediated by organizational commitment. Nurses who trust their leader are more likely to demonstrate higher levels of organizational commitment, resulting in a lower intention to leave their job. Furthermore, organizational commitment and trust emerge as critical factors in reducing nurses' intention to leave their current positions. Therefore, managers can reduce nurses' intention to leave by building trustful relationships that enhance organizational commitment.This study was not registered.

Exploring the relationship between psychosocial factors, work engagement, and mental health: a structural equation modeling analysis among faculty in Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial hazards in the workplace were identified as a considerable risk to employee mental health as well as their general well-being. Few studies were found to examine its relationship with work engagement and mental health. Thus, this study examines the relationships between psychosocial factors, work engagement, and mental health within the faculty in Saudi Arabia using structural equation modeling. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 375 faculty. Data collection was done using a self-administered online survey that included instruments such as the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). SmartPLS 3 software facilitated data analysis and included the assessment of factors. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the interplay between psychosocial factors, work engagement, and mental health. RESULTS: The robust measurement model was characterized by high loadings (0.719 to 0.970), Cronbach's alpha (0.595 to 0.933), and composite reliability (0.807 to 0.968). Convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed using AVE and various criteria. The fit of the saturated model was superior. Burnout explained significant variance (0.585) with predictive relevance for all constructs. Notably, the impact of burnout on family conflict and the influence of stress on burnout were found to have significant effect sizes. CONCLUSION: The study uses structural equation modeling to examine the relationships between psychosocial factors, work engagement, and mental health among faculty in Saudi Arabia. The robust measurement model demonstrated high reliability and validity, while the saturated model demonstrated excellent fit. These findings contribute to our understanding of psychosocial dynamics, work engagement, and overall health among faculty in Saudi Arabia.

Evaluation of a Computer-Aided Clinical Decision Support System for Point-of-Care Use in Low-Resource Primary Care Settings: Acceptability Evaluation Study.

BACKGROUND: A clinical decision support system (CDSS) based on the logic and philosophy of clinical pathways is critical for managing the quality of health care and for standardizing care processes. Using such a system at a point-of-care setting is becoming more frequent these days. However, in a low-resource setting (LRS), such systems are frequently overlooked. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the user acceptance of a CDSS in LRSs. METHODS: The CDSS evaluation was carried out at the Jimma Health Center and the Jimma Higher Two Health Center, Jimma, Ethiopia. The evaluation was based on 22 parameters organized into 6 categories: ease of use, system quality, information quality, decision changes, process changes, and user acceptance. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to investigate whether the difference between the 2 health centers was significant (2-tailed, 95% CI; α=.05). Pearson correlation and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to identify the relationship and factors influencing the overall acceptance of the CDSS in an LRS. RESULTS: On the basis of 116 antenatal care, pregnant patient care, and postnatal care cases, 73 CDSS evaluation responses were recorded. We found that the 2 health centers did not differ significantly on 16 evaluation parameters. We did, however, detect a statistically significant difference in 6 parameters (P<.05). PLS-SEM results showed that the coefficient of determination, R2, of perceived user acceptance was 0.703. More precisely, the perceived ease of use (ß=.015, P=.91) and information quality (ß=.149, P=.25) had no positive effect on CDSS acceptance but, rather, on the system quality and perceived benefits of the CDSS, with P<.05 and ß=.321 and ß=.486, respectively. Furthermore, the perceived ease of use was influenced by information quality and system quality, with an R2 value of 0.479, indicating that the influence of information quality on the ease of use is significant but the influence of system quality on the ease of use is not, with ß=.678 (P<.05) and ß=.021(P=.89), respectively. Moreover, the influence of decision changes (ß=.374, P<.05) and process changes (ß=.749, P<.05) both was significant on perceived benefits (R2=0.983). CONCLUSIONS: This study concludes that users are more likely to accept and use a CDSS at the point of care when it is easy to grasp the perceived benefits and system quality in terms of health care professionals' needs. We believe that the CDSS acceptance model developed in this study reveals specific factors and variables that constitute a step toward the effective adoption and deployment of a CDSS in LRSs.

An examination of the mediating role of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in the complex relationship between interpersonal needs and suicidal behavior.

Background: Studies have shown that psychological factors, notably interpersonal needs and emotion regulation, play a significant role in suicidal behavior. Interpersonal needs are significant contextual components that affect emotion regulation and contribute to a wide range of dysfunctional behaviors, such as suicidal behavior. It has been postulated that emotion regulation mediates the associations between proximal and distal risk factors of suicidal behavior. Method: The sample consisted of 340 community-dwelling individuals (62.5% women; SD = 0.48) with an age range of 18 through 55 (M = 30.23; SD = 8.54) who completed the interpersonal needs questionnaire, the suicide behaviors questionnaire-revised, and the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach was utilized to evaluate a mediation model. Results: The findings indicate that interpersonal needs (i.e., perceived burdensomeness r = .55, p <.01 and thwarted belongingness r = .25, p <.01) and putatively maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (i.e., self-blame; r = .38, p <.01, catastrophizing; r = .55, p <.01, rumination; r = .40, p <.01, and other blame; r = .44, p <.01) have strong associations with suicidal behavior, and these strategies have a mediating effect on the association between interpersonal needs and suicidal behavior. Conclusions: Our findings show that contextual-interpersonal needs, which underpin suicidal behavior, are significantly influenced by maladaptive emotional processes. Thus, therapeutic outcomes might be enhanced by focusing on the content of the associated cognitions and trying to reduce maladaptive regulatory processes like rumination and catastrophization.

The relationships between emerging adults self-efficacy and motivation levels and physical activity: a cross-sectional study based on the self-determination theory.

Objectives: The study aims to examine the associations between exercise self-efficacy, motivation, physical activity, and body composition among emerging adults. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: A convenience sample of 147 emerging adults participated in the Releasing Weight (RELEW) project. The InBody720 analyzer was used to measure body composition, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short, the Shortened Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire were used to measure self-reported physical activity, self-efficacy, and motivation. Structural Equation Modeling was used to exam the complex relationships among multiple variables. in this study. The Partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis with bootstrapping in Smart PLS 3 was employed to explore the path coefficients and t-values for the relationships that were thought to exist. Significance was determined using a threshold of p < 0.05. Results: The mean age of 147 participants was 18.5 ± 1.87, of whom 51.7% were female, recruited for this study. Exercise self-efficacy has a significant positive correlation with exercise motivation (r = 0.220, p = 0.008) and physical activity (r = 0.279, p < 0.001). Exercise motivation does not demonstrate significant associations with physical activity (r = 0.094, p = 0.298). Utilizing SEM, the model explained 9.2% of exercise self-efficacy, 11.8% of physical activity, and 68.3% of body composition variance. Mediation analysis revealed that exercise self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between exercise motivation and physical activity (ß = 0.106, t = 2.538, p < 0.05), and physical activity partially mediated the relationship between exercise self-efficacy and body composition (ß = -0.296, t = 4.280, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study sheds light on the complex relationships among motivation, self-efficacy, physical activity and body composition during emerging adulthood. Our results highlight the mediating role of self-efficacy and its impact on physical activity behaviors, offering valuable insights for targeted interventions and policy development to improve health outcomes in this demographic.

A theory based study on diabetes self-management in older Chinese adults.

Approximately 1 in 3 (or 80 million) Chinese age 60 years or older are living with type 2 diabetes in China. New perspectives are needed to understand the intricate phenomenon of diabetes self-management (DSM) in older Chinese adults. Guided by the expanded Tripartite Model of Self-Management, this study aimed to identify the inter-relationships between the tripartite components simultaneously and their influencing factors. This cross-sectional study included a stratified random sample of 98 community-dwelling adults age 60 or older with type 2 diabetes. Findings revealed distinct predictors for knowledge about DSM, DSM behaviors and coping. There were significant inter-relationships among the tripartite components. The theoretical model was a good fit for the data. This study provides valuable insights into the complex relationships between knowledge about DSM, DSM behaviors, and coping strategies, offering direct implications for improving the health outcomes of older adults with diabetes.

Developing success evaluation criteria of building projects for Addis Ababa Ethiopia.

Success evaluation using stakeholder-responsive criteria is crucial. Evaluation is vital for achieving project goals as it improves ongoing projects and plans for the future. Effective evaluation requires appropriate criteria and subcriteria. However, choosing narrow, biased, and unrealistic evaluation criteria can lead to subjective results. Moreover, the construction sector often uses inconsistent criteria, causing ineffective project evaluation. This study aims to identify stakeholders' responsive success criteria to improve the management of project success evaluation, addressing the lack of uniformity in industry professionals and researchers' opinions. The draft evaluation criteria and subcriteria were developed after reviewing the literature. The first phase of data was collected from various expert stakeholders through a questionnaire, focus group discussions, and interviews. The second phase of data was collected from 102 respondents, including clients, consultants, contractors, and end users, through a questionnaire and interviews. The data was analyzed using Excel, SPSS, and AMOS software. The success criteria and subcriteria rank were determined using the RII method. A successful evaluation of structural equation models was developed, which passed composite reliability, convergent validity, and discriminate validity tests. The study identifies stakeholder-responsive evaluation seven criteria and twenty-nine subcriteria, ranking them based on industry use. The IRR ranking results show quality, cost, time, stakeholder satisfaction, health and safety, learning and development, and environmental impact as the most frequently used criteria. However, environmental impact and learning and development are less frequently used. The study also creates scientific criteria and subcriteria relations in the SEM model, demonstrating that project success depends on each criterion and subcriterion's success. The model diagram illustrates the hypothesized relationships among variables and establishes the empirical relationship between evaluation criteria and subcriteria. The study introduces stakeholder-responsive criteria for successful project evaluation in the construction industry, addressing the gap in success evaluation. These criteria are effective and holistic, promoting continuous improvement, project success, and future planning. The findings encourage collaboration and contribute to project management knowledge among stakeholders, professionals, academics, and policymakers.