ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To validate the effects of subject position on single energy metal artifact reduction (SEMAR) of a reverse shoulder prosthesis using computed tomography (CT). METHODS: A water phantom with a reverse shoulder prosthesis was scanned at four positions on the XY plane of the CT gantry (on-center, 50 mm, 100 mm, and 150 mm from on-center in the negative direction of the X axis, respectively). We obtained images with and without SEMAR. The artifact index (AI) was measured via physical assessment. Scheffé's (Ura) paired comparison methods were performed with the amount of metal artifact by ten radiological technologists via visual assessment. RESULTS: The AI was significantly reduced when using SEMAR. As the phantom moved away from the on-center position, the AI increased, and metal artifacts increased in Scheffé's methods. CONCLUSION: SEMAR reduces metal artifacts of a reverse shoulder prosthesis, but metal artifacts may increase as the subject position moves away from the on-center position.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Public health messages encourage maintaining a stable weight and are influential in shaping normative weight management discourses. We studied how individuals with different weight maintenance histories constructed relations to these discourses in their sense-making on weight management. DESIGN: Our study used critical discursive psychology (CDP) as a theoretical and methodological framework for examining the accounts of 20 lifelong weight maintainers and 20 weight-loss maintainers (altogether 17 men and 23 women, aged 51-74). RESULTS: We identified three interpretative repertoires the participants used for making sense of weight management. The lifelong weight maintainers and weight-loss maintainers differed in their ways of using three repertoires. The "everyday challenges" repertoire that emphasized external obstacles was most emphatic in weight-loss maintainers' accounts of unsuccessful weight management, and the "following instructions" repertoire that highlighted control and disciplined behavior in their accounts of success. The "lifestyle and personalized routines" repertoire that stressed customized needs and routinization of practices was most prominent in lifelong weight maintainers' accounts of successful weight management. CONCLUSION: Our findings stress the importance of alternative ways of talking about and supporting weight management to prevent stigmatization. In conclusion, we suggest employing morally neutral language by focusing on lifestyle and wellbeing instead of weight.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has dominated the global media since 2020. To a large extent, it is via the news media that the public has learned about the risks, levels of danger, governmental regulations and mandatory actions. This article highlights the subject positions constructed by the Swedish news media from January 2020 to February 2021 in reports about the pandemic. The result shows that citizens can be active-passive or solitary solidarity, these positions appeal to individual accountability, thus potentially shaping and fostering citizens in line with the Swedish government's wider response to the pandemic. The news media's images are of self-regulated citizens who govern and discipline themselves and others according to the current discourses, all of which simultaneously evoke fear, togetherness and hope. The ideological dilemmas for citizens are whether to be active-passive or, if necessary, switch to the solitary solidarity subject position.
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The families of people diagnosed with dementia are commonly first-in-line caregivers. This can have a considerable effect on their lives, health, and relationships. However, few studies have focused on the children in such families. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe how children, in their own narratives, construct themselves as subjects growing up and caring for a parent with dementia. The study applies discourse analysis. The findings show three subject positions: parent to your parent(s), orphan with parents, and time traveler stuck in time. There is a need to support these children, both as children and as young adults. More knowledge is necessary regarding the kind of support they might want or need. For health care professionals, it is important to know that it might not always be easy to ask for information or support as a child caring for a sick parent.
Subject(s)
Dementia , Parents , Caregivers , Child , Humans , Parent-Child Relations , Young AdultABSTRACT
This paper presents a reflection about being terminally ill and the various ways that the subject has at its disposal to deal with this event. The objective is to understand the experience of palliation for patients undergoing no therapeutic possibilities of cure. The methodology of this study has the instruments to semi-structured interview, the participant observation and the field diary, and the Descriptive Analysis of Foucault’s inspiration how the narratives of the subjects were perceived. The Results of paper there was the possibility of looking at the experience of illness through the eyes of a subject position assumed by the very sick. As conclusion we have than when choosing palliative care, the terminally ill opts for a way to feel more comfortable and resists the impositions of the medical model of prolonging life.
Este artículo presenta una reflexión acerca de ser un enfermo terminal y las diversas formas que el sujeto tiene a su disposición para hacer frente a este evento. Nuestro objetivo fue comprender la experiencia de pacientes sin posibilidad terapéuticas de cura, sometidos a los cuidados paliativos. La metodología de este estudio cuenta con los instrumentos de entrevista semiestructurada, la observación participante y el diario de campo. Las narrativas de los sujetos han sido analizadas bajo la analítica descriptiva de inspiración foucaultiana. Os Resultados nos dicen que la posibilidad de ver la experiencia de la enfermedad a través de la óptica de una posición de sujeto asumida por el propio enfermo. La conclusión es que es posible el sujeto enfermo terminal elegir los cuidados paliativos como una manera de sentirse más cómodo y para resistir a las imposiciones del modelo médico de la prolongación de la vida.
O presente trabalho traz uma reflexão a respeito do ser um doente terminal e das várias maneiras que o sujeito tem a seu dispor para lidar com esse acontecimento. Nosso objetivo foi compreender a experiência da paliação por sujeitos doentes sem possibilidades terapêuticas de cura. A metodologia deste estudo teve como instrumentos a Entrevista Narrativa, a Observação Participante e o Diário de Campo, sendo a Análise Descritiva de inspiração foucaultiana o modo como as narrativas dos sujeitos foram percebidas. O resultado do estudo mostrou a possibilidade de olhar a experiência do adoecer através da ótica de uma posição de sujeito assumida pelo próprio enfermo. E concluímos que ao escolher os cuidados paliativos, o doente terminal opta por um modo de se sentir mais confortável e resiste às imposições do modelo médico de prolongamento da vida.
Subject(s)
Humans , Attitude to Death , Hospice Care , Terminally Ill , Narration , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
The subject nature of nursing science was defined as that of humanity and social science.Qualitative and quantitative methods should be combined in studies of nursing science .Only the research methods of nursing science are used , can the nursing science turn out an independent subject .
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Based on the main body's definition of philosophy,the article points out that patients are the main body of clinic activities.It also analyzes patients'main status in the performance of clinic activities and in the medical countermeasure.The concluson is that a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients should be composed from bi-main bodies characteristic of the clinic activities.
