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Arch. latinoam. nutr ; Arch. latinoam. nutr;64(1): 50-58, mar. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-752691

ABSTRACT

Se evaluó la capacidad antioxidante (CA) en subproductos de semillas de amaranto (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) de dos parcelas de cultivo, en función de tres métodos de extracción y dos disolventes, a tres concentraciones diferentes. En una primera etapa, se evaluó el efecto del método de extracción (homogeneización, ultrasonido de baja frecuencia y la combinación homogeneización-ultrasonido) y del disolvente de extracción (metanol o etanol, al 100%); en una segunda etapa, se evaluó el efecto de la concentración del disolvente de extracción (100%, 70% o 50%). La CA se determinó por inhibición del radical DPPH▪, expresándola en mg Equivalentes de Trolox (ET)/g materia seca; los compuestos fenólicos totales (FT) se determinaron mediante el ensayo de Folin-Ciocalteu, expresándolos como Equivalentes de Ácido Gálico (EAG)/g materia seca. Los compuestos antioxidantes se identificaron mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Para la CA, no existe diferencia significativa (p>0,05) entre los métodos de extracción estudiados, mientras que si la hay (p<0,05) entre disolventes (3,39 y 1,28 mg ET/g materia seca, con metanol y etanol, respectivamente). Para FT, no hay diferencia significativa (p>0,05) entre disolventes al usarlos diluidos, sólo al emplearlos al 100%; mientras que para CA sí hay efecto de la concentración del disolvente, obteniendo mayores valores de CA al utilizar los disolventes al 50% (21,34 y 21,82 mg ET/g materia seca, con metanol y etanol, respectivamente). El análisis cualitativo de los extractos mostró la presencia de escualeno y 2,5- bis (1,1-dimetiletil) fenol como los principales compuestos con capacidad antioxidante.


The antioxidant capacity (CA) of byproducts from amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) seeds from two harvest parcels as a function of three extraction methods and two solvents was evaluated. On a first stage the effect of extraction method (homogenization, low frequency ultrasound, or the combination homogenization-ultrasound) and extraction solvent (methanol or ethanol, 100%) were evaluated; on a second stage, the effect of extraction solvent concentration (100%, 70%, or 50%) was evaluated. CA was determined by DPPH▪ inhibition, which was expressed as mg Equivalents of Trolox (ET)/g dry matter (DM). Total Phenolic compounds (FT) were determined by means of the Folin- Ciocalteu assay and expressed as Equivalents of Gallic Acid (EGA)/g DM. Antioxidant compounds were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. For CA, there was not significant difference (p>0,05) among extraction methods, but there was significant difference (p<0,05) between solvents (3,39 and 1,28 mg ET/g DM, with methanol and ethanol, respectively). For FT, there was not significant difference (p>0,05) between solvents when they were diluted, but a significant difference (p<0,05) was observed when they were used at 100%. For CA, there was a significant (p<0,05) effect of solvent concentration, both studied solvents at 50% provided the best results (21,34 and 21,82 mg ET/g DM with methanol and ethanol, respectively). The qualitative analysis of the extracts exhibited the presence of squalene and 2,5-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) phenol as the major compounds with antioxidant capacity.


Subject(s)
Amaranthus/chemistry , Antioxidants/analysis , Seeds/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
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