Anti-Listerial Activity of Bacteriocin-like Inhibitory Substance Produced by Enterococcus lactis LBM BT2 Using Alternative Medium with Sugarcane Molasses.

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that contaminates food-processing environments and persists within biofilms on equipment, thus reaching final products by cross-contamination. With the growing demand for clean-label products, the search for natural antimicrobials as biopreservants, such as bacteriocins, has shown promising potential. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-listerial action of bacteriocins produced by Enterococcus lactis LBM BT2 in an alternative medium containing sugarcane molasses (SCM). Molecular analyses were carried out to characterize the strain, including the presence of bacteriocin-related genes. In the kinetic study on SCM medium E. lactis, LBM BT2 showed biomass and bacteriocin productions similar to those observed on a sucrose-based medium (control), highlighting the potential of the sugarcane molasses as a low-cost substrate. Stability tests revealed that the molecule remained active in wide ranges of pH (4-10) and temperature (60-100 °C). Furthermore, the proteolytic treatment reduced the biomolecule's antimicrobial activity, highlighting its proteinaceous nature. After primary purification by salting out and tangential flow filtration, the bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) showed bacteriostatic activity on suspended L. monocytogenes cells and against biofilm formation at a concentration of 0.625 mg/mL. These results demonstrate the potential of the produced BLIS as a biopreservative in the food industry.

Agro-industrial residues for the production of red biopigment by Monascus ruber: rice flour and sugarcane molasses.

Three culture media were studied for red pigment production by Monascus ruber in submerged cultivation: rice flour (20 g L-1), sugarcane molasses (30 g L-1), and, finally, molasses + rice flour (10 g L-1+10 g L-1); all culture media were added of 5 g L-1 glycine as nitrogen source. Rice flour showed pigment production of 7.05 UA510nm and molasses 5.08 UA510nm, and the mixture of rice flour and molasses showed the best result of 16.38 UA510nm. Molasses culture presented good results for cell biomass production of 11.09 g L-1. With these results, it was observed that one substrate presented good pigment production (rice flour) and another attained better results for cell biomass growth (molasses), and a third medium containing 10 g L-1 of rice flour + 10 g L-1 of molasses was formulated. The results for this mixture showed satisfactory results, with global pigment productivity of 0.097 UA510nm h-1 and maximum productivity rate of 0.17 UA510nm h-1. The high production and productivity obtained for the mixture of rice flour and molasses indicated that the production of red pigment by submerged fermentation, using the mixture of these low-cost culture media, may be promising in terms of commercial production.

Biohydrogen production in an AFBR using sugarcane molasses.

This study evaluated an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor to produce hydrogen from sugarcane molasses of 25 g-COD L-1. The reactor of 1.2 L working volume contained shredded tires as support material. The inoculum was sludge obtained in a UASB reactor of a sewage treatment plant. The AFBR was operated at hydraulic retention times of 12, 6, 4 and 3 h. The maximum hydrogen production rate (1.44 L-H2 h-1 L-1) and the highest hydrogen yield (3.07 mol-H2 mol-1-glucose) occurred at HRT of 4 and 6 h, respectively. The highest COD removal (23.3 ± 8.5%) was achieved at HRT of 12 h, while the HRT of 6 h presented the maximum carbohydrate conversion of 70.1 ± 2.2%. Ethanol (44-67%) and acetic acid (18-38%) were the main metabolites produced, emphasizing a predominance of ethanol-type fermentation pathway in the process. The PCR-DGGE analysis revealed that the bacterial community presented a maximum similarity of 88% between HRT of 4 and 3 h, indicating that the microbial dynamic altered as the organic load has increased. The highest Shannon-Winner index of 2.77 was obtained at HRT of 6 h, inferring that higher microbial diversity favored hydrogen production.

High Gravity and Very High Gravity Fermentation of Sugarcane Molasses by Flocculating Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Experimental Investigation and Kinetic Modeling.

Substantial progress has been made in ethanol fermentation technology under high gravity (HG) and very high gravity (VHG), which offer environmental and economic benefits. HG and VHG processes increase the productivity of ethanol, reduce distillation costs, and enable higher yields. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of sugarcane molasses as the medium component along with flocculating yeasts for fermentation in a fed-batch process employing this promising technology. We evaluated fed-batch fermentation, HG, and VHG involving a molasses-based medium with high concentrations of reducing sugars (209, 222, and 250 g/L). Fermentation of 222 g/L of total reducing sugars achieved 89.45% efficiency, with a final ethanol concentration of 104.4 g/L, whereas the highest productivity (2.98 g/(L.h)) was achieved with the fermentation of 209 g/L of total reducing sugars. The ethanol concentration achieved with the fermentation of 222 g/L of total reducing sugars was close to the value obtained for P'max (105.35 g/L). The kinetic model provided a good fit to the experimental data regarding the fermentation of 222 g/L. The results revealed that sugarcane molasses and flocculating yeasts can be efficiently used in HG fermentation to reduce the costs of the process and achieve high ethanol titers.

Selenium-Enriched Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii CCT 4308 Biomass Production Using Low-Cost Sugarcane Molasses Medium

Abstract Food supplements have been increasingly investigated. Probiotics have several benefits for human and animal health and selenium (Se) is widely recommended against oxidative stress. In this context, the aim of this study was to develop a low-cost bioprocess to produce a functional food product comprising both probiotic and Se accumulation. Yeast cells of Saccharomyces boulardii CCT 4308 were cultivated using sugarcane molasses as substrate. Optimization studies were performed to evaluate the best medium composition for biomass production and Se-accumulation in batch and fed-batch systems. Optimized conditions were defined with a medium composed of 150 g L-1 sugarcane molasses and 12 g L-1 yeast extract, with feeding of 100 g L-1 sugarcane molasses and 100 μg mL-1 of Se incorporation after 4 h and 10 h of fermentation, respectively, during 48 h in STR (stirred tank reactor). Best biomass production reached 14.52 g L-1 with 3.20 mg Se g-1 biomass at 12 h. Process optimization led to 4.82-fold increase in biomass production compared to initial condition. A final Se-enriched S. boulardii CCT 4308 biomass was obtained, which is comparable to commercial products. An alternative probiotic yeast biomass was efficiently produced as a new food-form of Se supplement in a sustainable process using an inexpensive agro-industrial residue.

Comparison of photoautotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae Messastrum gracile (Chlorophyceae) in alternative culture media / Comparação dos cultivos foto-autotrófico e mixotrófico da microalga Messastrum gracile (Chlorophyceae) em meios de cultura alternativos

Growth and biological conditions of Messastrum gracile were evaluated to compare the effect of photoautotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation on the increase of biomass production and chemical conditions cultured in macrophyte and commercial culture media. The growth rate (k) of M. gracile was different in the culture media, higher in mixotrophic cultivation for Lemna minor culture medium, whilst to Eichhornia crassipes and NPK culture media were higher in photoautotrophic cultivation. Mean lipid contents in photoautotrophic cultivation were 8.2% biomass dry weight, whereas they reached 19% biomass dry weight in mixotrophic cultivation. Protein contents were below 48% biomass dry weight in photoautotrophic cultivation and 30% biomass dry weight in mixotrophic cultivation. Messastrum gracile cultured in macrophyte culture media (E. crassipes and L. minor) and NPK culture medium provided satisfactory results with regard to lipid and protein contents in mixotrophic and photoautotrophic cultivations, respectively. Lipid and protein contents in alternative media were higher or similar to the CHU12 commercial culture medium.(AU)

O crescimento e as condições biológicas da microalga Messastrum gracile foram avaliados para comparar o efeito do cultivo foto-autotrófico e mixotrófico na produção de biomassa e condições químicas em meios de cultura comercial e de macrófitas. A taxa de crescimento (k) de M. gracile foi diferente entre os meios de cultura, sendo maior no cultivo mixotrófico para o meio Lemna minor, enquanto para os meios Eichhornia crassipes e NPK foram maiores no cultivo foto-autotrófico. Os teores de lipídios no cultivo foto-autotrófico foram de 8,2% da biomassa seca, enquanto que no mixotrófico atingiram 19% da biomassa seca. Os teores de proteína em cultivo foto-autotrófico estiveram abaixo de 48% da biomassa seca e 30% de biomassa seca no cultivo mixotrófico. Messastrum gracile cultivada em meios de cultura de macrófitas (E. crassipes e L. minor) e NPK apresentaram resultados satisfatórios em relação aos teores de lipídeos e proteínas nos cultivos mixotróficos e foto-autotróficos, respectivamente. Os teores lipídicos e proteicos em meios alternativos foram maiores ou semelhantes ao meio comercial CHU12.(AU)

Comparison of photoautotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae Messastrum gracile (Chlorophyceae) in alternative culture media / Comparação dos cultivos foto-autotrófico e mixotrófico da microalga Messastrum gracile (Chlorophyceae) em meios de cultura alternativos

Abstract Growth and biological conditions of Messastrum gracile were evaluated to compare the effect of photoautotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation on the increase of biomass production and chemical conditions cultured in macrophyte and commercial culture media. The growth rate (k) of M. gracile was different in the culture media, higher in mixotrophic cultivation for Lemna minor culture medium, whilst to Eichhornia crassipes and NPK culture media were higher in photoautotrophic cultivation. Mean lipid contents in photoautotrophic cultivation were 8.2% biomass dry weight, whereas they reached 19% biomass dry weight in mixotrophic cultivation. Protein contents were below 48% biomass dry weight in photoautotrophic cultivation and 30% biomass dry weight in mixotrophic cultivation. Messastrum gracile cultured in macrophyte culture media (E. crassipes and L. minor) and NPK culture medium provided satisfactory results with regard to lipid and protein contents in mixotrophic and photoautotrophic cultivations, respectively. Lipid and protein contents in alternative media were higher or similar to the CHU12 commercial culture medium.

Resumo O crescimento e as condições biológicas da microalga Messastrum gracile foram avaliados para comparar o efeito do cultivo foto-autotrófico e mixotrófico na produção de biomassa e condições químicas em meios de cultura comercial e de macrófitas. A taxa de crescimento (k) de M. gracile foi diferente entre os meios de cultura, sendo maior no cultivo mixotrófico para o meio Lemna minor, enquanto para os meios Eichhornia crassipes e NPK foram maiores no cultivo foto-autotrófico. Os teores de lipídios no cultivo foto-autotrófico foram de 8,2% da biomassa seca, enquanto que no mixotrófico atingiram 19% da biomassa seca. Os teores de proteína em cultivo foto-autotrófico estiveram abaixo de 48% da biomassa seca e 30% de biomassa seca no cultivo mixotrófico. Messastrum gracile cultivada em meios de cultura de macrófitas (E. crassipes e L. minor) e NPK apresentaram resultados satisfatórios em relação aos teores de lipídeos e proteínas nos cultivos mixotróficos e foto-autotróficos, respectivamente. Os teores lipídicos e proteicos em meios alternativos foram maiores ou semelhantes ao meio comercial CHU12.

Comparison of photoautotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae Messastrum gracile (Chlorophyceae) in alternative culture media

Abstract Growth and biological conditions of Messastrum gracile were evaluated to compare the effect of photoautotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation on the increase of biomass production and chemical conditions cultured in macrophyte and commercial culture media. The growth rate (k) of M. gracile was different in the culture media, higher in mixotrophic cultivation for Lemna minor culture medium, whilst to Eichhornia crassipes and NPK culture media were higher in photoautotrophic cultivation. Mean lipid contents in photoautotrophic cultivation were 8.2% biomass dry weight, whereas they reached 19% biomass dry weight in mixotrophic cultivation. Protein contents were below 48% biomass dry weight in photoautotrophic cultivation and 30% biomass dry weight in mixotrophic cultivation. Messastrum gracile cultured in macrophyte culture media (E. crassipes and L. minor) and NPK culture medium provided satisfactory results with regard to lipid and protein contents in mixotrophic and photoautotrophic cultivations, respectively. Lipid and protein contents in alternative media were higher or similar to the CHU12 commercial culture medium.

Resumo O crescimento e as condições biológicas da microalga Messastrum gracile foram avaliados para comparar o efeito do cultivo foto-autotrófico e mixotrófico na produção de biomassa e condições químicas em meios de cultura comercial e de macrófitas. A taxa de crescimento (k) de M. gracile foi diferente entre os meios de cultura, sendo maior no cultivo mixotrófico para o meio Lemna minor, enquanto para os meios Eichhornia crassipes e NPK foram maiores no cultivo foto-autotrófico. Os teores de lipídios no cultivo foto-autotrófico foram de 8,2% da biomassa seca, enquanto que no mixotrófico atingiram 19% da biomassa seca. Os teores de proteína em cultivo foto-autotrófico estiveram abaixo de 48% da biomassa seca e 30% de biomassa seca no cultivo mixotrófico. Messastrum gracile cultivada em meios de cultura de macrófitas (E. crassipes e L. minor) e NPK apresentaram resultados satisfatórios em relação aos teores de lipídeos e proteínas nos cultivos mixotróficos e foto-autotróficos, respectivamente. Os teores lipídicos e proteicos em meios alternativos foram maiores ou semelhantes ao meio comercial CHU12.

Improvement Production of Hyaluronic Acid by Streptococcus zooepidemicus in Sugarcane Molasses.

Microbial hyaluronic acid (HA) production has been preferred rather than extraction from animal tissue for medical and cosmetic applications. In this context, to obtain an economically competitive HA production by Streptococcus zooepidemicus, culture conditions were studied to improve the polymer production in sugarcane molasses. The highest HA production by S. zooepidemicus ATCC 39920 achieved was 2.825 g. L-1 in a 4.5 L bioreactor with controlled pH (8.0) and medium containing molasses (85.35 g.L-1 total sugar) pretreated with activated charcoal and yeast extract (50 g.L-1). The HA produced exhibited a high molecular weight of 1.35 × 103 kDa and the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the polymer at 1 g.L-1 was 41 %. The FTIR and UV-Vis spectra showed no substantial differences in the spectral pattern between produced and standard HA. This study is a promising strategy for sugarcane molasses application by producing high value-added products such as hyaluronic acid.

Comparison of photoautotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae Messastrum gracile (Chlorophyceae) in alternative culture media

Abstract Growth and biological conditions of Messastrum gracile were evaluated to compare the effect of photoautotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation on the increase of biomass production and chemical conditions cultured in macrophyte and commercial culture media. The growth rate (k) of M. gracile was different in the culture media, higher in mixotrophic cultivation for Lemna minor culture medium, whilst to Eichhornia crassipes and NPK culture media were higher in photoautotrophic cultivation. Mean lipid contents in photoautotrophic cultivation were 8.2% biomass dry weight, whereas they reached 19% biomass dry weight in mixotrophic cultivation. Protein contents were below 48% biomass dry weight in photoautotrophic cultivation and 30% biomass dry weight in mixotrophic cultivation. Messastrum gracile cultured in macrophyte culture media (E. crassipes and L. minor) and NPK culture medium provided satisfactory results with regard to lipid and protein contents in mixotrophic and photoautotrophic cultivations, respectively. Lipid and protein contents in alternative media were higher or similar to the CHU12 commercial culture medium.

Resumo O crescimento e as condições biológicas da microalga Messastrum gracile foram avaliados para comparar o efeito do cultivo foto-autotrófico e mixotrófico na produção de biomassa e condições químicas em meios de cultura comercial e de macrófitas. A taxa de crescimento (k) de M. gracile foi diferente entre os meios de cultura, sendo maior no cultivo mixotrófico para o meio Lemna minor, enquanto para os meios Eichhornia crassipes e NPK foram maiores no cultivo foto-autotrófico. Os teores de lipídios no cultivo foto-autotrófico foram de 8,2% da biomassa seca, enquanto que no mixotrófico atingiram 19% da biomassa seca. Os teores de proteína em cultivo foto-autotrófico estiveram abaixo de 48% da biomassa seca e 30% de biomassa seca no cultivo mixotrófico. Messastrum gracile cultivada em meios de cultura de macrófitas (E. crassipes e L. minor) e NPK apresentaram resultados satisfatórios em relação aos teores de lipídeos e proteínas nos cultivos mixotróficos e foto-autotróficos, respectivamente. Os teores lipídicos e proteicos em meios alternativos foram maiores ou semelhantes ao meio comercial CHU12.

Efficient mannitol production by wild-type Lactobacillus reuteri CRL 1101 is attained at constant pH using a simplified culture medium.

Mannitol is a natural polyol with multiple industrial applications. In this work, mannitol production by Lactobacillus reuteri CRL 1101 was studied at free- and controlled-pH (6.0-4.8) fermentations using a simplified culture medium containing yeast and beef extracts and sugarcane molasses. The activity of mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (MDH), the enzyme responsible for mannitol synthesis, was determined. The effect of the initial biomass concentration was further studied. Mannitol production (41.5 ± 1.1 g/l), volumetric productivity (Q Mtl 1.73 ± 0.05 g/l h), and yield (Y Mtl 105 ± 11 %) were maximum at pH 5.0 after 24 h while the highest MDH activity (1.66 ± 0.09 U/mg protein) was obtained at pH 6.0. No correlation between mannitol production and MDH activity was observed when varying the culture pH. The increase (up to 2000-fold) in the initial biomass concentration did not improve mannitol formation after 24 h although a 2-fold higher amount was produced at 8 h using 1 or 2 g cell dry weight/l comparing to the control (0.001 g cell dry weight/l). Finally, mannitol isolation under optimum fermentation conditions was achieved. The mannitol production obtained in this study is the highest reported so far by a wild-type L. reuteri strain and, more interestingly, using a simplified culture medium.

Optimization of lipids production by Cryptococcus laurentii 11 using cheese whey with molasses.

This study aimed the optimization of culture condition and composition for production of Cryptococcus laurentii 11 biomass and lipids in cheese whey medium supplemented with sugarcane molasses. The optimization of pH, fermentation time, and molasses concentration according to a full factorial statistical experimental design was followed by a Plackett-Burman experimental design, which was used to determine whether the supplementation of the culture medium by yeast extract and inorganic salts could provide a further enhancement of lipids production. The following conditions and composition of the culture medium were found to optimize biomass and lipids production: 360 h fermentation, 6.5 pH and supplementation of (g L(-1)): 50 molasses, 0.5 yeast extract, 4 KH2PO4, 1 Na2HPO4, 0.75 MgSO4 · 7H2O and 0.002 ZnSO4 · H2O. Additional supplementation with inorganic salts and yeast extract was essential to optimize the production, in terms of product concentration and productivity, of neutral lipids by C. laurentii 11. Under this optimized condition, the production of total lipids increased by 133% in relation to control experiment (from 1.27 to 2.96 g L(-1)). The total lipids indicated a predominant (86%) presence of neutral lipids with high content of 16- and 18-carbon-chain saturated and monosaturated fatty acids. This class of lipids is considered especially suitable for the production of biodiesel.

Optimization of lipids production by Cryptococcus laurentii 11 using cheese whey with molasses

This study aimed the optimization of culture condition and composition for production of Cryptococcus laurentii 11 biomass and lipids in cheese whey medium supplemented with sugarcane molasses. The optimization of pH, fermentation time, and molasses concentration according to a full factorial statistical experimental design was followed by a Plackett-Burman experimental design, which was used to determine whether the supplementation of the culture medium by yeast extract and inorganic salts could provide a further enhancement of lipids production. The following conditions and composition of the culture medium were found to optimize biomass and lipids production: 360 h fermentation, 6.5 pH and supplementation of (g L-1): 50 molasses, 0.5 yeast extract, 4 KH2PO4, 1 Na2HPO4, 0.75 MgSO4•7H2O and 0.002 ZnSO4•H2O. Additional supplementation with inorganic salts and yeast extract was essential to optimize the production, in terms of product concentration and productivity, of neutral lipids by C. laurentii 11. Under this optimized condition, the production of total lipids increased by 133% in relation to control experiment (from 1.27 to 2.96 g L-1). The total lipids indicated a predominant (86%) presence of neutral lipids with high content of 16- and 18- carbon-chain saturated and monosaturated fatty acids. This class of lipids is considered especially suitable for the production of biodiesel.

Optimization of lipids production by Cryptococcus laurentii 11 using cheese whey with molasses

This study aimed the optimization of culture condition and composition for production of Cryptococcus laurentii 11 biomass and lipids in cheese whey medium supplemented with sugarcane molasses. The optimization of pH, fermentation time, and molasses concentration according to a full factorial statistical experimental design was followed by a Plackett-Burman experimental design, which was used to determine whether the supplementation of the culture medium by yeast extract and inorganic salts could provide a further enhancement of lipids production. The following conditions and composition of the culture medium were found to optimize biomass and lipids production: 360 h fermentation, 6.5 pH and supplementation of (g L-1): 50 molasses, 0.5 yeast extract, 4 KH2PO4, 1 Na2HPO4, 0.75 MgSO4•7H2O and 0.002 ZnSO4•H2O. Additional supplementation with inorganic salts and yeast extract was essential to optimize the production, in terms of product concentration and productivity, of neutral lipids by C. laurentii 11. Under this optimized condition, the production of total lipids increased by 133% in relation to control experiment (from 1.27 to 2.96 g L-1). The total lipids indicated a predominant (86%) presence of neutral lipids with high content of 16- and 18- carbon-chain saturated and monosaturated fatty acids. This class of lipids is considered especially suitable for the production of biodiesel.

Optimization of biomass production with copper bioaccumulation by yeasts in submerged fermentation

The objective of this work was to study the production of biomass with copper bioaccumulation in submerged fermentation using sugarcane molasses. Candida pelliculosa BARU 05 isolated from Baru (Dipteryx alata) was selected for its good capacity to accumulate the copper. Fermentation was carried out using the medium composed by sugarcane molasses at 5 °Brix enriched with (g/L) CuSO4.5H2O 0.1; yeast extract, 10.0; (NH4)2SO4, 5.0 ; KH2PO4, 5.0 MgSO4, 0.5, inoculum 10 percent of total volume (100 ml), pH 6.0, and incubation at 30 °C, 120 rpm for 120 h. After three steps of optimization an uptake of 95.04 percent and 13.397 g/L biomass were obtained. The kinetics of copper bioaccumulation and biomass production was followed in a 10- liter bioreactor in a batch and fed-batch fermentation which showed copper accumulation of 91.98 and 100 percent, respectively, and biomass production of 38.85 g/L (24 h) and 57.54 g/L (48 h), respectively.

Development of a Low Cost Bioprocess for Endotoxin Production by Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis Intended for Biological Control of Aedes aegypti

Aedes aegypti is the vector of Dengue disease, responsible for 20,000 deaths/year worldwide. Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis - Bti releases selective and effective toxins (crystal proteins) against A. aegypti larvae. We present a low cost bioprocess for toxin production, accomplished by a selected Brazilian strain Bti (BR-LPB01) and employment of low cost substrates. Soybean meal and sugarcane molasses lead to high toxic effectiveness after 2L bioreactor fermentation (LD50=26ng/mL), near to the reference strain IPS82 (LD50=17.3 ng/mL). The pH ranged between 5.8 and 7.0 during the exponential growth period and between 7.0 and 8.4 during the stationary phase, with low activity. Thus, control of foam and pH 7.0 were started and proved to be crucial for high activity. It was verified that the fermentation could be discontinued after 20 hours, when the highest activity was present.

A dengue é transmitida pelo Aedes aegypti, doença responsável por 20.000 mortes/ano no mundo. Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis libera toxinas seletivas e eficazes (proteínas cristal) contra larvas de A. aegypti. Propõe-se um bioprocesso de baixo custo para a produção da toxina, pelo emprego de uma cepa brasileira selecionada de Bti (BR-LPB01) e de substratos de baixo custo. Farelo de soja e melaço de cana levaram a eficácia tóxica alta após fermentação em biorreator 2L (DL50=26ng/mL), valor próximo a estirpe de referência IPS82 (DL50=17,3 ng/mL). O pH variou entre 5,8 e 7,0 durante o período de crescimento exponencial e entre 7,0 e 8,4 durante a fase estacionária, com baixa atividade larvicida. Assim, controles de espuma e de pH 7,0 foram iniciados e demonstraram serem cruciais para alta atividade. Verificou-se que a fermentação deve ser interrompida após vinte horas, quando se obtém a maior atividade.

Evaluación de la capacidad probiótica in vitro de una cepa nativa de Saccharomyces cerevisiae / In vitro evaluation of the probiotic capacity of a native strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae

En el presente estudio se evaluó la capacidad probiótica in vitro de una cepa nativa de Saccharomyces cerevisiae (A) y se comparó con una cepa comercial (B) utilizada como probiótico. Para esto se determinó la concentración de melaza de caña (10, 20 y 30 por ciento (p/v)) que permitiera obtener la mayor cantidad de biomasa de las cepas, así mismo se determinaron parámetros cinéticos. La concentración de melaza que arrojó mejores resultados fue 20por ciento (p/v) y se encontró diferencia en la producción de biomasa para la cepa en estudio A (28g/L) y la cepa control B (3g/L) en medio melaza. Se realizaron pruebas in vitro como resistencia a sales biliares, tolerancia a rangos de pH y jugos gástricos, donde no se observaron diferencias entre la cepa A y B al medir el crecimiento. La reducción del colesterol en presencia de sales biliares después de 12 horas de incubación fue de 54 por ciento para la cepa A y 58 por ciento para la B. Por último se realizó una prueba de adherencia en células Caco-2, encontrando adherencia a estas por parte de ambas cepas. De acuerdo con los resultados anteriores se demostró que la cepa A tiene propiedades probióticas in vitro que pueden ser corroboradas con posteriores estudios in vivo que confirmen su utilización como probiótico en nutrición animal.

The in vitro probiotic capacity of a native strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (A) was evaluated and compared with a commercial strain (B) used as a probiotic. The effect of the concentration of sugarcane molasses (10, 20 and 30% (w/v)) on the biomass production was investigated and kinetic parameters were determined. The best molasses concentration was 20% (w/v) and differences in biomass production on molasses medium between strain A (28 g/L) and control strain B (3 g/L) were observed. In vitro tests such as tolerance to bile salts, pH and gastric juices were carried out, and no differences in growth between strain A and B were found. Cholesterolreduction on presence of bile salts after 12 hours of incubation was of 54% for strain A and 58% for strain B. Both strains showed adherence to Caco-2 cells. Results reveal that strain A possesses in vitro probiotic propertiesthat can be verified with further in vivo studies to confirm its suitability as probiotic in animal nutrition.

Utilization of supplemented sugarcane molasses for continuous production of lactic acid by Lactobacillus curvatus / Produção contínua de ácido láctico por Lactobacillus curvatus a partir de melaço de cana-de-açúcar suplementado

Several by-products and raw-materials of food and agricultural industries have been used as culture medium. It is rich nutrients sources, and it is considered low cost and high availability of molasses as a substrate can be used in lactic fermentation. Lactic acid has tradicionally been obtained by chemical process, however, lactic acid production by fermentative process is considered most viable economically. Lactic acid has application in different industries such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textiles, leather, chemical and food industries, where about 82% of all world production is used. In this work, lactic acid production by L. curvatus under continuous culture on sugarcane molasses supplemented with yeast extract and peptone was evaluated. Dilution rates tested were 0,05; 0,10 and 0,15h-1 at 37ºC. Samples were taken for pH, reducing sugar, lactic acid, biomass and cellular viability measurements under steady state conditions. When the D was 0,05; 0,10 and 0,15h-1, the reducing sugar consumption was 7,1; 6,4 and 4,8g/L, respectively. Highest lactic acid production (13,8g/L) was obtained when D=0,05h-1 was used, while at D=0,10 and 0,15h-1, lactic acid production reached 10,2 and 7,1g/L, respectively. The highest values of biomass (1,98g/L) and cell viability (2,03x109CFU/mL) were reached at the lowest dilution rate tested (0,05h-1). In conclusion, the results showed that u

Melaço é uma matéria prima de baixo custo e rico em nutrientes para a fermentação láctica. O ácido láctico tem aplicação na indústria farmacêutica, cosmética, têxtil, de couro, química e de alimentos, onde são utilizados cerca de 82% de sua produção mundial. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a produção de ácido láctico por Lactobacillus curvatus em fermentação contínua de melaço de cana-de-açúcar, previamente tratado com invertase e suplementado com extrato de levedura e peptona. Os valores de taxa de diluição D= 0,05; 0,10 e 0,15h-1 foram testados à temperatura de 37ºC. As amostras foram coletadas na fase estacionária de crescimento, para medidas de pH, determinação de açúcares redutores, biomassa, produção de ácido láctico e viabilidade celular. Nestas condições, o consumo de açucares redutores diminuiu de 7,1; 6,4 e 4,8g/L com o aumento respectivo da taxa de diluição. A maior produção de ácido láctico (13,8g/L) foi obtida na taxa de diluição de 0,05h-1, enquanto que D=0,10 e 0,15h-1 suportaram a produção de 10,2 e 7,1g/L, respectivamente. Os valores mais altos de biomassa (1,98g/L) e viabilidade celular (2,03x109UFC/mL) também foram alcançados na menor taxa de diluição (D=0,05h-1). A produção de ácido láctico, por L. curvatus em melaço, previamente tratado com invertase e suplementado, foi mais adequada na menor taxa de diluição.

Utilization of supplemented sugarcane molasses for continuous production of lactic acid by Lactobacillus curvatus / Produção contínua de ácido láctico por Lactobacillus curvatus a partir de melaço de cana-de-açúcar suplementado

Several by-products and raw-materials of food and agricultural industries have been used as culture medium. It is rich nutrients sources, and it is considered low cost and high availability of molasses as a substrate can be used in lactic fermentation. Lactic acid has tradicionally been obtained by chemical process, however, lactic acid production by fermentative process is considered most viable economically. Lactic acid has application in different industries such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textiles, leather, chemical and food industries, where about 82% of all world production is used. In this work, lactic acid production by L. curvatus under continuous culture on sugarcane molasses supplemented with yeast extract and peptone was evaluated. Dilution rates tested were 0,05; 0,10 and 0,15h-1 at 37ºC. Samples were taken for pH, reducing sugar, lactic acid, biomass and cellular viability measurements under steady state conditions. When the D was 0,05; 0,10 and 0,15h-1, the reducing sugar consumption was 7,1; 6,4 and 4,8g/L, respectively. Highest lactic acid production (13,8g/L) was obtained when D=0,05h-1 was used, while at D=0,10 and 0,15h-1, lactic acid production reached 10,2 and 7,1g/L, respectively. The highest values of biomass (1,98g/L) and cell viability (2,03x109CFU/mL) were reached at the lowest dilution rate tested (0,05h-1). In conclusion, the results showed that u

Melaço é uma matéria prima de baixo custo e rico em nutrientes para a fermentação láctica. O ácido láctico tem aplicação na indústria farmacêutica, cosmética, têxtil, de couro, química e de alimentos, onde são utilizados cerca de 82% de sua produção mundial. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a produção de ácido láctico por Lactobacillus curvatus em fermentação contínua de melaço de cana-de-açúcar, previamente tratado com invertase e suplementado com extrato de levedura e peptona. Os valores de taxa de diluição D= 0,05; 0,10 e 0,15h-1 foram testados à temperatura de 37ºC. As amostras foram coletadas na fase estacionária de crescimento, para medidas de pH, determinação de açúcares redutores, biomassa, produção de ácido láctico e viabilidade celular. Nestas condições, o consumo de açucares redutores diminuiu de 7,1; 6,4 e 4,8g/L com o aumento respectivo da taxa de diluição. A maior produção de ácido láctico (13,8g/L) foi obtida na taxa de diluição de 0,05h-1, enquanto que D=0,10 e 0,15h-1 suportaram a produção de 10,2 e 7,1g/L, respectivamente. Os valores mais altos de biomassa (1,98g/L) e viabilidade celular (2,03x109UFC/mL) também foram alcançados na menor taxa de diluição (D=0,05h-1). A produção de ácido láctico, por L. curvatus em melaço, previamente tratado com invertase e suplementado, foi mais adequada na menor taxa de diluição.

Lactic acid production by L. curvatus in sugarcane molasses / Produção de ácido lático por Lactobacillus curvatus em melaço de cana-de-açúcar

Lactic acid is important due to its various applications. The bulk of world lactic acid production is used by the food industry and the rest is used in pharmaceutical, textile, leather, cosmetic and chemical industries. In this work, a 33 incomplete factorial design of the response-surface methodology was used to determine the best concentration of sugarcane molasses, yeast extract and peptone in the culture medium for the development of batch lactic fermentation by Lactobacillus curvatus. The fermentation was carried out at 37 ºC for 48 hours without agitation. The mathematical model given by the responsesurface methodology indicated a concentration of 10% (w/v) of sugarcane molasses, 2% (w/v) of yeast extract and 4% (w/v) of peptone as the best conditions for the composition of culture medium for the lactic acid production by L. curvatus. Under these conditions, lactic acid production was 30,5 g/L, comparable with the result obtained in MRS medium, which produced 32,0g/L of lactic acid. Considering the low cost and high availability of the sugarcane molasses, it was concluded that it represented a good culture medium for lactic fermentation. Sugarcane molasses at 10% (w/v) supplemented with yeast extract at 2% (w/v) and peptone at 4% (w/v) was used in the 3L batch lactic fermentation producing 37,5g/L of lactic acid.

A maior parte da produção mundial de ácido lático é utilizada pela indústria de alimentos e o restante em indústrias farmacêutica, têxtil, de couro, cosmética e química. A Metodologia da Superfície de Resposta, planejamento fatorial incompleto 33, foi utilizada para estabelecer as melhores condições, relativas às concentrações, do meio de cultivo contendo melaço de cana-de-açúcar, extrato de levedura e peptona para desenvolvimento da fermentação descontínua por Lactobacillus curvatus. A fermentação se desenvolveu durante 48 horas sob temperatura de 37 ºC. O modelo matemático fornecido pela Metodologia da Superfície de Resposta apontou os valores máximos de concentração testados para melaço de cana-de-açúcar, 10% (m/v); extrato de levedura, 2% (m/v) e peptona, 4% (m/v) como a melhor composição do meio para produção de ácido lático. Na prática, estas condições forneceram uma produção de 30,5g/L de ácido láctico, sendo este resultado comparável ao obtido em meio sintético de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe, o qual produziu 32,0g/L de ácido lático. Considerando-se o baixo custo e alta disponibilidade do melaço, pode-se afirmar que este representa um bom meio de cultivo para a fermentação lática. Fermentação descontínua em escala maior, fermentador de 3L, utilizando-se melaço de cana-de-açúcar 10% (m/v) suplementado com 2% (m/v) de extrato de levedura e 4% (m/v) de peptona produziu 37,5 g/L de ác